定语从句在写作中的运用(教师版)说课讲解.doc

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定语从句在写作中的运用
1. contradiction n. Saying sth that conflicts with sth said or written by sb;disagreement反驳；矛盾
2. obstacle n. Thing which stands in the way and prevents progress 障碍；阻碍
3. approval n. Showing or saying that one thinks sth is good or acceptable or satisfactory 赞成；承认
4. revelation n. Making known sth that was secret or hidden;revealing 启示；揭示
5. critic n. Person who evaluates and describes the quality of sth,esp works of art,literature,music,etc 批评家；评论家
6. sponsor n. Person who agrees to be responsible for sth; person who puts forward a preposal;sports eent etc,usually in return for advertising 担保人；发起人；赞助者
7. merchant n. Person who buys and sells goods in large quantities 商人
8. Burglar n. Person who breaks into houses,shops,etc in order to steal 窃贼
9. Sequence n. Order in which things or events follow one another 顺序；序列
10. Squirrel n. Small tree-climbing animal with long furry tail that eats nuts and also stores them for the winter 松鼠

一、写作中常用的几种定语从句
1．关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。
Actually, we can't succeed in everything that we try. (2014·福建高考满分作文)

A sailor who has experienced no storm will never become an excellent sailor.(2013·福建高考满分作文)

没经历过暴风雨的水手永远不会成为一名优秀的水手。

I am deeply impressed by the great changes that have taken place in the school over the past three years (2011·福建高考满分作文)
.

Everyone of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills. (2014·辽宁高考满分作文)

I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which drove off quickly. (2014·湖北高考满分作文)

People can enjoy the moon while eating mooncakes, which are the special food for this festival.(2013·辽宁高考满分作文)
人们可以一边吃月饼一边赏月，月饼是这个节日的特殊食品。
2．关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句是指when，where，why引导的定语从句。
The reason why people celebrate the festival is that they believe it is the time when the moon is at its fullest and brightest in the whole year, and people will gather together eating mooncakes and appreciating the full moon.(2013·辽宁高考满分作文)
人们庆祝这个节日的原因是，他们相信这时候是一年中月亮最满、最亮的时候，人们聚在一起吃月饼、赏满月。
3．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句
Years of school life have taught me a lot of things, of which what strikes me most is that we should take care not to hurt others with our words, deliberately or by accident.(2013·湖北高考满分作文)
多年的校园生活教会了我很多东西，其中使我印象最深的是我们应该尽量不要用言语伤害别人，无论是故意还是无意。
[即时演练]　用适当的关系词填空
1．Those who do simple and ordinary jobs are also promoting the development of the society.(2013·广东高考满分作文)
2．As we all know, cleaning streets is one of the hardest work.(2013·广东高考满分作文)
3．Everyone of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills. (2014·辽宁高考满分作文)
4．The truth is ereryone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong, so you don’t have to worry so much. (2014·安徽高考满分作文)
5．She was educated at Beijing University, after which she went to have her advanced study abroad.
二、定语从句的写法
定语从句是比较难掌握而又是学生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，因此在写作时可采用“三步法”：

[示例]
第一步：写出两个简单句。
①The foreigner is from Canada.
②He visited our class yesterday.
第二步：在句①中找出一个要修饰的词汇：the foreigner。
第三步：用句②充当定语从句，the foreigner为先行词指人，句②中的代词he指代the foreigner且在句子中作主语，故用who或that作引导词。
The foreigner who/that visited our class yesterday is from Canada.
[即时演练]　把下列每组题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句
1．I've always longed for the days. I will be able to be independent then.
I've_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent.
2．I have a friend. Her father is an engineer.
I_have_a_friend_whose_father_is_an_engineer.
3．They planted the trees. The trees didn't need much water.
They_planted_the_trees_that/which_didn't_need_much_water.
4．This is the best method. It can be used against pollution.
This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_pollution.
5．They sent the elderly some fruits, cleaned the rooms and had a good chat with them. The elderly always feel lonely.
They_sent_some_fruits_to_the_elderly_who_always_feel_lonely,_cleaned_the_rooms_and_had_a_good_chat_with_them.

