高考英语之概要写作技巧.doc

高考英语之概要写作技巧
How to write a summary?
1 随着2017上海英语高考新增加summary writing版块，大家也越来越多地开始关注“概要写作”，为2018高考做好准备。今天，我们将从学习和教学的角度来谈谈“概要写作”。
Whatis a summary?
通常，Summary 的定义如下：A summary is a written, shortened version of a piece of writing in which you use your wording to express the main ideas. (Lee Brandon, Kelly Brandon, 2014)
解读概要写作就是用自己的语言概括原文的主旨大意和核心信息。其中，关键词是：main ideas, shortened version, your wording，强调用“自己的语言”说出“主旨”。其实，summary writing 中不仅仅包括主旨，也应该包含文中最主要的核心信息。
How to write a summary?
英语强调学习过程，所以summary writing也不例外。我们可以将summary writing分为两个环节：before you write a summary 以及when you write a summary. 并可以大致细化为以下步骤：
●Before you write a summary
1. Read the entire text and ask yourself what the author’s purpose is.
2. Reread the introductory paragraph(s) and find the thesis statement.
3. Reread the rest of the text. In each paragraph, highlight, underline, or circle the main idea and key points.You can also annotate the important information.
● When you write a summary
1. Begin by stating the title of the text, the author’s full name (if it’s given), and his or her purpose for writing.
2. Use the text you highlighted or annotated to explain the author’s thesis and main ideas.
3 Remember to:
■ keep the summary short (about one-third to one-fourth as long as the original).
■ include only the original text’s main ideas. Do not include details, examples, information that is not in the original, or your own opinion.
■ write the summary mostly in your own words but do not change the author’s ideas. (This is called paraphrasing.)
解读
1、内容：除了文章的标题和作者之外，主旨和核心信息必不可少。如何概括主旨以及提取核心信息这又是一个新话题了，牵涉到学生的对文本主旨的把握、对文章结构的理解、对核心细节的甄别等，在之后的have a try当中，大家可以体会一下。
2、语言：必须是你自己的语言(your wording)。即，你必须通过paraphrase的方式用自己的语言进行概要写作。如果一定要用到原文的句子，必须使用quotation mark（“引号”）表示引用。
3、长度：Lee Brandon和Kelly Brandon (2014) 认为summary 应该是原文的1/3到1/4之间，Debra Daise（2016）等人认为：Reduce the length of the original by about two-thirds, although the exact reduction will vary, depending on the content of the original. 所以summary的长度大约就应该在原文的1/3左右。
Have a try
下面的活动设计有很多Scaffolding（脚手架）帮你完成，感受一下summary writing的写作过程吧。
Summarize the following passage.
Preparing for Your First Job Interview
By Jim Sweeny
You’ve just graduated from school. Now comes the scary part: interviewing for your first job. For many recent graduates, this is an anxiety-provoking time. However, there are some simple ways to prepare for this challenging experience.
First, you should make a list of the questions you might be asked. In many job interviews, you have to answer questions about your academic experience and how it has prepared you for the job. For example, you might be asked to discuss how your participation in student government or sports has given you experience working on a team. You will, of course, also be asked how your experience and talents fit with the company’s goals.
Once you’ve got your question, you should then think about possible answers and practice responding to them. Employers will expect you to talk in detail about your experience and use examples. Make sure that your answers describe particular situations you faced, the actions you took and the results you achieved. Once you’ve got your responses, try practicing on your friends or family members. This will make you feel comfortable speaking in front of a person.
Finally, don’t get discouraged if you aren’t hired the first, second, or third time you interview. Think of every interview as practice for the most important one: the interview that will get you a job.
（222 words）
# 如果觉得一下子有困难，不妨先尝试思考并回答以下问题。
1. What is the author’s purpose for writing the text?
A. He’s describing his first job interview experience.
B. He’s comparing and contrasting two interviewing styles.
C. He’s explaining how to get ready for a job interview.
2. What is the thesis statement?
3. What are the two main ideas that support the thesis statement?
4. In the last paragraph, how does the author conclude the article?
A. He restates the article’s main points.
B. He makes a final suggestion.
C. He makes a prediction about the future.
如果如果你回答了以上问题，你已经对原文的main idea和 key information有了大致了解，动手写概要，八九不离十了。
# 写概要的时候，下面的checklist或许还可以帮你反思并规范内容。

Your summary…

1. presents the originaltext’stitle.
Yes □ No □
2. presents the author’s full name.
Yes □ No □
3. presents the author’s purpose for writing.
Yes □ No □
4. identifies the thesisstatement.
Yes □ No □
5. identifies all of the text’s main ideas.
Yes □ No □
6. selects the key information in the text.
Yes □ No □
7. does not include details or other information not in the text.
Yes □ No □
8. is mostly written in your own words.
Yes □ No □
9. is clear and easy to follow.
Yes □ No □

如果你实在懒得写，你就根据上面的
checklist对下面两篇同伴作品做一个判断吧~
Which of the following two summaries is better? Why?
Summary 1
In the essay “Preparing for Your First Job Interview,” author Jim Sweeny gives advice to recent graduates who are interviewing for their first job. Specifically, he says that there are things they can do to prepare for the interview. First, Sweeny tells students that they should make a list of questions they might be asked. These questions are usually about how a person s school experience relates to the job he or she is applying for. Then Sweeny says that students should prepare answers to the questions and practice responding to them, and he explains a way to do this. In conclusion, he tells students not to get discouraged by the interviewing process.
Summary 2
In the essay “How to Prepare for Your First Interview,” author Sweeny gives advice to recent graduates who are interviewing for their first job. He says that looking for a first job is stressful, but there are ways to prepare for an interview. Sweeny says that students should be prepared to answer questions about their school experience and how it relates to the job they are applying for. In fact, the questions I was asked at my first interview were about my school activities. In conclusion, he tells students not to get discouraged by the interviewing process.

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