课文内容解析课件.pptx

课文内容解析课件DeatialedstudyofthetextParagraph1WhatdoyouthinkoftheauthorschoiceofthesceneandthewordsinPara、1?Whatcanwelearn?Theauthorschoiceofadramaticsceneandthesimplewordsimpliesmuchmorethanwhatappearsonthesurface、Wecanseepovertyoftheplaceandunsanitaryconditionofthecity1)dirty2)poorParagraph1inacloud:alargenumberofsmallthingsmovingthroughtheairasamass、一团e、g、acloudoflocusts/insects那些汽车在滚滚尘埃中启动了。Thecarssetoffinacloudofdust、Paragraph2WhatcanwelearnbyreadingPara、2?HowdeadpeopleareburiedinMarrakech、Avividpictureofthepovertyoftheplace、Howdoestheauthorpresentthepicture?Throughafewstrokesofhismasterpenmournerswailingachant,corpseswrappedinapieceofrag,carriedonaroughwoodenbier,friendshackingashallowhole,dumpingthebodyinit,flingingsomedriedupearthoverit,nogravestoneThefactshowsthehumanlifehasnovalueatall、Paragraph2HowdoyouthinkoftheuseofsomewordsinPara、2?Theuseofwordslike“theflies”,“apieceofrag”,“roughwoodenbier”,repeatsforcefullythethemeofPara、1、Theuseofwordslike“hack,dump,fling,nogravestone,noname,noidentifyingmark,”indicatestheunceremoniouswayinwhichafuneraliscarriedout、InapoorcountrylikeMorocco,lifeischeap、Para、2Theburyinggroundismerelyahugewasteofhummockyearth,likeaderelictbuildinglot、Theburyinggroundisnothingmorethanahugepieceofwastelandfullofmoundsofearthlookinglikeadesertedandabandonedpieceoflandonwhichabuildingwasgoingtobeputup、CrowdItsuggests1)thelackoforder2)peoplearenotterriblyconcernedaboutthefuneral、allmenandboys,nowomenAccordingtoMuslimlaw,Muslimsmustrespectwomen,andforthisreasongirlsandwomenusedtobekeptinthehouse,wheretheycouldbesafe、Whentheywentout,theyworetheveilstocovertheirfaces、Butthislawhasbeeakindofexcusetodiscriminateagainstwomen、Paragraph3WhatisthethemeofPara、3?Heexposestheevilsofimperialism、Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact、Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonieslikeanimals(bynottreatingthepeopleinthecoloniesashumanbeings)、Itisthecolonialempiresthatmakethepeoplesopoor、Empiresarebuiltupbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonieslikeanimals、Thisthesisisgoingtobesupportedbymoreillustrationsandexamples、Howdoestheauthorachievehispurpose?Inacoolobjectivemannerinsteadofapreachy(说教得)andpropagandisticstyle、Neverthelessthereadercanseehisoutrageatthemiseryandsuffering、Paragraph3Howcanyouseehiscoolmanneranduncontrollableoutrage?Wecanseetheformerfromthestatementshemakesandthelatterfromastringofrhetoricalquestionsandbothfromhisuseofwords、theragstheystandupin:theragswhichtheyarewearingastheystandthereUndifferentiated:Youcantdifferentiateonebrownstufffromanother,becausetheylookjustthesame、Iftheydohaveindividuality,itisirrecognizable,justlikeinsects,likebees、TheyriseoutofthegraveyardTheyareborn、Thenforafewyearstheywork,toilandstarve、Finallytheydieandareburiedingraveswithoutaname、breakyourway:forceyourwayorpickyourway(becauseofthedensegrowthofthepricklypear)Para、3pricklypear:akindofcactuscoveredwithprickleshavingapearshapedfruit(仙人掌果)Whenoutforawalkpickingyourwaythrough the prickly pear,you