老人身体健康的注意事项.ppt

和平积极的心态：老人身体健康的源泉Physical Health Through Mental Health for the Physical Health Through Mental Health for the Physical Health Through Mental Health for the Physical Health Through Mental Health for the ElderlyElderlyElderlyElderly1 1.中国内地十大老年慢性病Top 10 Chronic Diseases in Chinese Elderly Top 10 Chronic Diseases in Chinese Elderly Top 10 Chronic Diseases in Chinese Elderly Top 10 Chronic Diseases in Chinese Elderly(Mainland)(Mainland)(Mainland)(Mainland)病名病名(Diseases)(Diseases)(Diseases)(Diseases)IncidenceIncidenceIncidenceIncidence脑卒中脑卒中StrokeStrokeStrokeStroke200/100,000/yr200/100,000/yr200/100,000/yr200/100,000/yr高血压高血压HypertensionHypertensionHypertensionHypertension40%45%60gr40%45%60gr40%45%60gr40%45%60gr冠心病冠心病Coronary Heart Disease,Coronary Heart Disease,Coronary Heart Disease,Coronary Heart Disease,CHDCHDCHDCHD4%7%40gr4%7%40gr4%7%40gr4%7%40gr糖尿病糖尿病DiabetesDiabetesDiabetesDiabetes6.51%7.98%6.51%7.98%6.51%7.98%6.51%7.98%慢性阻塞性肺病慢性阻塞性肺病COPDCOPDCOPDCOPD3%3%3%3%骨性关节炎骨性关节炎Osteoarthritis.OAOsteoarthritis.OAOsteoarthritis.OAOsteoarthritis.OAO.A.Knee 49%O.A.Knee 49%O.A.Knee 49%O.A.Knee 49%骨质疏松症骨质疏松症OsteoporosisOsteoporosisOsteoporosisOsteoporosis11%11%11%11%帕金森病帕金森病ParkinsonismParkinsonismParkinsonismParkinsonism1.6%(Female),1.6%(Female),1.6%(Female),1.6%(Female),1.7%(male)65yr1.7%(male)65yr1.7%(male)65yr1.7%(male)65yr老年性痴呆老年性痴呆DementiaDementiaDementiaDementia4.8%AD4.8%AD4.8%AD4.8%AD抑郁抑郁DepressionDepressionDepressionDepression2%30%2%30%2%30%2%30%2 2.1010种与心理-行为因素有密切关系的慢性病Chronic Diseases with psychological-behavioral Chronic Diseases with psychological-behavioral Chronic Diseases with psychological-behavioral Chronic Diseases with psychological-behavioral status(PBS)as etiological or exacerbating factorstatus(PBS)as etiological or exacerbating factorstatus(PBS)as etiological or exacerbating factorstatus(PBS)as etiological or exacerbating factor病名病名(diseases)(diseases)(diseases)(diseases)心理心理-行为因素影响行为因素影响Impact Factors by Impact Factors by Impact Factors by Impact Factors by PBS PBS PBS PBS 相关的心理相关的心理-行为状态行为状态(Related PBS)(Related PBS)(Related PBS)(Related PBS)脑卒中脑卒中strokestrokestrokestroke+情绪激动、精神压力情绪激动、精神压力extreme emotional extreme emotional extreme emotional extreme emotional response,stressresponse,stressresponse,stressresponse,stress冠心病冠心病CHDCHDCHDCHD+Type A Behavior(AType A Behavior(AType A Behavior(AType A Behavior(A型型行为行为)恐惧恐惧(Fear)(Fear)(Fear)(Fear)depression,Anxiety depression,Anxiety depression,Anxiety depression,Anxiety 抑郁、焦虑抑郁、焦虑胃、十二指肠溃汤病胃、十二指肠溃汤病Peptic UlcerPeptic UlcerPeptic UlcerPeptic Ulcer+StressStressStressStress应激应激TensionTensionTensionTension紧张紧张3 3.病名病名(diseases)(diseases)(diseases)(diseases)心理心理-行为因素影响行为因素影响Impact Factors by Impact Factors by Impact Factors by Impact Factors by PBS PBS PBS PBS 相关的心理相关的心理-行为状行为状态态(Related PBS)(Related PBS)(Related PBS)(Related PBS)紧张性头痛、颈痛、腰紧张性头痛、颈痛、腰痛痛+Tension Tension Tension Tension 紧张紧张StressStressStressStress应激应激原发性纤维肌痛综合征原发性纤维肌痛综合征(FMS)(FMS)(FMS)(FMS)+StressStressStressStress应激应激糖尿病糖尿病DiabetesDiabetesDiabetesDiabetes+AnxietyAnxietyAnxietyAnxiety焦虑焦虑depressiondepressiondepressiondepression激惹性结肠综合征激惹性结肠综合征（ICSICSICSICS）+焦虑，应激焦虑，应激慢性疲劳综合征慢性疲劳综合征（CFSCFSCFSCFS）+抑郁抑郁depressiondepressiondepressiondepression癌症癌症CancerCancerCancerCancer精神创伤、强迫行为精神创伤、强迫行为4 4.