高空作业-之-坠落保护-豆丁.pptx

1.Eliminate 消除消除HierarchyofControlshazard风险控制层次Eliminate of Hazards 消除风险消除风险Passive Controls 主动控制主动控制Active Controls 被动控制被动控制3.Engineering Controls工程学控制工程学控制(Isolation 隔离隔离)4.Administrative Controls 管理控制管理控制2.Substitution 替代替代5.PPE 个人防护装备个人防护装备TwoTypesofFallProtection两种坠落保护Passive Systemsthatarebuiltinthefacility,suchasguardrails,stairs,accessplatforms,ramps,etc.Active Systems caneitherbefallrestraintorfallarrestsystems.TheyarerequiredwhenPassiveSystemsarenotsufficientornotavailableGLStandardRequirementsFallArrestSystemsFall-arrestsystemsaredesignedtosupportandholdapersonintheeventofafall防坠系统是一种设计用来保护或者承载作业者跌落的系统Theyarenotdesignedtosupportapersonwhileworking它不是用来做为人高空作业过程中的支撑。Allpersonnelusingfallprotectionequipmentmustreceiveappropriateanddocumenttrainingintheuse,inspectionandmaintenanceofsuchequipment所有使用坠落保护装备的人员必须接受关于使用，检查和维护相关设备的适当的培训。AnchoragePoints锚点SelectionofthetypeandlocationwilldependonthenatureandlocationofthetaskandthetypeofconstructionofthebuildingorsupportingstructureAnchoragepointsforfallprotectiondevicesmust,wherepractical,beabovetheheadoftheworker,andmustensurethatintheeventofafalltheworkerwillneitherswingnortouchthegroundWhatHappensinaFallBeforethefall-arrestsystemstartstowork,thepersonacceleratesinafree-fall在坠落制动系统开始工作之前，人员有一个自由落体的加速下落过程。Itrequiresthedecelerationdistancetobringthispersontoafullstop要求在整个减速距离内使人员停止下落Thefall-arrestforcestopsthefallandimpactsthebodythroughthestrapsandharness使坠落停止的制动力量，将会通过安全绳和安全带作用在人体上。Abreakingsystemabsorbsthefall-arrestforce再由减震系统来吸收坠落制动的力量A free-fall must never be more than 1.2 m(4 feet)整个整个自由落体的距离不能超过自由落体的距离不能超过1.2米米 (818 Kg)（高挂低用）（高挂低用）坠落保护系统的组成Fullbodyharnessequippedwithanappropriatefallarrestring装备有适当的坠落制动环的全身式安全带Shockabsorbinglanyardorself-retractingdeviceequippedwithaloadarrestor安全绳和装备有负载制动的速降自锁设备Lockinghooksandattachments锁扣和附件Properanchorpoint恰当的锚点Rescueplan营救计划全面的附落防护系统（高挂低用）1.安全带Harnesses2.安全绳Lanyards3.锚点接件AnchorageConnectors123禁止将限位绳用于坠落制动正确穿着全身式安全带胸带的位置不可过高或过低（可放进去一个拳头）背部D环必须位于两肩胛骨的中间腿带必须要调节，调节到使用者的手不能完全地放进去抬起臀部像是坐在上面SafetyBeltsARENOTFallProtectionDevices限位绳和腰带不是坠落保护设备坠落过程中产生的力量能:伤害工人的脊骨使体内器官破裂增加悬挂过程中死亡的风险增加脱落出安全带的风险FallProtectionSystem减震包要接近人体Shock-AbsorbingLanyard吸震绳吸震绳和金属部件直接缝合在一起坠落发生时，吸震包的缝合线将会打开，打开的吸震包将会吸收绝大多数的冲力多数吸震绳打开后，长度有1.2m在吸震包打开之前，自由下落的距离不能超过1.2米，否则作用在人体的力量将会超过4千牛（高挂低用）（高挂低用）100%Tie-OffShock-AbsorbingLanyardEnablesaworkertotieofftoansecondanchorpointbeforedisconnectingfromthefirstone可使工人始终有一个锚点相连。CliptoDRingonworkersbodyharness与工人安全带上的D环相连Note:wemustnevertieabigcliptothebackDring注意：不可将大钩与背后D环相连Self-RetractingLifelineswithLoadArrestors类似于汽车座位上的安全带不能和吸震绳同时使用！不能和吸震绳同时使用！一般会在15-60cm的距离内停止坠落，吸收的能量可达到4千牛必须安装在高于工人的位置，否则坠落距离会过长并且工人会发生钟摆式的坠落或者有可能直接接触到地面！HooksandClipsMustautomaticallylockandmustbecheckedtoensureitISlockedTwoclipsmustneverbeattachedtogether,theforcecouldbreaktheirmechanism禁止两个锁扣相连在一起，它们的机械部分将会被破坏。