might findthat the ground is bumpy、You realizethatyouarewalkingoverskeletons、Youknow they are graves only because thebumpsappearinanevenpattern、Paragraph3WhatisthetenseusedinthisPara、?Whatdoesitmean?Thesituationdescribedstillexists、Para、5mintsauce:anEnglishspecialitymadeofabinationofchoppedmintleaves,vinegar,andwater、Itstraditionallyservedwithroastlamb、Assoonasyoulookatthehindlegsofthegazelles,youwillthinkofthedeliciousmintsaucethatyouwouldwanttodipitinwheneatingit、Paragraph7Whatcanyoulearnfromtheemployeessituation?Orwhatistheauthorsintentionbehindthesentence“Thismanisanemployeeofthemunicipality”?Thepovertyofthepeople、Evenanemployedlaborergoesstarving,soyoucanimagineforyourselftheplightofthepoorerpeople、stowtoput,hideawayinsafeplaceIfyoustowsth、somewhere,youputitneatlyawayinaplacewhereitcanbekeptuntilitisneeded、=storestowaway=hidestowWestowedalltheboxesintheattic、Potatoesmustbestowedinacooldarkplace、Myjewelleryissafelystowedawayinthebank、Hisbaggagewassafelystowedawayintheplane、Paragraphs815WhatisthemainideaofPara、815?TheplightoftheJews,anoppressedminorityinacolonialcountry、Theirfatecouldbeworsethanthatofthenatives、Howdoestheauthorrealizehisidea?BydescribingJewscrowdedandunsanitarylivingcircumstances,badworkingconditions,frenziedrushandclamorforacigarette,andthenativeshostileattitudetotheJews、Para、8Quartersapartment(room/house)residentialareaforparticularkindofpeoplethedoctorsquartersservantsquartersofficersquarterssleepingquartersconfinedtoquartersPara、8ghettoesorghettos:Aghettoisapartofatownorcityinwhichmanypoorpeopleormanypeopleofaparticularrace,religion,ornationalityliveinisolationfromthemajoritygroupinthetownorcity、OrwellusesghettoshereinthetraditionalsenseofaportionofacitypopulatedalmostexclusivelybyJews、Aghettoalsoimpliesthatthepeopleinitarerestrictedonlytothatareaandarenotpermittedtoliveelsewhere、sore-eyedEyesareinfectedfrom1、malnutrition2、lackofmedicalcare3、unhygienicconditionPara、9Infest(oftenfollowedbywithorusedinbination)Wheninsects,ratsorotheranimalsinfestaplant,area,theyspreadinalargenumbersandcoverthearea,usuallycausingdamage、overrun;swarm;pack;crowd;teem;flood;fill;bethickwithThebackyardwasinfestedwithrats、watersinfestedwithsharksInfestusedwithsomenounstomakeadjectivesmeaningfullofsomethingharmfulorunpleasant:aratinfestedhouseacrimeinfestedcitysharkinfestedwatersflyinfestedfulloffliesParagraph9Acarpentersitscrossleggedataprehistoriclathe,turningchairlegsatlightningspeed、Sittingwithhislegscrossedandusingaveryoldfashionedlathe,acarpenterquicklygivesaroundshapetothechairlegsheismaking、warp:bend,curve,ortwistoutofshapeThehotsunwarpedtheboards、Somegramophonerecordswarpinveryhotweather、Para、9thanksto、outofshapeBecauseofsittinginafixedpositionovertheyears and because of using his left foot tocontrolthechiselwhileturningchairlegs,hisleftleghasbeedeformed、Para、10frenziedadj、fullofuncontrolledexcitementWillthispushhimtoofarandleadtoafrenziedattack?