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1、FPSODefinitionFPSOunitisafloatingvesselusedbytheoffshoreindustryfortheprocessingandstorageofoilandgas.AFPSOvesselisdesignedtoreceiveoilorgasproducedfromnearbyplatformsorsubseatemplate,processit,andstoreituntiloilorgascanbeoffloadedontoatankerortransportedthroughapipeline.FPSOFloatingProductionStorag
2、eandOffloadingMechanismsTopsidefacilitiesseparatethefluidintooil,gasandwater,andthenstorethecrudeoilinthevesselstanks.Thecrudeoilisperiodicallyoffloadedtoshuttletankers(穿梭油轮).FPSOisanincreasinglyattractivealternativetoconventionalfixedplatformfielddevelopment.Itcombinesfullproductionfacilities-proce
3、ssequipment,controlequipmentforremotewellheads,crewaccommodationsandcrudestoragecapacityintoonefloatingfacility.FSHR滚珠丝杠滚珠丝杠Cascade：波状物，串联：波状物，串联historyOilhasbeenexploitedfromoffshorelocationssince1950.ThefirstoilFPSOwastheShellCastellon,builtinSpainin1977.TheSanhaLPGFPSOoperatesoffshoreAngola,andis
4、thefirstsuchvesselwithcompleteonboardliquefiedpetroleumgasprocessingandexportfacilities.Itcanstoreupto135,000cubicmetersofLPGwhileawaitingexporttankersforoffloading.TheFPSOhasevolvedfrombeingatechnologyformarginalfieldstooneforlargerdiscoveries.Overthelasttenyears,FPSOshavebecometheprimarychoiceforf
5、ielddevelopmentinmanyareasoftheworld.Currentlymorethan100FPSOsareinoperationworldwide.Asofyear-end2003,therehavebeen129FPSOdeploymentsworldwidemorethanalltheotherfloatingproductionsystems(FPSSs,TLPsandspars)puttogether.Shell:英荷（英国、荷兰联营）皇家壳牌集团，简称壳牌公司FPSS:FloatingProductionSemi-SubmersiblesThekeycompo
6、nentsofanFPSO1.The vessel itself（船体部分）（船体部分）,whichmaybeanewbuildor,moreusually,atankerconversion;2.The mooring system（系泊系统）（系泊系统）,whichonmanymodernFPSOsisbuiltuponageostationary(在固定位置的)turretmountedinsidethehullandwhichleavesthevesselfreetorotatetoheadintotheprevailingweather.Suchmooringsystemsareba
7、sedonpatentedtechnologiesandcompriseapromisingnichemarket;3.The process plant（生产设备）（生产设备）,whoseconfigurationwilldependlargelyonreservoircharacteristicsandenvironmentalfactors;waterandgasinjectionandgas-liftfacilitiesarecommonlyincluded.4.Offloading system（卸载系统）（卸载系统）5.Supporting system（配套系统）（配套系统）ad
8、vantages1.FPSOvesselsareparticularlyeffectiveinremoteordeepwaterlocationswhereseabedpipelinesarenotcosteffective.2.FPSOseliminatetheneedtolayexpensivelong-distancepipelinesfromtheoilwelltoanonshoreterminal.Theycanalsobeusedeconomicallyinsmalleroilfieldswhichcanbeexhaustedinafewyearsanddonotjustifyth
9、eexpenseofinstallingafixedoilplatform.3.Oncethefieldisdepleted,theFPSOcanbemovedtoanewlocation.4.Inareasoftheworldsubjecttocyclones(northwesternAustralia)oricebergs(Canada),someFPSOsareabletoreleasetheirmooring/riserturretandsteamawaytosafetyinanemergency.Theturretsinksbeneaththewavesandcanbereconne
10、ctedlater.FPSOvesselsarebroadlyoftwotypes:1.AConvertedOilTanker2.ACustomBuiltSpecific type1.FSOAfloatingstorageandoffloadingunitisafloatingstoragedevice,whichisasimplifiedFPSOwithoutthecapabilityforoilorgasprocessing.MostFSOsareoldsinglehullsupertankersthathavebeenconverted.2.FSRUALNGfloatingstorage
11、andregasificationunitisafloatingstorageandregasificationsystem,whichreceivesliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)fromoffloadingLNGcarriers,andtheonboardregasificationsystemprovidesnaturalgassend-outthroughflexiblerisersandpipelinetoshore.3.FPDSOFloatingProductionDrillingStorageandOffloading.The Girassol FPSO,iso
12、neofthelargestFPSOvesselfunctioningintheworldtoday.ItwasconstructedinKorea.IthasbeenconstructedasajointventurebetweenBouyguesOffshoreandStoltOffshorewithinaperiodof21months.Thevesselhasaproductioncapacityof200,000barrelsperdayandastoragecapacityof2,000,000barrelstoragecapacity.The Girassol FPSOThe G
13、irassol FPSOTheworldssmallestFPSOistheCrystalOcean,operatingin137mofwaterintheBassStraitbetweenAustraliaandTasmaniaontheBaskerMantaField.ItisleasedbyRocOil(Sydney-basedinternationalpetroleumexplorationandproductioncompany)fromRubiconOffshoreandisoperatedontheirbehalfbyAGRAsiaPacific;itiscurrentlypro
14、ducing5,000bpd.TheworldslargestFPSOistheKizombaA,withastoragecapacityof2.2millionbarrels(350,000m3).BuiltatacostofoverUS$800millionbyHyundaiHeavyIndustriesinUlsan,Korea,itisoperatedbyEssoExplorationAngola(ExxonMobil).Locatedin1200meters(3,940ft)ofwateratDeepwaterblock200statutemiles(320km)offshorein
15、theAtlanticOceanfromAngola,CentralAfrica,itweighs81,000tonnesandis285meterslong,63meterswide,and32metershigh(935ftby207ft(63m)by105ft).the Kizomba ACOOEC Delivers an FPSO to BHP BillitonOnSeptember9,2009.COOECandAustraliasBHPBillitonnamedtheFPSOPYRENEESVENTUREinCOOECsQingdaoFabricationYard.Thisisthe
16、firsttimeforBHPBillionstopurchasealarge-sizedFPSOconstructedinChina.TheexportofthisFPSOmarksthatChinaiscapableofindependentconstructionoftheworld-classFPSOinaccordancewithinternationalstandards.Withalengthof274.29meters,abeamof48meters,anoperatingwaterdepthof200meters,PYRENEESVENTUREisequippedwithadesignedprocessingcapacityof96,000barrelsofoiland60millioncubicfeetofnaturalgasperday.PYRENEESVENTURE(必和必拓阿帕奇 FPSO)THE END
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