TheclipsofalockingtypemustalwaysbeclippedtoalargerringsuchasthebackDring必须始终与更大的环相连,如:背后D形环HooksClipsWinchonaTripodAwinchmustbeequippedwithafallarrest.Incaseofafall,acoloreddevice(thatresemblesaringandisalsocalledaflag)willbevisibleneartheattachmentclipThewinchmustthenbesentbacktothemanufacturerandallotherequipmentmustbedestroyedorrecertifiedWinchesandself-retractingdevicesmustbecertifiedeveryyearRing or colored flagOtherConnecting/AnchorDevicesI-BeamConnectors/AnchorPointsNevertieoffthelanyardonabeam,nevermakeaknotinit,useaconnectorProtectyourlanyardwithapaddedpassthruconnectorIfyoumustmovewiththeself-retractingdevice,youcanattachittoaslidingbeamanchor垂直生命线和水平生命线ProperAnchoragePointPlacementMustbedirectlyabovetheworkerandhighenoughOtherwiseapendulumeffectOran“ouch”effect适当的锚点NeverlowerthantheDclipandalwaysabovetheperson.Thehigherthebetter锚点不能低于D环并始终在人体之上方，越高越好！Toillustrate,wewillcalculatethefalldistancerequiredifapersonmeasuring1.5m(5ft),usingashockabsorbinglanyardof1.2m(4ft),hadananchorpointathisfeet.Itwouldrequireatotalfalldistanceof4.8 m(16 ft):Heightofaperson1.5m(5ft)Lengthofthelanyard1.2m(4ft)StretchingoftheharnessandDring.3m(1ft)Stretchingoftheshockabsorber1.2m(4ft)Safetyfactorof.6m(2ft)H:背部背部D型环到工作面距离型环到工作面距离L:系绳长度系绳长度Y:锚点到工作面距离锚点到工作面距离X:工作平台到地面距离工作平台到地面距离DD:吸震包打开距离吸震包打开距离 计算公式：计算公式：H+L+DDX+Y 根据根据ANSI规定，规定，L=1.8m，DD=1.1m设人的身高设人的身高1.8m，则则 1.8m+1.8m+1.1m4.7m对于一个身高对于一个身高1.8m、体重在安全带使用、体重在安全带使用标准范围内的人员，只要锚点离地面大标准范围内的人员，只要锚点离地面大于于4.7m，则可以确保安全，则可以确保安全 YHXLDD坠落距离计算YHXLDD坠落距离计算作业平台到地面距离X身高H锚点到作业平台最少距离Y2m1.6m2.5m1.7m2.6m1.8m2.7m3m1.6m1.5m1.7m1.6m1.8m1.7m4m1.6m0.5m1.7m0.6m1.8m0.7mProperAnchorPointsMustbeengineeredtoresistadynamicforceof22.2kiloNewtonsor5000poundsAskyourselfthequestion:wouldyouusethisanchorpointtoliftyourpickuptruck?Iftheanswerisno,dontuseitforyourselfGLStandardRequirementsFallArrestSystemsAnchoragePoints(2)Theremustbeasystemforensuringthatanchoragepointsaretestedinaccordancewitharecognisedstandard and/orapprovedbyacompetentpersontoensurethattheyaresecureandcantaketherequiredloadForexampleUSOSHA29CFRPart1926.502requiresaminimum22.2kN(5000pounds)static(tensile)force.AllUSoperationsmustcomplywiththisrequirementAS/NZS1891.4:2000requiresaminimumof15kN(3372pounds)forasinglepointone-personanchorageWherenolocalstandardexistsfortesting,theoperationsmustcomplywiththeAS/NZstandardTransitioningBetweenAnchorPointsWheretheriskoffallingishighwhendetachingfromoneanchorpointandreattachingtoanother,asecondlanyardshouldbeusedLiberaluseoftwolanyardsisnotrecommendedbecauseriskoffallingisincreased:Whentwolanyardsareattached,bodymovementislimitedWhenoneisattachedandoneisnot,entanglingcanoccurGLStandardRequirementsFallArrestSystemsTheremustbeasystemforensuringthatFallProtectionequipmentis:Testedandcertifiedforusebyacompetentperson,everytwoyearsormorefrequentlywhererequiredbylocallegislation,andInspectedbytheuserbeforeuse,andInspected,testedandrecertifiedforusebyacompetentpersonfollowingafall,andRepairedordestroyedwhereinspectionhasshownevidenceofexcessivewearormechanicalmalfunctionExamplesofPPEFailuresHeat