(疯狂攻击)Shewasclimbingnowwithasortoffrenziedhaste、(她这时带着一股疯狂劲头快速向上攀登)afrenziedmobofoverathousandbeggars(狂乱暴徒)makefrenziedefforts(拼命挣扎)self-contained-selfsufficientAselfcontainedmunityisoneinwhichallornearlyalltheneedsofthemunityaremetfromwithin、Thereislittleneedtogooutsideformaterialorculturaldesires、TheJewishghettosareselfcontainednotonlybypreferencebutalsobynecessity,sinceJewsmayhavebeenunweleoutside、self-contained1 a:pleteinitself:INDEPENDENTb:BUILTIN2 a:showingselfcontrolb:formalandreservedinmannerParagraph11Itsagoodjob(colloquialBrE、)Itsagoodthing(AmE、):Itisafortunatestateofaffairs,itisfortunate、Itisagoodjob/thingithappenedhereratherthanontheopenroad、AgoodjobHitlerwasnthereItwasluckyfortheJewsthatHitlerhadnotetothisplace、Ifhehad,theJewswouldhavebeenexterminatedastheywereinPolandandotherEuropeancountries、Thatsonlyforshow!TheJewonlypretendstoworkasapoorlabourer、shown、sthfalseorsuperficial,pretenceHis public expressions of grief are nothing but show、她公开表示悲痛只不过就是做做样子而已、她得自我批评不就是摆样子得。Hisselfcriticismwasnotmadeforshow、asquaremeal:adecentsubstantialmealpunishments for being a witchHangingwasthemostpopularinAmerica、InEurope,mostpeopleaccusedofwitchcraftwereburnedatthestake、Therewereseveraloddpunishments,suchasbeingpressedtodeath,(havinglargestonesplacedonthechesttowithdrawaconfession),peopleweretiedupandthrownintolakes,(iftheyfloatedtheywereawitch,iftheydidnttheywereinnocent,butdrownedanyway),theyweretorturedwithhotirons,(mainlytothebottomsofthefeet),theywerestretched,hungupsidedown,stuckwithneedles,andshovedinironmaidens、Witcheswereeventorturedintheirdeaths,notaffordedaquickandsanitarydemise,themajorityofwitcheswereburntatthestake,thoughagreatmanywerestrangledorgarrotedbeforeburning、Thistorturousdeath,inBritain,wasusedonlyforwomenwhomittedoneofthetwomostunforgivableacts,treasonorwitchcraft、InhisSalem Witchcraft,W、F、PooleestimatesthedeathtollofwitchesinEuropeduringthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturiesisabout200,000、Thewitchhuntsweresorampant,MontagueSummersreportsinhisGeography of Witchcraft,Intheyear1586thedioceseofTrierwassoscouredandpurgedofsorcerersandwitchesthatintwovillagesonlytwowomenwereleftalive、WitchcraftOrwellisprobablyreferringtomanyoccasionsinthe1600sinbothEnglandandAmericawheninnocentwomenweretriedandoftenburnedorotherwisepunishedforwitchcraft、Bytheverynatureofthechargeitwasimpossiblefortheaccusedtodefendherself,justasitwasfortheJews、AndliketheJews,witchesservedasscapegoatsfortheillsofsocietythatcouldntbeexplained、SuchtrialsreachedtheirpeakinAmericaatSalem,Massachusetts、InjustthesamewayasquaremealJewswerenowbeingcondemnedbyprejudiceandignoranceassomepooroldwomenwhocouldnotevengetthemselvesadecentmealwerecondemnedandburnedforwitchcraft、Paragraphs1618WhatisdescribedinPara1618?ThehardworkingbutinvisiblepeopleanddifficultcultivationofthepoorsoilWhattonedoestheauthoruseinPara16and17?Bitterandironic、Insteadofopenlyblamingthewhitecolonialistswhodonotpaytheleastattentiontothepeoplewhosufferfrompovertyandhungerandmisery,hepretendsthattheyhaveasoundreasontoignoresuchpeoplewhosimplycannotbeseenbecausetheyareofthecolorofearth、InahotcountryYoudontevenseethelabourerploughingthefield、SouthofGibralterallcountriesorareainNorthAfricaEastofSuezthemiddleeastAsiancountrieschancesare:itislikelythat;inallprobability;probably大概就是,很可能就是Chancesareshesalreadyheardthenews、可能她已经知道这消息了。