英国文学史.pptx

Part IV The Renaissance 文艺复兴DefinitionvRenaissance means rebirth.It first occurred in Italy at the end of the 14th century and later covered Germany,France,Spain and Britain.It was in Britain that Renaissance reached its summit.Europe went through profound changes in every respect,namely,trade,politics,colonization,science,and art.The humanists proposed emancipation of individual and the fetter of church and humanism.Features vRenaissance of ancient Greek and Roman civilizationvRenaissance of knowledgevRenaissance of humanism movementMajor events v1485 the accession of Henry VII inaugurating age of the Tudor sovereignv1509 the accession of Henry VIIIv1517 Martin Luthers 95 Tenets,the beginning of religious Reformationv1534 Henry VIII acknowledged“supreme head on earth”v1557 Sir Thomas Wyatt introduced sonnets into Britainv1558 the accession of Queen Elizabeth Iv1576 the Grand Theater is built.v1588 defeat the Spanish Armadav1603 death of Elizabeth,the accession of James I,the Stuart Kingdom.Literature in this period Prose Thomas More Utopia 乌托邦 Francis Bacon Of Studies 论学习Poems Thomas Wyatt who introduced sonnets in Britain The Long Love that in My Thought 吾之深爱 Edmund Spenser The Fairy Queen 仙后vNovels John Lyly Eupheus 尤费斯 Thomas Lodge An Alarm against Usurer 剥削者的警告 Thomas Nashe Spring,the Sweet SpringvDrama Christopher Marlowe:greatest of the pioneers who reformed the genre and language and he made blank verse the main vehicle of expression The Passionate Shepherd to His Love 多情牧童致爱人Robert Green George Green,the Pinner of Wakefield 钉扣人Thomas Kyd:The Spanish TragedyThe Kinds of poetryvLyric poetry:short and expressed one incident,situation or emotion and intended to be sung and accompanied by the lyre song:short ode:longer and more dignified ballad:oral vEpic or heroic coupletvDramatic poetry(tragedy and comedy)vPastoral poetry:rural life,such as shepherd and their love and flocks and the harvestvElegy(epitaph):a lament told in metervDidactic poetry:to instruct in arts,morals or philosophy vSatire:to improve manners and promote virtue by voicevEpigram:a satirical short poemheroic coupletvA heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry,commonly used for epic and narrative poetry;it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines.The rhyme is always masculine.Use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer in the Legend of Good Women and the Canterbury Tales.Chaucer is also widely credited with first extensive use of iambic pentameter.The plot of poetryvCantovStanzavLine quatrains:four lines limerick:five lines sonnet:14 lines 1,2,5 in one rhyme3,4 in one rhymePetrachan or Italian sonnetabbaabba cdecde/cdccdc/cdedce)Shakespearan or English sonnet(abab cdcd efef gg)A limerick vThere was a young lady named WrightvWho could travel much farther than lightvShe started one dayvIn the ordinary wayvAnd came back the previous night Terms vBlank verse:a poem consists of lines in iambic pentameter which do not rhyme in the end of each line 无韵诗vFree verse：a poem which uses little or no conventional rhyme or meter 自由诗vRhyme:when two or more words have the same last vowel and consonant or consonant cluster,a rhyme occurs.It usually appears at the end of each line in a poem.vRhythm(meter):a regular and repetitive use of stressed and unstressed syllablesvAlliteration:the initial consonants are identical头韵 /m/ma/me and myvAssonance:repetition of the same vowel 母韵，半韵 /liv/wi/wil/live with willvConsonance:ending with the same consonants /liv/pru:v/和音vOnomatopoeia:the rhythm of a line imitates the sound of what is being described（拟声）the murmuring of the waterThe kinds of meter 韵律、格律v1.Iamb(iambic)1 unstressed and 1stressed)v vAnd palm to palm is holy palmers kissv2.Trochee(trochic）1 stressed and 1 unstressed)v .vMay thou months of rosy beautyv3 Anapest(anapetic):3 syllables,2 unstressed and 1 stressed抑抑扬格v .vWithout cause be he pleased,without cause .be he cross.v4 dactyl(dactilic)扬抑抑格vOne for the master,and one for the dame.vSpondee:2 stressed syllablesvPyrrhic:2 unstressed syllables v .vAnd a black gull bent like an iron bar slowlyS.T.Coleridges Metrical FeetTrochee trips from long to shortFrom long to long in solemn sortSlow spondee stalks;strong foot yet ill ableEver to come up with dactyl tri-syllableIambs march from short to longWith a leap and a bound the swift anapest throngThe kinds of foot vFoot:音步the units of meter is called foot,which usually contains two or three syllablesv1 monometer 6 hexameterv2 dimeter 7 heptameterv3 trimeter 8 octameterv4 tetrameter 9 nonameterv5 pentameter