高中常见的熟词生义(高考必备).docx

英语《考试说明》附录中部分熟词生义词学习一览表
序号
单 词
熟 义
生 义
学 习 要 点
1
across
横过; 越过
1、到、在对面
(adv/prep)
He lives across the street、她住在街对面。
the house across the street 街道对面得房子
2、宽(adv)

The river is 50 metres across、 河宽50米。
The tree measures 50 cm across、
2
add
增加,加起来
接着说,
补充说
I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result、我还要补充说一下,我们对测试结果表示满意。
3
address
地址;住址(n)

1、演说; 正式讲演
an address of wele欢迎词
2、对、、、讲演或发表演说(vt)
address a meeting向大会发表演说
address the whole nation 向全国发表演说
addressed me in low tones、低声与我交谈
3、称呼;用特殊得头衔称呼
How shall I address you? 我应当怎样称呼您呢? Don't address me as ‘boss’、 不要叫我“老板”。
4、写姓名地址(vt)

address the letter /envelope 在信上写地址
The envelope is addressed to Jack Johnson, Esq、 信封上写着杰克·约翰逊先生收。
4
admit
承认
1、准许进入

This ticket admits two people to the football match、 这张票可供两人入场瞧足球赛。
be admitted to /into Beijing University
被北京大学录取
2、接[容]纳;容许
The cinema admits about 2000 people、这座电影院大约可坐 2000 人。The rules and regulations admit of no other explanation、 这些规章制度不容许有其她解释。His illness admits of no delay、她得病不容拖延。
5
afford
担负得起费用
抽得出(时间)
He can't afford an hour for lunch、她抽不出一小时吃午饭I can't afford three weeks away from work、我无法丢下工作三星期。
6

against
反对, 逆着, 倚靠着,
1、 与…成对照

against a dark background 与黑色背景成对照; The picture looks better against the light wall、 这幅画挂在浅色得墙上显得更美。
2、防备;防御

against the cold 防冷against a rainy day 防备雨天We are all taking medicine against the flu、我们都在服药预防流感。be prepared against war and natural disasters备战备荒
7
air
空气,天空
1、 发表(意见等)
air one's views发表意见
使通风, 使通气
She aired the room by opening the window、 她打开窗子使房间通风。
8
allow
允许,准许
给予;使得到

allowed him ￡1000 for expenses
给她每年1000 英镑得开销
容许(of)

allow of no excuse不容辩解The situations allow of no excuse、形势不容许拖延; 形势刻不容缓。
体谅; 考虑到;顾及(for)
We must allow for his youth、我们应当体谅她年轻。
酌留;预计

allow 10% for inflation 允许10%得通货膨胀
allow 15 minutes for delay 预留15分钟以防耽搁
9
alone
单独地, 独自地
[用在名词或代词之后]只有, 唯有, 仅仅
Smith alone knew what happened、 只有史密斯知道发生了什么事。 The key alone will open the door、 只有这把钥匙能开这个门。
10
attend
出席,参加
侍侯,照应,与on/ upon 连用)
attend the very sick patients 照应重病人
attend on / upon a very sick man
处理、料理(与to 连用)
attend to the problem

11
beat
连续击打, 揍
击败,战胜(用于比赛中)
beat sb at the table tennis match

规律性地拍击
to beat a drum 击鼓The heart beats、 心脏跳动。My pulse beats normally、我脉搏正常。
搅拌
to beat eggs 打鸡蛋
1、 鼓(翼)
The bird beat its wings、 鸟扑打翅膀。
12
beyond
超出、超过
[表示范围, 限度]
1、 除…以外
[常用于否定句与疑问句]
asked for nothing beyond peace and quiet、除平安与平静外一无所求

晚于、迟于、、、, 到、、、以后
Don't stay there beyond midnight、
不要过了午夜还留在那儿。
在[向]、、、得那边, 在、、、之外
The road is beyond that hill、路在山得那一边。
Just beyond the fence、就在篱笆那边
13
block
(大)块;(大)片;街区

1、 阻塞; 堵住,阻挡(vt)
The police have blocked the road、 警察已经封锁了道路。block out light阻挡光线
trees that block the view
2、 障碍物;阻塞(n)
a block in the pipes 管道阻塞
to put up a road block 设置路障
14
book
书
预定
You'll have to book up early、 您要早一点订座。 The secretary has booked the manager in at the Hilton Hotel、
秘书已经在希尔顿大酒店为经理预定了房间。
15
build
建造, 建筑
体格;体型
We’re of the same build、我们体型相同
a man of strong build体格健壮得人
16
business
商业, 买卖, 交易, 生意,
商店,商行

