第二十二条军规解析.pptx

Catch-22Group members:周晓宇 张凡 黄思琪 胡明珠ContentsJoseph HellerBlack Humor in Chapter 5Catch-22Black HumorCharacter AnalysisJoseph HellerJoseph Heller(May 1,1923 December 12,1999)was an American satirical novelist,short story writer,and playwright.He is one of the leading writers of black humor literatureHis novels grew out of reality and reveals the excruciating dissident force in society.In 1961,he published the Catch-22 and became famous overnight.Other works:Something Happened 1974 Good as Gold 1979Catch-22Catch-22 is the representative work of the Black Humor,from Hellers personal experience of WWll.Defferent from other anti-war novel,Catch-22 is not noly the criticism of the war and the military bureaucracy(军事官僚制度)，but also the criticism of the growing absurdity(荒诞)in life.Catch-22“Catch-22”has entered the English lexicon to refer to a vicious circle where in an absurd,no-win choice,particularly in situations in which the desired outcome of the choice is an impossibility,and regardless of choice,a same negative outcome is a certainty.“第22条军规”一词现在已经是英语语言中的一个常用词，按美国新世界辞典的解释，该词的意思是“法律、规则或实践上的一个悖论，不管你做什么，你都会成为其条款的牺牲品”。Etymology(语源):title of a novel by Joseph Heller(1961),in which the main character feigns madness in order to avoid dangerous combat missions,but his desire to avoid them is taken to prove his sanity.Therefore,he still cannot escape from the combat missions.Black HumorBlack humor is a novel school rise in 1960s in America,holds an impoetant status in the western literature.The term black humor(from the French humour noir)was coined by the surrealist theoretician Andr Breton in his book Anthology of Black Humor in 1939.Black humor refers as much to the tone of anger and bitterness as it does to the grotesque(荒诞的)and morbid(病态的)situation,which often deals with suffering,anxiety and death.Black humor is a substantial element in the anti-novel and the Theater of the Absurd.Features of Black Humor:1.Comic way to express tragic situations2.Creation of anti-hero3.Illogical narrative structureBlack Humor are different from the traditional humor.Traditional humor bases on the optimism,which believes good will prevail over evil.Its laugh is relaxing and delightful.However,Black Humor bases on the pessimism,express tragic situations in comic way.Its laugh is bitter and forced.Black Humor in Chapter 51.“Youre wasting your time,”Doc Daneeka was forced to tell him.“Cant you ground someone whos crazy?”“Oh,sure.I have to.Theres a rule saying I have to ground anyone whos crazy.”“Then why dont you ground me?Im crazy.Ask Clevinger.”“Clevinger?Where is Clevinger?You find Clevinger and Ill ask him.”“Then ask any of the others.Theyll tell you how crazy I am.”“Theyre crazy.”“Then why dont you ground them?”“Why dont they ask me to ground them?”“Because theyre crazy,thats why.”Black Humor in Chapter 5“Of course theyre crazy,”Doc Daneeka replied.“I just told you theyre crazy,didnt I?And you cant let crazypeople decide whether youre crazy or not,can you?”Yossarian looked at him soberly and tried another approach.“Is Orr crazy?”“He sure is,”Doc Daneeka said.“Can you ground him?”“I sure can.But first he has to ask me to.Thats part of the rule.”“Then why doesnt he ask you to?”“Because hes crazy,”Doc Daneeka said.“He has to be crazy to keep flying combat missions after all the closecalls hes had.Sure,I can ground Orr.But first he has to ask me to.”Black Humor in Chapter 52.“Appleby,youve got flies in your eyes,”he whispered helpfully as they passed by each other in the doorway of the parachute tent on the day of the weekly milk run to Parma.“What?”Appleby responded sharply,thrown into confusion by the fact that Yossarian had spoken to him at all.“Youve got flies in your eyes,”Yossarian repeated.“Thats probably why you cant see them.”“Havermeyer,”he asked hesitantly.“Have I got flies in my eyes?”Havermeyer blinked quizzically.“Sties?”he asked.“No,flies,”he was told.Havermeyer blinked again.“Flies?”“In my eyes.”“You must be crazy,”Havermeyer said.“No,Im not crazy.Yossarians crazy.Just tell me if Ive got flies in my eyes or not.Go ahead.I can take it.”Black Humor in Chapter 5Doc Daneeka replied.“Catch-22.Anyone who wants to get out of combat duty isnt really crazy.”There was only one catch and that was Catch-22,which specified that a concern for ones own safety in the faceof dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind.Orr was crazy and could begrounded.All he had to do was ask;and as soon as he did,he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions.Orr would be crazy to fly more missions and sane if he didnt,but if he was sane he had to fly them.If he flew them he was crazy and didnt have to;but if he didnt want to he was sane and had to.Yossarian was moved very deeply by the absolute simplicity of this clause of Catch-22 and let out a respectful whistle.Character AnalysisCaptain John Yossarian He is a 28-year-old Captain and B-25 bombardier in the 256th Bombardment Squadron of the Army Air Corps,stationed on the small island of Pianosa off the Italian mainland during World War II.Yossarians exploits are based on the experiences of the author;Heller was also a bombardier in the Air Corps,stationed on an island off the coast of Italy during World War II.1Character AnalysisDr.Dan Daneeka He is the squadron flight surgeon and a friend of Yossarian.Doc Daneekas main motivation is for his own welfare,whether that be making money or protecting his own life.He generally forgets his moral duty as a physician except in the most extreme of circumstances.He is constantly scared of upsetting his superiors who may see fit to then ship him off to the far more dangerous South Pacific.Already he sees it as military cruelty to have been assigned to the Air Corps even though he is scared of flying.2Character Analysis3Chief White Halfoat An American Indian whose family was forced to move from wherever they settled because oil was always discovered.Thanks