心理健康和身体健康Mental Health and Physical Healthl lA sound mind in a sound body(A sound mind in a sound body(健全的精神寓于健全的身体)l lMore people are sick because they are More people are sick because they are unhappy than unhappy because they are unhappy than unhappy because they are sick.(sick.(比起那些因患病而心情不舒畅的人来说,有更多人是因心情不舒畅而患病 )5 5.心理因素的病理生理效应Pathophysiological effects of psychological statusPathophysiological effects of psychological statusl l On arteriosclerosis(On arteriosclerosis(On arteriosclerosis(On arteriosclerosis(对动脉粥样硬化发生和发展的影响对动脉粥样硬化发生和发展的影响)Sudden and transient stressful events involve with the Sudden and transient stressful events involve with the Sudden and transient stressful events involve with the Sudden and transient stressful events involve with the dysfunction of endothelium and the adhesion of the dysfunction of endothelium and the adhesion of the dysfunction of endothelium and the adhesion of the dysfunction of endothelium and the adhesion of the plateletsplateletsplateletsplatelets 短暂的应激事件与内皮功能不良及血小板粘附有关短暂的应激事件与内皮功能不良及血小板粘附有关l lPhobia might be associated with the development of acute Phobia might be associated with the development of acute Phobia might be associated with the development of acute Phobia might be associated with the development of acute myocardial infarct.myocardial infarct.myocardial infarct.myocardial infarct.恐怖症与急性心肌梗死发生和发展有关恐怖症与急性心肌梗死发生和发展有关l lDepression will enhance the painful and distress feeling Depression will enhance the painful and distress feeling Depression will enhance the painful and distress feeling Depression will enhance the painful and distress feeling of the patients with chronic diseases of the patients with chronic diseases of the patients with chronic diseases of the patients with chronic diseases 抑郁加重慢性病疼痛和不适的感觉抑郁加重慢性病疼痛和不适的感觉6 6.心理因素与免疫功能Immunity Function and Psychological statusl l 情绪抑郁会抑制免疫系统功能，使抑郁者抵抗力降低，易患情绪抑郁会抑制免疫系统功能，使抑郁者抵抗力降低，易患某些感染性疾病，如感冒某些感染性疾病，如感冒Depression inhibits immunological system.A person with Depression inhibits immunological system.A person with Depression inhibits immunological system.A person with Depression inhibits immunological system.A person with depression might be susceptible to some infections,e.g.depression might be susceptible to some infections,e.g.depression might be susceptible to some infections,e.g.depression might be susceptible to some infections,mon cold.(Berkow et al.1999)common cold.(Berkow et al.1999)common cold.(Berkow et al.1999)common cold.(Berkow et al.1999)l l 情绪的改善（尤其欢乐、满足感）能加强免疫系统的功能，情绪的改善（尤其欢乐、满足感）能加强免疫系统的功能，促进癌症等的康复。促进癌症等的康复。A better mood improves the function of immunological A better mood improves the function of immunological A better mood improves the function of immunological A better mood improves the function of immunological system,e.g.in anticancer(Levy et al.1998)system,e.g.in anticancer(Levy et al.1998)system,e.g.in anticancer(Levy et al.1998)system,e.g.in anticancer(Levy et al.1998)7 7.l l生活不过于紧张，情绪不过于激动，有助于加强免疫机制，生活不过于紧张，情绪不过于激动，有助于加强免疫机制，（应激能降低免疫系统功能）（应激能降低免疫系统功能）A lifestyle with less emotional tension and agitation is A lifestyle with less emotional tension and agitation is A lifestyle with less emotional tension and agitation is A lifestyle with less emotional tension and agitation is helpful for enhancing immunological mechanismhelpful for enhancing immunological mechanismhelpful for enhancing immunological mechanismhelpful for enhancing immunological mechanisml l心理和神经系统，内分泌系统、免疫系统的细胞之间，通过心理和神经系统，内分泌系统、免疫系统的细胞之间，通过生量信息相互影响，通过生量信息相互影响，通过“心理神经免疫学心理神经免疫学”的研究，将能的研究，将能更多揭示心理状态通过神经系统的中介而影响免疫系统功能。