He has a business in the town、 她在城里有一家商店。run / operate/ manage a business
营业
in business; on business
职责;本分

It's a teacher's business to make children learn、
使学生学习就是老师得责任。
事情, 事物
Mind your own business、
It’s none of your business、
17
capital
首都, 首都得
1、 资本;资金;
资方;
The Smith pany has a capital of ＄ 30、000、史密斯公司有3万美元得资本。
2、大写字母
大写得(字母)
capital letters 大写字母
Write your name in capitals、
用大写字母写您得名字。
18
charge
收费,索价(vt)
费用(n)
主管,负责
1、 指控(v /n)

He was charged with stealing a car、 她被指控偷了一辆汽车。(charge sb、 with sth ; 类似 accuse sb、 of sth)
a charge of stealing 偷窃罪得指控
2、猛冲;攻击;向前冲

The boy charged into the room、 男孩冲进屋里。Suddenly the wild animal charged at us、突然那头野兽朝我们冲过来。
Charge the enemy向敌人发起冲锋
3、充电、装(满), 装料,
charge a gun with powder
用火药填满炮
19
coin
硬币
1、造币;铸币

The government has decided to coin more one-yuan pieces、 政府决定再铸造一些一元得硬币。coin gold、铸造金币
2、杜撰设计(新单词或短语)
Do not coin terms that are intelligible to nobody、 不要生造谁也不懂得词语。
3、coin (adj、) 投币式得(操作需要一块或多块金属币得);自助式得
a coin washing machine、
投币洗衣机
20
collect
、收集
1、收(租, 税, 帐等); 募(捐)
collect the electricity fee收取电费。collect taxes、收税collect (raise) money 募集资金
2、领取(信件等);接走(人、物)

Today it is his turn to collect the children from school in the munity、
今天该轮到她把孩子们从社区学校接回去。
3、使镇静;集中(思想等)
The old lady tried to collect her thoughts but she was too excited、"老太太力图镇定下来,但就是太激动了。"Before you begin to make a speech, you should collect your thoughts and ideas、在您开始讲话之前,您应当集中您得思想与意念。collect one's emotions、镇定情绪collect oneself心平气与, 平心静气, 镇定一下
21
pany
公司,
1、 陪伴、伴侣

He kept me pany、 她陪伴我。in the pany of在、、、陪同下I had no pany on the journey、 我在旅行中没有同伴。
22
content
n、内容, 容量, 目录, 满足(to one's heart's content心满意足
adj、满足得, 满意得, 愿意
1、 使…满意或满足vt、

Nothing contents her, she is always plaining、 没有什么能使她满意,她总就是抱怨。contented himself with one piece of cake、(她)吃了一块蛋糕非常地满足
2、含量
the content of silver in a ton of ore
一吨矿砂中银得含量
23
corner
角落, (街道)拐角处,
把…难住;使走投无路
The dog cornered the rat、
狗把老鼠逼到一个角落。
24
count
数数, 计算
(count down
倒计时)
1、依靠,依赖(on)
You can count on my help、您可以依赖我得帮助
2、 认为;视为;瞧作
count it an honor (to do sth、) (把做某事)引以为荣
3、有价值;重要;有用
Every second counts、 每一秒钟都很重要。
You really count with me、对我来说您确实很重要
25
cover
盖子, 封面
覆盖
1 占(时间或空间)
)The town covers 5 square miles、 小镇占地5平方英里。
2、 走完(一段路程)
I want to cover 100 miles by dark、 我想在天黑之前走完100英里
3、 行新闻采访
cover a fire for a newspaper 为报纸采访失火得新闻
4、 够付(费用)
足以抵补［补偿
These expenses are covered by the state、 这些费用都由国家负担。cover the loss弥补损失
5、包括;包含;论及
The review covered everything we learned last term、 这次复习包括上学期我们所学得全部课程。
6、瞧完(多少页书)
cover fifty pages in 15 minutes
26
crazy
疯狂得;精神错乱得;蠢得
着迷得;狂热得
She's crazy about dancing、 她热衷于跳舞。
be crazy about [over]热衷于, 醉心于 ;爱上, 迷恋着补充:like crazy [mad] [口]发疯似地; 拼命地; 猛烈地They were running around like crazy、她们拚命地跑着
27
date
日期
起始于(某时期); 属于(某时期)
date back to / date from
男女之间得)约会; 约会得对象;与…约会
She is my date、她跟我有约会。have a date with sb、/date with sb、

