16种时态及语态总结-共3页.pdf

时态语态总结时态语态总结说明：说明：1.英语有 16 种时态，其中常见的有 10 种；2.一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时四种基本时态均有被动语态。3.现在进行时、过去进行时有被动语态，而将来进行时和过去将来进行现在现在过去过去将来将来过去将来过去将来一般一般一般现在时Do；does一般过去时Did一般将来时will do；be going to过去将来时would do被动语态被动语态Be doneWas/were doneWill be doneBe going to be doneWould be done进行进行现在进行时be doing过去进行时was/were doing将来进行时will be doing过去将来进行时Would have done被动语态被动语态Am/is/are being donewas/were being done无被动语态无被动语态完成完成现在完成时Have/has done过去完成时had done将来完成时will have done过去将来完成时Would have done被动语态被动语态Have/has been donehad been done很少使用被动语态很少使用被动语态完成进行完成进行现在完成进行时Have/has been doing过去完成进行时Had been doing将来完成进行时Will/shall have been doing过去将来完成进行时Would have been doing被动语态被动语态无被动语态无被动语态无被动语态无被动语态时没有被动语态。4.现在完成时、过去完成时有被动语态，将来完成时和过去将来完成时很少用于被动结构。5.完成进行时均没有被动语态（包括现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来完成进行时、过去将来完成进行时）。注意：填充单元格为不常用时态。用法及举例：1.一般时态的被动语态一般时态的被动形式都由“助动词 be+过去分词”构成(动作发生时间由 be 表现出来)(1)一般现在时的被动语态In China,the railways are owned by the state.在中国，铁路是国有的。They are asked to shoulder the costs of the repair.要求他们承担这笔修理费。The new drug began to operate not long after it is taken.这种新药服用后不久就会开始见效。(2)一般过去时的被动语态：Each couple was asked to complete a form.要求每对夫妇填一张表。The thief was handed over to the police.这个小偷已经送交派出所了。He was admitted into the club as a member.他被接纳为俱乐部的会员。(3)一般将来时的被动语态：The hotel will be closed during repairs.那家饭店在整修期间将停业。Light refreshments will be served after the meeting.会议之后有简单茶点招待。If you dont give care to your work,you will be fired.如果你不细心工作，你会被解聘的。(3)过去将来时的被动语态：He knew he would be punished for it.他知道他会为此受到惩罚。They were afraid the city would be bombarded.他们担心城市会受到轰击。He hoped that he would be assigned a more suitable job.他希望能分配他更合适的工作。2.进行时态的被动语态进行时态的被动形式都由“助动词 be+being+过去分词”构成：(1)现在进行时的被动语态：He is being treated with a new drug.他正在接受一种新药的治疗。The studio is being wired for sound.这个播音室正在安装音响设备用的电线。The search for a cure for this frequent disease is being funded by the government.政府正提供资金以探索这种多发病的治疗方法。(2)过去进行时的被动语态：The baby was being nursed at its mothers breast.孩子正在母亲怀中吃奶。A football match was being played nearby.附近正在举行一场足球赛。The road was being repaired.We had to make a detour.正在修路，我们得绕行。3.完成时态的被动语态完成时态的被动形式都以“has(have,had)+been+过去分词”构成：(1)现在完成时的被动语态：Everything has been fixed in advance.一切都已预先安排好 了。The island has been ruined by tourism.该岛被旅游业给毁了。Many words have been added to this edition of the dictionary.本词典的这一版里新增加了很多词。(2)过去完成时的被动语态：It was the first time he had been bitten by a dog.这是他第一次被狗咬。She was disturbed to hear you had been injured in the accident.她听到你在事故中受了伤感到不安。He resigned his post because he had been offered a better job.他辞去了职务，因为他得到了一份更好的工作。