很可能她要来、Thechancesarethatshellbeing、InatropicallandscapeoneseyetakesineverythingexceptthehumanbeingsIfyoutakealookatthenaturalsceneryinatropicalregion,youseeeverythingbutthehumanbeings、Para、17Itisonlybecauseofthis“This”herestandsforthefactthatpeoplealwaysmissthepeasantslabouringinthefieldsbecausetheyhavethecolouroftheearth、Itisonlybecauseofthisreasonthatthesepoorstarvedcountriesareacceptedastouristresorts、Paragraph17NoonewouldthinkofrunningcheaptripstotheDistressedAreas:Noonewouldthinkoforganizingcheaptripsforthetouriststovisitthepoorslumareas(forthesetripswouldnotbeinteresting)、WhatdoesMoroccomean、MoroccobeingaFrenchcolony,tomanyFrenchmenMoroccohasnomoremeaningthanaplacewheretheymightfindagovernmentjob,buyanorangegrovewiththeirmoneyorinvesthismoney、ToanEnglishmanMoroccomeansnothingbutaromantic,mysteriouscountrywhichhehasreadinthenovels、Camels,castlesaretheromanticbitsinhismindbythenovels、forninetenthsofthepeopletherealityoflifeisanendlessbackbreakingstruggletowringalittlefoodoutofanerodedsoil:lifeisveryhardforninetypercentofthepeople、Withhardbackbreakingtoiltheycanproducealittlefoodonthepoorsoil、Orwellisverycleverlyrevealinginthesetwoparagraphstherealinnerworkingsofthecolonialistsmentality、Suchpeopletaketheirownpresumedsuperioritysomuchforgrantedanditssodeepwithinthemthattheyliterallydontevenseethewretchedpeopleofthethirdworldandaresoinsensitivethattheyactuallytreatthosecountriesastouristresortswheretheyvacationandenjoythemselvesoblivioustothesufferingallaroundthem、erodewearaway;eatintoIfrockorsoilerodesoriserodedbytheweather,seaorwind,itcracksandbreakssothatitisgraduallydestroyed、Rainandriverserodedthesoftsandstones、Para、18Desolatebarren;(ofaplace)inaruinedandneglectedstate1、aplacethatisdesolateisemptyandlookssadbecausetherearenopeoplethereAfterthewarthetownwasadesolateplace、2、someonewhoisdesolatefeelsverysadandlonelyShehasbeendesolatesincelosingherjob、v、Thelandwasdesolatedbyfloods、Weweredesolatedbythedeathofourgoodfriend、Para、18ThisisasmuchequaltoTheanimalsyokedtotheploughhadjustenoughstrengthtoploughthesoiltoadepthofaboutfourinches、Theycouldnotmakedeeperfurrows、getattoreachMarrakechisverydry、Evenatadepthof30or40feetthereisonlybutatrickleofwater、Para、1920MiserablelifeofoldwomenThewriterisdescribingobjectivelythephysicalappearanceoftheoldwoman,yethisangeresthrough、Noticehischoiceofwords、(old;mummified;tiny;shrinktothesizeofchildren;reducedtobones;leatheryskin;bentdouble)Paragraph19IsupposethatTheauthorgavetheoldwomanalittlemoney、Theresponsewasashrillwailforshewasgreatlysurprised、Theoldwomanwasfullyaccustomedtohermiserableexistenceandtonotbeingtakennoticeofbyanyone,soshealmostconsideredtheauthortobedoingsomethingunnaturalbygivingherthemoney、Sheacceptedherstatusasanoldwoman,thatistosayasabeastofburden:Shetookitforgrantedthatasanoldwomanshewasthelowestinthemunity,thatshewasonlyfitfordoingheavyworklikeananimal、para、20Whydoestheauthorexpatiateonthemiserablefateofthedonkeys?Toarousethereaderssympathyandanger、Aretheiranysimilaritiesbetweenthedonkeysandtheoldwomen?Whatarethey?DonkeyandWomanBothareoverloaded、Botharewillingcreatures、Botharesmall、Bothareilltreated、Bothhaveanmiserableend、parisonAretheiranysimilaritiesbetweenthedonkeysandthenativepeople?Whatarethey?BothareobedientBotharedevoted(despitecrueltreatment)Bothhaveanmiserableend、(donkeythrowntothedogs,humansthrownintoanamelessgrave、Para、21DonkeyandWoman/humansVisibleInvisibleImplicationWomen/humansareworsetreated、ContrastPara、20Infuriatev、fillwithfuryorrageoutrage;aggravate;enrage;provokePara、20whereupon(formal)usedwhensomethinghappensimmediatelyaftersomethingelse,orasaresultofsomethinghappeningShe refused to hand over her money,whereupon there was a fight、她瞧到我来,于就是把座位让给了我。He saw me ing,whereupon he offered me his seat、Paragraph21Peoplewithbrownskinsarenextdoortoinvisible:Peoplewithbrownskinsarealmostinvisiblenext door to:Shesintheroomnextdoortoherparents、她住在她父母隔壁得那个房间。Heisnextdoortoanidiot、她简直就是个白痴。这病人差不多要死了。Thesickmanwasnextdoortodeath、Paragraphs2226WhatisthemainideaofPara2226?Degradation/humblenessofthenativepeopleHowdoestheauthorputforwardhisidea?Byacontrastbetweenthesoldiers(infantry)andthestorksandaparisonbetweenthesoldiers(infantry)andcattlethesoldiersandthestorksThepassiveplodding,earthboundblackssouthward)arecontrastedwiththeglitteringwhitebirds(theirwhitemasters;northward)sogreat,pureandloftywhosailabovetheminthesky、Whiletheformerareweigheddownbyheavypacks,aresweatingandunfortablyhot,thelatterarefreetosoarunfetteredinthecoolskyabove、Symbolwhitebird/scrapsofpapersymbolicoffreedomthesoldiersandcattleThesoldiers:passiveplodding,earthbound,weigheddownbyheavypacks,sweating,unfortablyhot,likecattlewhodonotaskingquestionsandfollowtheirmastersblindlyParagraphs2226Descriptionoftheblacktroopsingeneralandoneblacksoldierindividually、Itwontbelongforthewhitepeopletokeeptheseblackpeopleinignorance、clumpandclatteronomatopoeiawordsdescribingthesoundofbootsandironwheelsastheymovedovertheroad、Paragraph22TheirsplendidbodieswerehiddeninreachmedownkhakiuniformsTheSenegalesesoldierswerewearingreadymadekhakiuniformswhichhidtheirbeautifulwellbuiltbodies、reachmedown:(BrE、colloquial)secondhandorreadymadeclothes、handmedown(AmE、)Isawhowitwas、Iunderstandthereasonwhy、ThisistheresultofcolonizationPara、24Thiswretchedboy、Thismiserableblackboyis,asaresultofthecolonizationofhiscountry,aFrenchcitizen、Thereforehehasbeenforcedtoleavehishomeintheforestandetoagarrisontownwherehehastodohardlaboursuchasscrubbingfloorsforthewhitesandwherehewillcatchsyphilis、Howeverthisboy,insteadofhatingthewhites,hasdeeprespectforthem、Paragraph25inthis/thatconnection(formal):whilespeakingofsuchthings;inthiscase、Whilespeakingofsuchthings(whilespeakingoftheonethoughtwhicheverywhitemanthinks)Itisthe100thanniversaryofhisdeath、Weherearehavingverygreatcelebrationsinthisconnection、Itdoesntmattertwo