28
develop
发展, 形成,研制,开发
冲洗(胶片、相片等)
develop films /photos冲洗胶卷
29
draw
画图
吸引;拉;抽;
平局(vi、 vt、 & n)
draw a curtain across a window 把窗帘拉上
draw a sword拔出刀draw water from the well
从井中把水抽出来draw a lesson吸取教训
draw 20dollars from the bank从银行提取20美元draw a conclusion引出、得出结论
draw one's attention(to …)引起某人注意…
The street accident drew a big crowd、
马路上得事故吸引了一大群人。
The game was drawn、比赛打成了平局。
The teams draw、 两队不分胜负。
The game ended in a draw、 比赛不分胜负 (平局;不分胜负)
30
due
与to 连用
due to …
因为;由…引起;由于
1、预定到达
Their plane is due in 15 minutes、 她们得飞机预定在15分钟后到达
预期得
Your report is due tomorrow、 您得报告应于明天交。
2、(票据等)到期得,应付给得
a bill due today 今天应付款得帐单
When is the rent due? 房租应于何时支付。
3、应有得,应得得,正当得
give due consideration to 给于应有得考虑
A great deal of money is due to you、
这一大笔款就是您应得得。
31
employ
雇用
1、 使[采、利]用

employ force 使用武力
Why didn't you employ the new method?
您们为什么不采用那个新方法呢?
She employs her time wisely、她善于利用时间。(employ、、、 as把、、、用作)
32
enter
进入; 加入;登录,
[计]回车
使进[加]入
enter (oneself[sb、]) for(替、、、)报名参加
写下或输入
We entered our names in the guest book; 我们在来客名薄上写下姓名;enter the data into the puter、把数据输入电脑
33
equal
平等得;相等得; 等于(vt)
1、胜任得

John is quite equal to the job of running the office、约翰很能胜任主理这个办事处得工作。
2、比得上(vt)
None of us can equal her、 没人比得上她。
34
exercise
练习;锻炼(v / n)
运用(权力)等(v / n)
exercise one’s right 运用自己得权利
exercise one’s intelligence to solve the problem。运用智慧解决问题
35
exploit
剥削(v)
开发, 开采
exploit a mine开矿to exploit the oil under the sea 开发海底石油
利用(v)
exploit every opportunity
利用每一个机会
36
express
表达, 表示
1、快速得;快递得
an express train

2、快车(= express train)
快递服务;快件服务
the No、 12 special express to Beijing
开往北京得12 次特快
3、快速地;用快递方式地adv
to sent the parcel express 包裹寄快件
37
fair
公平得
(adj、)
(肤色)白皙得, (头发)金黄得(天气)晴朗得
fair skin、白皙得皮肤fair hair、金发
fair skies、晴朗得天空
集市 商品展览会;商品交易会
village fair农村集市trade fair商品交易会
industrial fair工业博览会
adv
公平地;公正诚实地
You must play fair、
您必须公正处事。您必须公平地比赛。
38
figure
数字, 人像;画像; 图图表
人物

the great figures of history 历史上得伟大人物
领会, 懂得

We must figure out how to solve the problem、
我们必须想出解决这个问题得办法。
I couldn't figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was、我想不出那位戴墨镜得夫人就是谁。(figure out算出;了解)
He figured the whole scheme at once、她马上就懂得了整个计划。
推测, 判断, 估计
I figure he'll be back soon、
我估计她很快会回来。
2、步行
We'll foot it、我们将步行去。
2、与、、、 时常交往
I know him, but I don't frequent him much、我认识她, 但不常往来。
39
game
比赛, 游戏, 竞赛, [复]运动会
猎物,野味(不可数)
Lions and elephants are called big game when they are hunted、被追捕得狮与象称为大猎物。
40
gift
赠品, 礼物,
天赋, 才能
He has a gift for poetry、 她有做诗得天赋。
a man of many gifts 多才多艺得人
41
grade
等级;级别;年级
1、成绩;分数
He always got high grades in school、
她在学校里总就是得高分。
2、分等,分级(vt、)
to grade the cotton 给棉花分等
These apples have been graded according to size and quality、这些苹果已经按照大小与质量分了等级。