更多揭示心理状态通过神经系统的中介而影响免疫系统功能。A new branch of science psychoneuroimmunology.PNI.A new branch of science psychoneuroimmunology.PNI.A new branch of science psychoneuroimmunology.PNI.A new branch of science psychoneuroimmunology.PNI.will reveal the interaction and effects between will reveal the interaction and effects between will reveal the interaction and effects between will reveal the interaction and effects between psychological status and immunological responses psychological status and immunological responses psychological status and immunological responses psychological status and immunological responses through neurohoumonal mechanism.through neurohoumonal mechanism.through neurohoumonal mechanism.through neurohoumonal mechanism.8 8.慢性病者常有的负性心理和情绪Negative psychological profiles commonly Negative psychological profiles commonly seen in patients with chronic diseasesseen in patients with chronic diseases抑郁抑郁DepressioDepressioDepressioDepression n n n心理性依赖心理性依赖Psychological dependencePsychological dependencePsychological dependencePsychological dependence焦虑焦虑AnxietyAnxietyAnxietyAnxiety心理性紧张心理性紧张TensionTensionTensionTension恐惧恐惧PhobiaPhobiaPhobiaPhobia应激（心理应激（心理-社会）社会）StressStressStressStress悲观悲观PessimismPessimismPessimismPessimism孤癖、离群心理孤癖、离群心理Psychological Psychological Psychological Psychological withdrawalwithdrawalwithdrawalwithdrawal9 9.以心理健康促进身体健康帮助和鼓励慢性病者不仅注意增进身体上的健康，也要注意增进心理上的健康，而且要善于以心理上的健康促进身体上的健康。People with Chronic Diseases should make People with Chronic Diseases should make their best to improve mental health as well their best to improve mental health as well as physical health.Everybody should try to as physical health.Everybody should try to facilitate physical health with mental facilitate physical health with mental health.health.1010.改善心理状态促进心理健康的六大措施Ten steps towards mental healthTen steps towards mental health1.1.松弛疗法 Relaxation therapyRelaxation therapy2.2.应激控制 Management of stressManagement of stress3.3.心理辅导 Psychology counselingPsychology counseling4.4.行为及性格改变 Modification of personalityModification of personality5.5.社会支持 Social support Social support 6.6.药物治疗 MedicationMedication1111.松弛疗法Relaxation TherapyRelaxation Therapy1.1.运动松弛法 exercise(Tai Chi,walking,exercise(Tai Chi,walking,swimming)swimming)2.2.按摩松弛法 massage(self-massage,sedative,massage(self-massage,sedative,therapeutic massage)therapeutic massage)3.3.气功松弛法 Chi Kung,Transcendental Chi Kung,Transcendental meditationmeditation4.4.音乐松弛法 Music Therapy(sedative,Music Therapy(sedative,anxiolytic,relaxing)anxiolytic,relaxing)5.5.温浴松弛法 Hydrotherapy(warm spa)Hydrotherapy(warm spa)1212.6.6.文娱松弛法 recreation(dancing,hiking,recreation(dancing,hiking,relaxing sports)relaxing sports)7.7.书画松弛法 calligraphy and paintingcalligraphy and painting8.8.作业松弛法 occupational therapy(arts and occupational therapy(arts and crafts)crafts)9.9.度假松弛法 Resort vacationResort vacation10.10.饮食松弛法 Herbal food therapy(sedative)Herbal food therapy(sedative)1313.应激控制Stress ControlStress Control1.1.1.1.