翻译理论与实践第5讲-词语的翻译.ppt

Chapter FiveTranslation of Words(2)Translation of Words(2)Translation of Color WordsSome Regular Rules in the Formation of Color Words1某些形容词颜色词某些形容词颜色词（1）deep（dark）颜色词：表示颜色的“深、浓”。如：deepbrown深褐色，darkgrey深灰色（2）light（pale）颜色词：表示颜色的“浅、淡”。如：lightyellow淡黄色，paleblue浅蓝色（3）bright（rich，vivid）颜色词：表示颜色的“鲜明”。如：brightblue宝蓝色，richred鲜红色，vividgreen翠绿色（4）dull（dirty）颜色词：表示颜色的“阴暗”。如：dullgold暗金黄色，dirtywhite暗白色2 2颜色词颜色词“-ish”表示颜色的“浅淡”，形容词后缀“-ish”表示“色”。如：whitish sky微白的天空，greenish lake微绿色的湖，reddish face微红的脸孔，greyish ashtray淡灰色的烟灰缸。3 3颜色词颜色词颜色词颜色词 这种结构表示“混色”，后一个颜色词是主色，前一个颜色词起修饰和附加作用。如：purple red紫红色（红中带紫），green yellow绿黄色（黄中带绿），grey blue灰蓝色（蓝中带灰）。若前面的颜色很淡，也可以用-ish形式。如：purplish red，greenish yellow，greyish blue。4 4颜色词颜色词and颜色词颜色词 这种结构表示两种颜色同时并存于某物中，没有被调和，构成一种“花色”。如：black and white黑白相间（两色）。但须注意，“black and blue”和“black and white”除了属于此结构外，同时也是成语，前者表示“（被打得）青一块紫一块”，后者表示“黑白电影（电视）、水墨画等”。5.名词名词+颜色词颜色词宝石红ruby red柠檬黄lemon yellow橄榄绿olive green珍珠白pearl white芥末黄mustard苹果绿apple green浅豆绿light bean green象牙白ivory whiteBasic Color Words 1.Red 4.Yellow 2.White 5.Blue 3.Black 6.GreenRed红榜红榜红白喜事红白喜事红豆红豆红娘红娘红色中国红色中国红糖红糖红茶红茶红包红包她的眼圈红了她的眼圈红了白刀子进去白刀子进去,红刀子出来红刀子出来An honour rollwedding and funerals love pea matchmaker Socialist Chinabrown sugar Black teaGift money/bonus/bribesHer eyes became moist A gleaming knife is thrust in and it comes out dripping with bloodred handsbe caught red-handedred-light districtred battlein the redred meat red inkred alertred-letter daythe red carpet 沾满鲜血的手沾满鲜血的手 被当场抓获被当场抓获 红灯区红灯区 血战血战赤字，亏损，负债赤字，亏损，负债 牛羊肉牛羊肉 赤字，亏本赤字，亏本(台风，空袭的台风，空袭的)紧急警报紧急警报 吉日吉日 隆重的欢迎隆重的欢迎White颠倒黑白颠倒黑白白手起家白手起家白开水白开水白眼白眼白发白发唱白脸唱白脸White elephantA white daya white warTo call white blackto start from scratch plain boiled water supercilious lookGray hairPlay the villain白象白象(useless things)吉日吉日不流血的战争不流血的战争Black黑色(black)在英语和汉语两种语言文化中的联系意义大致相同。黑色和black在英汉文化中象征着死亡，苦难和悲痛。汉语中常把黑色与坏、不好、黑暗、邪恶、奸诈联系在一起，被赋予“非法的、不吉利”等意义。如：黑帮、黑道、黑话、黑店；黑户、黑色的七月。英语中Black的联想与汉语相似，如：blackmarket(黑市，指非法交易)，blackhand(黑手党)，blackhearted(黑心肠的)。另外还表示“不幸、灾难、厌恶、愤怒、阴沉”等意义，如blacksheep(败家子，害群之马)；BlackFriday(黑色星期五)。Black还象征庄重、威严和尊贵，如：blacksuit(黑色西装)，blackdress(黑色礼服)wear blackblack wordsblack list run in blackblack hearteda black dayblack art/magicgo black in the face a black spot穿黑衣，戴孝穿黑衣，戴孝不吉利的话不吉利的话黑名单黑名单 盈利盈利用心险恶用心险恶倒霉日倒霉日不可思议的巫术不可思议的巫术气得脸色发紫气得脸色发紫 充满危机的地方，事故多充满危机的地方，事故多发路段发路段官场黑暗官场黑暗近朱者赤，近墨者黑近朱者赤，近墨者黑黑帮黑帮乌纱帽乌纱帽天下乌鸦一般黑天下乌鸦一般黑黑心黑心黑手黑手黑幕黑幕officialcirclesarecorruptOnewhostayswithvermiliongetsstainedredandonewhostayswithinkgetsstainedblackUndergroundgangsblackgauzecapEvilpeoplearesamelybadallovertheworldevilmindevilbackstagemanipulatorinsidestoryYellow汉语中的黄色旧时象征中央政权，国土之义，代表权威和威严，如黄袍、皇榜等；但现代汉语中“黄”字常出现在一些贬义词中，表示下流、堕落，如黄色电影、黄色书刊、扫黄等。