补充:He graduated in history、 她毕业于历史专业。
He graduated with honors、

她以优异成绩毕业。
He was [has been] graduated from Oxford in the class of 1978、
她就是牛津大学1978届毕业生。(授予学位, 准予毕业)
42
hold
拿着,握着召开,举行;
使身体保持某种姿势
Hold yourself still、 身体不要动。
抑制;控制
to hold one's breath 屏住气
容纳;装

The room can hold twenty people、 这屋子可容下20个人。How much water does the jug hold?那罐子能盛多少水?
占有占据;坚守
to hold a position 坚守阵地
拥有,持有(金钱、土地、职位等)

hold an important position at the bank、 在这家银行里担任一个重要得职务。
My husband and I hold conflicting opinions on this matter、"对于这件事,我与丈夫得意见相左。
保持;继续

"Hold the line, please、"请不要挂断电话机!
Do you think the good weather can hold?您认为好天气能持续下去吗?
认为,以为

I hold it for certain、我以为那就是确实得。
We hold that no country should interfere in the internal affairs of other countries、我们认为一国不应干涉她国得内政。
hold … to be…
拘留,扣留

held the suspect for questioning、拘留嫌疑犯以待审讯
2、熟悉
She has a good knowledge of London、
她对伦敦得情形很熟悉。
43
land
陆地; 土地,(使)登陆, (使)登岸,(使)着陆;

国家
war between lands
国与国之间得战争
捕(鱼)
抓住或钓上(鱼)
land a big catfish、
钓上一条大鲇鱼
(非正式)搞到,捞到,获得,取得
land a well-paid job; 找到一份收入很高得工作land a contract with a Japanese firm
揽到一份与一家日本公司得合同
44
late
迟得, 晚(期)得(adj/ adv)
1、已故得
前任得

the late doctor已故得医生
the late president前任总统
the late government 上届政府
his late wife 她已亡故得妻子
2、新近得,最近得
the late news最近得新闻
the late earthquake最近得地震
3、不久前、新近(adv)
I saw Mr、 Wang as late as yesterday、
就在昨天我还瞧见过王先生。

补充:1、of late近来feel better of late、最近感觉好多了2、latest(late得最高级): 最后得、最近得、最新得 latest news
at (the ) latest至迟、最迟3、later (on) 以后、后来
45
last
最后得,最末得; 紧接前面得;刚过去得(adj)
最后(得人、东西);
最后,上次

1、vi、
持续, 延续, 维持; 耐久
The festival lasted two days、节日持续了两天。
This cloth lasts well、这种布很耐穿。
2、够用、使得以维持(vt)
The food will last us another week、
食品够我们再吃一星期。
3、最不可能得least likely or expected);最不适当得,最不合适得(the least desirable or suitable)
the last person we would have suspected、
我们最不可能怀疑得人 the last man for the job、对这项工作最不合适得人

46
lead
领导,引导,
铅
1、通往(向)(to)
The path leads to the village、
这条小路通到那村庄。
1、 导致(to)
lead to the thief being caught
2、 在比赛中)领先
After the first half of the race I was leading、 跑了一半赛程后我领先了She was in the lead during the race、 她在赛跑中领先。
3、 过(生活)
He led a hard life、她得日子过得很苦。
4、 榜样,带头
take the lead in everything
47
leave
离开, 动身;留下,把…(落)遗忘在某地;把…交付(委托)给
1、使…处于某种状态

leave the work undone丢下工作不干
leave him an orphan 使她成为孤儿
leave him sad 使她伤心
leave the raincoat hanging behind the door 让雨衣挂在门后leave sb、 in the dark 不让某人知道
2听任

leave him there让她呆在那里吧。
leave it as it is让它保持原样。
I will leave you to do as you like、
您爱做什么就做什么。
3、准[休]假, 假期(不可数)

ask for leave请假
ask for two days’ leave(take two days off)请两天假
be on leave 在度假;在假期中
grant / give sb a leave准某人得假(此处冠词为特殊用法)
48
lift
举起,、升高, 提高; [英]电梯; 吊车
1、免费搭乘,搭便车
He gave me a lift to the station in his car、 她让我搭她得汽车去火车站。
2、窃取(尤指小件物品);抄袭,从已发表得东西上照抄、剽取(观点、文章等)
He was caught lifting make-up in the supermarket、
Many of his ideas were lifted from other authors、她得许多见解都就是从其她作家那里剽窃来得。
49
line
绳;线,路线,线路; 排,列(n);(使)排列,排队(v)
1、 运输公司
an airline航空公司
a shipping line 海运公司
(pl) 台词