“EscapeEscapeEscapeEscape”from the stressor from the stressor from the stressor from the stressor 离开应激原离开应激原(人、地、事人、地、事)(stressful event,daily hassel,unpleasant(stressful event,daily hassel,unpleasant(stressful event,daily hassel,unpleasant(stressful event,daily hassel,unpleasant environment)environment)environment)environment)2.Speak it out,2.Speak it out,2.Speak it out,2.Speak it out,说出烦恼、不满、焦虑说出烦恼、不满、焦虑(to make(to make(to make(to make adequate emotional expression)adequate emotional expression)adequate emotional expression)adequate emotional expression)3.Relaxation technique,e.g.Relaxed Kung Fu(RKF)3.Relaxation technique,e.g.Relaxed Kung Fu(RKF)3.Relaxation technique,e.g.Relaxed Kung Fu(RKF)3.Relaxation technique,e.g.Relaxed Kung Fu(RKF)(Chi Kung)(Chi Kung)(Chi Kung)(Chi Kung)练习松静功及其他，松弛疗法练习松静功及其他，松弛疗法RKF=Relaxed positioning+relaxed breathing+RKF=Relaxed positioning+relaxed breathing+RKF=Relaxed positioning+relaxed breathing+RKF=Relaxed positioning+relaxed breathing+relaxed mind(relaxed mind(relaxed mind(relaxed mind(静身静身+静息静息+静心静心)4.Seek for assistance to discuss and solve the 4.Seek for assistance to discuss and solve the 4.Seek for assistance to discuss and solve the 4.Seek for assistance to discuss and solve the problemproblemproblemproblem寻求援助减压（向亲友、同事、有关机构）寻求援助减压（向亲友、同事、有关机构）1414.心理辅导Psychological CounselingPsychological Counseling1.Explaining the disease/injury,1.Explaining the disease/injury,implication,prognosis.implication,prognosis.2.Answering the questions raised by the 2.Answering the questions raised by the clients.clients.3.Giving advice on modifying lifestyle.3.Giving advice on modifying lifestyle.4.Giving advice on behavioral adjustment.4.Giving advice on behavioral adjustment.1515.性格及行为改变M Modification of Personality and odification of Personality and BehaviorBehaviorn n以弛代张以弛代张 Do be relaxed instead of being tensed up Do be relaxed instead of being tensed up Do be relaxed instead of being tensed up Do be relaxed instead of being tensed up n n以静代躁以静代躁 Do be calm instead of being nervousDo be calm instead of being nervousDo be calm instead of being nervousDo be calm instead of being nervousn n以缓代急以缓代急 Do be at ease instead of being in a hurryDo be at ease instead of being in a hurryDo be at ease instead of being in a hurryDo be at ease instead of being in a hurryn n以稳代乱以稳代乱 Do be steady instead of being disorderlyDo be steady instead of being disorderlyDo be steady instead of being disorderlyDo be steady instead of being disorderlyn n以适代全以适代全 Do be satisfied with adequate performance instead of Do be satisfied with adequate performance instead of Do be satisfied with adequate performance instead of Do be satisfied with adequate performance instead of pursuing completenesspursuing completenesspursuing completenesspursuing completeness1616.社会支持Social SupportSocial Support来自家庭、朋友、同事和社会的心理支持（关心、劝导、鼓励），对缓解轻至中度抑郁状态，有良好的效果。社会支持对改变不良生活方式，从而改善心理状态，减轻疾病危险，有重要意义。Social support from family,colleagues,Social support from family,colleagues,friends has positive effects on reducing friends has positive effects on reducing mild depression and quitting bad lifestyle mild depression and quitting bad lifestyle habits.habits.1717.药物调整心态Medication用于已有明显抑郁症、焦虑症、恐惧症等患者，在非药物疗法无效时，按医嘱使用药物Anti-depression or sedative drugs are Anti-depression or sedative drugs are prescribed by physicians for those with prescribed by physicians for those with definite diagnosis of depression,anxiety or definite diagnosis of depression,anxiety or phobia who fail to respond to non-medication phobia who fail to respond to non-medication treatment.treatment.1818.