在西方文化中，yellow使人联想到背叛耶稣的犹大（Judas所穿的颜色，所以黄色带有不好的象征意义。（1）表示低级趣味的报刊、毫无文学价值的书籍，如yellowpress（黄色书刊），yellowpages分类广告电话簿；（2）表示卑鄙、胆怯，如yellowdog卑鄙的人；yellow-livered胆小的TisisadullsightToseetheyeardyingWhenwinterwindsSettheyellowwoodsighing:Sighing,OsighingfromOld SongYellowPerilYellowjournalismyellowdogHeistooyellowtostandupandfight.TisisadullsightToseetheyeardyingWhenwinterwindsSettheyellowwoodsighing:Sighing,OsighingfromOld Song黄祸黄色新闻卑鄙小人他太软弱，不敢起来斗争。Try to Translate the Following Expressions Concerning“黄”黄榜黄榜黄色电影黄色电影黄页黄页炎黄子孙炎黄子孙黄道吉日黄道吉日imperial edict pornographic movie;blue movie;blue film Yellow pagesthe descendants of Emperor Yan and Emperor Huangdies faustus;auspicious/lucky dayBlue汉语中蓝色是大海与天空的自然色，给人“恬淡宁静，意蕴深远，心旷神怡”的联想，如蓝色的理想，蓝色的信仰。英语中blue（1）具有“忧郁，伤感”的联想意义，常与心情不好有关，如inabluemood和havingtheblues指难过，沮丧和抑郁。（2）一种高贵的颜色，用来表示社会地位高、有权势、出身贵族或王室。例如：blueblood指贵族血统。Abluefilm?Abluebook?once in a blue moon blue man blue milk blue musicblue software out of the blue to blue ones money千载难逢之事千载难逢之事穿制服的警察穿制服的警察 掺水的牛奶掺水的牛奶 忧伤的音乐忧伤的音乐黄色软件黄色软件晴天霹雳；出乎意料晴天霹雳；出乎意料把钱挥霍掉把钱挥霍掉Green汉语中的绿色（1）表示义、侠。如绿林好汉（聚集山林，劫富济贫的人）；（2）象征低贱、野蛮。如在古代，低贱的人穿绿色衣服。英语中green有“嫉妒，幼稚，缺乏训练”的意思。例如agreenhand指生手，表示没有经验；asgreenasgrass表示幼稚；agreeneye指妒嫉的眼睛。另外，中英文中绿色和green还表示“春天，希望”之意，现在常常用在与环境有关的词语中。例如：greenconsumerism绿色消费；greenfood绿色食品；绿色奥运GreenOlympics开绿灯开绿灯戴绿帽子戴绿帽子灯红酒绿灯红酒绿greensaladgreenhouseeffectgreenawarenessgreenhandsgreeneyedgivethegreenlighttocuckold/wearhornsdissipatedandluxurious蔬菜沙拉蔬菜沙拉温室效应温室效应环保意识环保意识新手新手嫉妒，嫉妒，“眼红眼红”Comprehensive Exercises青一块紫一块青一块紫一块黄毛丫头黄毛丫头白区白区黄发垂髫黄发垂髫红光满面红光满面灰色收入灰色收入她没有白干她没有白干BlackandblueChitofagirlReactionaries-controlledareasTheagedandtheyoungtobehealthyandenergeticIncomefrommoonlightingShedidnttryinvain.red ruin brown bread red tapeyellow alerta white nighta green old agepink sliphave green power backing themto marry into the purple火灾火灾 黑面包黑面包 繁文缛节繁文缛节 预备警报预备警报不眠之夜不眠之夜老当益壮老当益壮解雇通知书解雇通知书背后有财团支持背后有财团支持嫁到显贵人家嫁到显贵人家Translation of FiguresTrasnlation strategies(1)等值翻译（等值翻译（Equivalent Translation）沧海一粟adropintheocean一箭之遥withinastonesthrow一箭双雕killtwobirdswithonestone吃一堑，长一智Afallintothepit,againinyourwit.一千次问（某歌词）Askforonethousandtimes以健康的体魄为祖国工作五十五十年!Witharobustbody,workforcountryforfiftyyears!Fivescoreyearsago,agreatAmericansignedtheEmancipationProclamation.一百年前一百年前，一位伟大的美国人签署了，一位伟大的美国人签署了解放黑奴宣言。解放黑奴宣言。Fourscoreandsevenyearsago,ourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinentanewnation,conceivedinliberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.