spend the weekend learning her lines、
利用熟记她得台词
短信;便条
I'll drop you a line、我会留个便条给您
50
lesson
功课, (一节)课, [pl、] 课程
教训
teach sb、 a lesson给某人以教训
earn one's lesson得到教训
be a lesson to对、、、就是一个教训
51
live
生活, 居住,
实况地, 实况转播得,
adj、活得
live animals、活着得动物
live shrimps活虾
live 表此意仅用于修饰动物、家禽、鱼等。
live broadcast 现场直播
52
major
较大得,主要得,重要得
[美口]主修, 专攻
He majors in physics、她主修物理。
专业学生
He is a history major、她就是主修历史得学生
大学主修科目

53

manner
态度, 举止
方法; 方式; 样子;(艺术、文学得)风格, 手法
54
mass
块;团;堆大多数, 大量
1、群众
the masses群众, 民众
2、群众得, 大规模得
mass education大众教育;
mass production、大规模生产

补充:a mass of = masses of)许多/大量…
55
match
比赛 ,火柴
1、 匹配、匹
敌(vi / vt)

The color of the shirt does not match that of the coat、衬衫得颜色与上衣不相配。The curtains do not match with the decoration、窗帘与室内装璜不相配。I'm ready to match my strength with [against] yours、我准备与您较量较量。These two are well matched in strength、她们俩势均力敌。
2、对手; 相似得人[物], 相配得人[物]
You are no match for him、 您不就是她得对手。
find [meet] one's match 遇到对手, 棋逢对手
best match最佳匹配The blue shirt and gray tie are a good match、蓝衬衫与灰领带很谐调。

补充:strike a match 划一根火柴
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matter
事件, 问题
1、物质(不可数)

Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas、物质以三种状态存在: 固态、液态与气态。
2、[pl、]事态,情况
That’s how matters stand、目前情况就就是这样。
3、有问题得,有毛病得(与the 连用)
I have no idea what is the matter、
There is nothing the matter with it、
(the matter = wrong)
4、有关系, 有重要性,要紧(vi)
What matters most is that you should have confidence in yourself、

补充: as a matter of fact ; a matter of time
57
mean
意思就是、意味着; 意欲/想要;意指
吝啬得;小气得;卑鄙得
be mean with money花钱小气be mean about/ over 在…方面很小气a mean motive、卑鄙得动机
(因能力、命运等)注定
I believe he is meant to be a soldier、
我相信她天生就是要当军人得。
用意(v)

He means ill /well to me、她对我怀有好意/ 恶意、
关系重大;重要
My friends mean a lot to me、
我得朋友对我来说非常重要。
方法、手段(means,单复数同形)
Every means has been tried,
All means have been tried、
by means of …、; by this / these means

1、be meant to必须;得要You are meant to leave a tip、 您得留下小费。
2、by all means当然;当然可以
3、by no means并没有;绝不:
By no means should this remark be taken lightly、这次讲话绝不能等闲视之
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measure
尺寸, 量度得单位; 量具;量器;测量,
1、 措施;办法

They took strong measures against dangerous drivers、 她们对危害公众得司机采取强硬得措施。take measures to do sth / about sth
2、斟酌, 权衡
She works hard and doesn't measure the cost to her health、她工作勤恳并不考虑身体代价。
He measures his words with caution、
她仔细斟酌着字句

The room measures five metres across、
这房间有五米宽。
be measured in feet用英尺量
make sth to one’s own measure
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monitor
班长

监听器, 监视器, 监控器; 〈计〉显示器
air monitor空气监测器

、监控(v)

monitor an examination监考monitor the enemy's radio broadcasts监听敌方得电台广播
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must
必须
肯定
必需得东西; 必须做得事
warm clothes are a must in the mountains、 住山里必须备有厚衣服。
61
nail
指甲, 钉, 钉子
vt、钉, 将、、、钉牢
He nailed the picture to the wall、
把画钉在墙上。
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narrow
狭窄得;狭隘得vi变窄vt、使变狭窄, 使缩小
勉强得;险胜得
a narrow victory 险胜
a narrow escape 死里逃生/侥幸逃脱
63
nature
自然,
自然界
本性, 天性; 特性
good nature好心肠, 温与得性格, 好脾气 human nature人性
64
note
笔记;记录
注释;短笺;便