三、定语从句写作的几点注意事项
1．误用关系词
误：I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.
正：I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China.
误：I have a friend, who's name is Liu Mei.
正：I have a friend, whose name is Liu Mei.
2．句子残缺
误：There were many students took part in the English competition.
正There were many students who took part in the English competition.
误：Those who in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands.
正：Those who are in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands.
3．有多余词
误：The film I saw it last night was really very good.
正：The film I saw last night was really very good.
误：Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up there in my childhood.
正：Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up in my childhood.
4．定语从句与并列句的混淆
误：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, it does great harm to people's health.
正：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, which/and it does great harm to people's health.
误：His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, it didn't help.
正：His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, which/but it didn't help.
[即时演练]　单句改错
1．Those have work experience can find a job easily.________________
答案：Those后加who
2．Some songs remind us of the people which we love.________________
答案：which→ who(m)
3．This is the factory we visited it last year.________________
答案：去掉it
4．She has been a teacher for 30 years in the place where used to be a poor area.________________
答案：where→ which/that
5．As a child, Jack studied in a village school, it is named after his grandfather.________________
答案：it→ which或在it前加and

[综合演练提升]　
I.用定语从句翻译短语
1. 一个叫做Tom的男孩
_____________________
2. 教我们英语的老师
_____________________
3. 昨天我妈妈给我的钱
_________________________
4. 矗立在河边的楼房
_________________
5. 一位皮包被偷了的女士
_________________________________
6. 我们在农场工作的开心日子
__________________________________
7. 她工作的地方
______________________
8. 她没有交作业的原因
____________________________
总结：定语从句可以修饰主句的不同成分—主语，宾语，表语
非限制性定语从句，有时可以修饰整个主句。
1. The girl who studies hard is very beautiful.
2. I know the girl who studies hard.
3. This is the girl who studies hard.
II.翻译句子
1.不努力学习的学生不会通过考试的。
The students who don’t study hard will not pass the exam.
2. 她上周买的裙子非常好看。
The dress, which she bought last week ,is very nice .
3. 这就是他爸爸工作的地方。
This is the place where his father works.
4. 你们已经取得了很大的进步，这使老师非常高兴。
You have made great progress, which makes your teacher very happy.
5. 众所周知，他是一个好学生。
As is known to us all, he is a good student.
6. 北京是中国的首都，它是一座美丽的城市。
Beijing,which is the capital city of China ,is a very beautiful.
7. 鲁迅的原名(real name)是周树人。在他的一生中他写了很多小说和散文（prose)
Luxun, whose real name is ZhouShuren, wrote many novels and proses in his whole life .

III.欣赏句子
1．我总是会参观一些博物馆，这些博物馆对于拓宽视野、丰富知识来说是不应错过的。
I would visit some museums which_should_not_be_missed to widen my horizons as well as enrich my knowledge. (2013·山东高考满分作文)
2．当今，父母为他们的独生子女做所有的事情，这使得这些独生子女非常依赖于父母。
Nowadays parents have done everything for their single children, which_makes_the_children_rely_on_their_parents badly.(2013·福建高考满分作文)
3．你知道，中国结非常受中国人的喜欢。
As_you_know,_Chinese knots are very popular with Chinese people. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
4．你知道，我的叔叔李明要去你居住的城市参加一个国际会议。
You know, my uncle Li Ming is going to the city where you live to attend an international meeting.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
5．我经常想起被陌生人的言语伤害和侮辱的时候，甚至有时是来自熟悉的人。
I often think about the times when I have felt hurt and insulted by rude remarks from strangers and sometimes even from acquaintances.(2013·湖北高考满分作文)
IV.改写句子
例子：Jack is from Canada.He has studied in our school for three years .He often helps us learn English .He speaks Chinese very well.
改写1：Jack is a student of our school ,who comes from Canada.He has studied in our school for three years .He often helps us learn English ,and he speaks Chinese very well.
改写2：Jack comes from Canada. He is a student of our school where he has studied for 3 years .Not only does he often help us learn English but he speaks Chinese fluently as well.
实战演练：Our class is a big family; It consists of 12 girls and 50 boys. Most of them are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy. He is always ready to help others. He is such a good boy that we all like him.
答案：Our class is a big family which consists of 12 girls and 50 boys, most of whom are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy, who is always ready to help others. He is a good boy whom we all like.
V.请按以下内容要点写一篇有关你的同学Kate的英语短文，尽可能多地使用定语从句。
1．我有一个同学叫Kate，她的妈妈是我以前的英语老师。
2．Kate是一个容易相处的人，我们都喜欢她。
3．Kate在此次口语竞赛中获得第一名，这使得她妈妈很高兴。
4．新年就要到了，到时Kate会和她妈妈一起去香港。
5．众所周知，香港是一个购物天堂，Kate打算在那里买她需要的东西。
参考范文：
I have a classmate called Kate, whose mother is my former English teacher. Kate is a girl who is easy to get along with and we all like her. Kate took the first place in the Speech Contest, which makes her mother happy. The New Year is coming, when Kate will go to Hong Kong together with her mother. As we all know, Hong Kong is a shopping paradise, where Kate intends to buy what she needs.

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