八十七年以前八十七年以前，我们的祖先在这大陆，我们的祖先在这大陆上建立了一个国家，它孕育于自由，上建立了一个国家，它孕育于自由，并且献身给一种理念，即所有人都并且献身给一种理念，即所有人都是生来平等的。是生来平等的。（2）不等值翻译）不等值翻译（Non-Equivalent Translation）乱七八糟atsixesandsevens再三考虑onsecondthoughts三三两两、零零落落byonesandtwos三个臭皮匠胜过诸葛亮Twoheadsarebetterthanone.-你能便宜一点卖吗？-对不起，不二价。-Canyoucomedownalittle?-Sorry,itsonepriceforall.（3）不必译出）不必译出可知这样大族大家，弱从外头杀来，一时是杀不死的。这可是古人说的“百足百足之虫，死而不僵”，必须先从家里自杀自灭起来，才能一败涂地呢！（红楼梦第74回）HowIrealizethatbigfamilieslikeourcantbedestroyedinonefellswoopfromoutside.Inthewordsoftheoldsaying,“Acentipedeevenwhendeadwontfalltotheground.”Wemuststartkillingeachotherfirstbeforeourfamilycanbecompletelydestroyed.(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)Onemansmeatisanothermanspoison.人各有所好Illloveyouthreescoreandten.我会一辈子爱你的。Tentoonehehasforgottenit.很可能他已经忘了。Hismarkinmathissecondtononeintheclass.他的数学分数在班上是最棒的。SheisasecondLeiFeng.她是雷锋式的人物。Theparsonofficiallypronouncedthattheybecameone.牧师正式宣告他们成婚。IusedtostudyinFranceintheyearone.我早年曾在法国学习。译例赏析：译例赏析：它用竹子做骨架，金字屋顶上，覆盖着蓑衣或松树皮，临河四周临河四周也是松树皮编成的女墙，可凭栏品茗，八面来风八面来风，即便三伏三伏天天，这茶居也是一片清凉的世界。(杨羽仪水乡茶居)Itisbuiltwithbambooastheframe.itsA-typedroofiscoveredwiththestraworpinebarkandall the three sides near the riverareparapetwallswovenwiththepinebark.Hereyoucansipteawiththe pleasant breeze from all directions.Evenin the hottest days of the year,theteastallisstillaplaceforrefreshment.两块肩胛骨高高凸出，印成一个阳文的“八八”字。(鲁迅药)andhisshoulderbladsstuckoutsosharply,aninvertedVseemedstampedhere.三角带？朝辞白帝彩云间，千里江陵一日还。两岸猿声啼不住，轻舟已过万重山。(李白早发白帝城)LeavingatdawntheWhiteEmperorcrownedwithcloud,IvesailedathousandlithroughThreeGorgesinaday;WiththemonkeysadieustheriverbanksareloudMyskiffhaslefttenthousandmountainsfaraway.Exercises一碗水端平八面玲珑八字还没一撇呢八字眉四海为家四通八达三弯九转九牛一毛百感交集TobejustandfairtobeallthingstoallmenIthasnotgottothefirstbase!slantedeyebrowsHomestandswhereveryougotoextendinalldirectionsmanytwistsandturnsadropintheoceanallsortsoffeelingsmixtogether(1)Standstillinthestreetfortwominutesandtenmillionpeoplewillrushatyoulikepinsatamagnet.(2)Ihavetodoitcarefully.Idontthinkthereisoneboyinathousand,maybetwothousand,thatcandoitthewayithastobedone.(3)Whenshetakesanideafirmlyintoherhead,evenifthewallsaretenthousandfeethigh,shecannotbepreventedfromcarryingitout.(4)Hehaswarnedmeagainstpickpockettwentytimes.(5)Ihaveathousandandonethingtodobeforewesetoutforholiday.Nowatersenoughwhenyouhavecrossedthesea,Nocloudisbeautifulbutthatwhichcrownsthepeak;Ipassbyflowersthatfailtoattractpoorme,HalfforyoursakeandhalfforTaoismIseek.曾经沧海难为水，除却巫山不是云。取次花丛懒回顾，半缘修道半缘君。(元稹离思)