damageExamples of PPE FailuresHardened surface due to exposure to paintDamage due to heat inside fiber exposedGLStandardRequirementsFallArrestSystemsTheremustbeasystemforpreparingandtestingemergencyrescueproceduresforfallvictimsInadditiontotheinjury,shock,painandpossiblystressonthebodyfromafall,personsusingpersonalfallprotectionequipmentincertaincircumstancescanalsosuffersuspensiontrauma(calledorthostaticsyndromeinthemedicalfield)andithaspotentiallyfatalconsequencesAnimportantpartofthesuspensionphaseafterafallusingpersonalfallprotectionequipmentisrescueandthetreatmentofthecasualtyduringandafterrescueRescuePlanWemustbeabletorescuewithin20minutes,musthavearescuepersonimmediatelyavailableThelackofcirculationinthelegscancausesuspensiontraumawhichcanleadtoacardiacarrestIfthepersonisconscioushavehim/herrepositiontheirlegsbyliftingthem,tryingtositintheharness,orpushingthefeetagainstawallortosupporttheirlegsbybringingsomethingunderneaththemsothattheycanrestWhentheworkerisrescuedhe/shemustbeinstalledinasittingpositiontopreventthebloodfromrushingtooquicklytotheheartGLStandardRequirementsFallArrestSystemsNOTES:ThisStandardprohibitstheuseofbodybelts(safetybelts)forfallarrestpurposesFall-arrestsystemshouldalwaysbeusedasalastresort.Thesesystemsrequireahighleveloftrainingtobothset-upanduse.Theyshouldonlybeusedifpersonnelhavebeenfullytrainedandemergencyrescueproceduresareinplace自我救援自救踏步带-减少血液不循环造成的问题,延长救援时间GLStandardRequirementsFallArrestSystemsSomecommonhazardsassociatedwiththeuseofFall-ArrestSystemsinclude:PersonsnottyingoffPersonsnottyingoffcorrectlyPersonstyingofftoananchoragepointorstructurethatcannotmeettheminimum15kN(3372pounds)tensileforcerequirementPersonsnottyingoffoverheadandswingingintoanobjectduringafallNotwearingtheharnesscorrectlyandslippingthroughHanginginaharnessandsufferingsuspensiontraumaSpecificSite-WideRiskAssessmentRequirementsOverhead Power LinesThepresenceofoverheadpowercablespresentsariskofelectrocution:fromtouchingthepowercablesbyworkingtooclosetohighvoltagecablesforunqualifiedelectricalpersonstheclearancesare:For230kVcables,therecommendedminimumsafeclearanceis4meters(13ft)For50kVcablestheminimumsafeclearanceis3meters(10feet)WorkonTopofTrucks&NearPowerLinesPriortoworkingontopofatanktrucktheareashouldbecheckedtoensuretherearenooverheadpowerlinesinthevicinityFor230kVcables,aminimumof4meters(13ft)safedistancemustbemaintainedbetweenthepersonandtheoverheadpowerlinesatalltimes.For50kVcables,adistanceof3meters(10ft)WorkonBulkStorageTanksEnsurethetankroofisstructurallysoundandcanbesafelywalkedonIftheroofisnotfittedwithguardrailswearsuitablefallprotectionWheredesignatedwalkwaysareindicated,onlywalkonthedesignatedwalkwayareas(designatedwalkwaysontankroofsshouldbedemarcatedwithnon-slippaint)Minimizethetimerequiredtoworkontheroofbypre-planningtasksbeforeaccessingtheroofAlwaysholdthehandrailwhenclimbingandascendingthetankstairs