沪教版七-下Unit-8-讲义加练习.doc

沪教版七（下）Unit 8 From hobby to career
一、词组归纳
1. in the future 在将来 2. the beginning of 在……开始时
3. on clear nights 在晴朗的夜晚 4. look at 看着
5. look like 看起来像 6. find out 找出，查明
7. learn about 知道，了解 8. in a lively way 用生动的方式
9. be proud of 为……感到骄傲 10. more than 多于，超过（over）
11. turn…into… 转变成…… 12. achieve one’s dream 实现某人的梦想
13. on TV 在电视上 14. enjoy oneself 玩得开心
15. grow up 长大，成长 16. next to 靠近
17. all my free time 我所有的空闲时间 18. decide to do sth 决定做某事
19. used to do sth 过去常常做某事 20. be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
21. by the way 顺便说一下 22. make progress 取得进步
23. how often 多久一次 24.give sb sth=give sth to sb 给某人某物
25. give up (doing sth) 放弃(做)某事 26. be interested in sth 对……感兴趣
27. from that day on 从那天开始 28. dream of (doing) sth 梦想做某事
29.from …to … 从……到…… 30 one another 彼此，相互
31. all over the worldaround the world 全世界 32. e true (梦想)成为现实，成真
33. dress up in +衣服 穿着……衣服 34. the same …as 与……一样
35. for a long time 很长时间 36. be well known 非常出名
37. make one’s dream e true 实现某人的梦想
二、课文讲解
1. hobby 名词，“兴趣，爱好”
Reading is my hobby.=My hobby is reading.
2. Learn to stress some two-syllable words used as both nouns and verbs.
学会对既可用作名词又可用作动词的双音节词的重读.
both … and… 既„„又„„，„„和„„两者都„„。 谓语动词用复数形式。Both Lucy and Lily are very beautiful.
neither 指“两者都不”（全部否定），neither…nor…既不..也不..谓语动词用靠近原则。
Neither Lucy nor Lily is right.
3. Talk about what job to do in the future. 谈论未来做什么工作。

(1) job是可数名词，意为“工作，职业” He is out of a job. 他失业了。
(2) work“工作，劳动”，指一般的工作，是普通名词，且作不可数名词。
He is looking for work now and he wants to find a suitable job for him.
他正在找工作，想找一份适合自己的工作。
(3) in the future指从今以后的全部将来。
In the future you’d better get his permission hobby. 今后你最好首先得到他的同意。
4. Write a short article about your favourite hobby.写一篇关于你最喜欢的业余爱好的小短文。
Favourite 作形容词，“最喜爱的”favourite 也可作名词，意为“特别喜爱的人或物”，是可数名词。
He is a great favourite. 他是个受大众喜爱的人。 The book is one of his favourite. 这是他最喜爱的书之一。
5. I used to go outside with my mum on clear nights and look at the sky.
我过去常常在晴朗的夜晚和妈妈到外面去并仰望天空。
(1) used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，而现在不做了，强调与现在的对比。
He used to get up early. 他过去常常早起。 I used to smoke, but I gave up 2 years ago
(2) be used for doing sth. 被用于做某事。与be used to do sth. 用法相同。
Stamps are used for sending letters.= Stamps are used to send letters. 邮票是用来寄信的。
Wood is used to make paper in the past.
(3) be / get used to + 名词/代词/动名词 意为“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介 词。
Don’t worry, you will soon get used to the noise.
I’m not quite used to the weather here yet. 我还不太习惯这儿的天气。
He gets used to living in the city. 他习惯了住在城市里。
6. It looked like black velvet with a million diamonds on it.它看起来像上面镶有一百万颗钻石的黑色天鹅绒.
(1) look like 看起来像. Lucy looks like Lily. 露西看上去像莉莉.
Look after 照顾 Mary often helps look after her brother.
Look at 看着 Look at the white board, please.
Look for 寻找 I’m looking for my lost pen.
(2) million 百万. two million 2百万 millions of 数百万

It kills millions of birds every year. 每年它杀死数以百万计的鸟.
7. Sometimes we saw stars shooting brightly across the sky. 有时候我们看见星星明亮地划过天空.
(1) some times 几次,几倍 We have been to Shanghai some times.
(2) sometime 用来指过去或将来的一个不确定的时间.
I saw Mr Green sometime in March. 3月份的某个时候我曾见过格林先生.
We will meet again sometime next week. 下周的某个时候我们将再见面.
(3) Some time 一段时间
It will take me some time to draw the picture. 画这幅画将花我一些时间.
8. Once I learnt a little about them, I soon wanted to find our more and more.
1) learn about 了解，学会He learnt a lot about Chinese history while in China.
2) find/look for/ find out
a. look for 和find 找
look for 强调找的过程和动作I’m looking for my pen.
b. find强调结果Can you find the police station on the map?
c. Find out 是指经过调查发现， 查明真相Let’s find out what we can do for her.
3) more and more越来越English is being more and more important.
9. I host a TV programme called The Sky at Night.
1) host动词，“主持” (hosts、hosting、hosted、hosted)
Apart from my host, I didn't know a single person there.除了主人外，那里的人我一个也不认识。
Tonight she hosts a ball for 300 guests.今晚她做东举办一场有300名客人参加的舞会。
Host 名词，“客人”拓展：host的反义词 guest 客人； 相关词： hostess 女主人
2) called “被叫做”，动词-ed 形式可表示被动含义。
He is called Tom. I read a book called Old Man and Sea yesterday.
10. I use my knowledge to tell people about the stars in a lively way.
我用我的知识以一种生动的方式让人们了解星星.
(1) knowledge 不可数名词,意为“知识” We should use knowledge to solve the problems.
(2) lively 形容词，“生动的” (livelier、liveliest)
He made the liveliest speech in class. 他在课上做了一次最生动的演讲。
She was very lively at the stage. 她在舞台上非常活跃。
Her eyes are bright and lively. 她的眼睛明亮有神.

11. I am proud of my TV programme—it has lasted for more than 50 years!
我以我的电视节目而自豪---它已经持续了50多年!
(1) be proud of =take pride in以„„而自豪
His mother is proud of him. 他的母亲因他而自豪。=His mother takes pride in him.
(2) more than=over “超过”He is more than 50 years old.
(3) last 在句中为动词，意为“持续”。 The game lasted for two hours. 这场比赛持续了两个小时。
12. Actually, you can turn your hobby into your career too.
1) actually = in fact “事实上，实际上”， 对前面内容进行总结，解释。
2) turn … into … change …into… 把……变成……
He turned failure into success.=He changed failure into success.
13. Anybody can achieve their dreams.
Achieve one’s dream=make one’s dream e true 实现某人的梦想
achieve 动词，“实现”(achieves、achieving、achieved、achieved)
You must work hard to achieve all your goals. 你必须努力实现你所有的目标
Everyone wants to achieve success. 每个人都想获得成功。
achievement 名词，意思为“成就，成绩”
He graduated with excellent achievement. 他以优异成绩毕业。
14. That sounds good.
Sound 名词，“声音”，指大自然界中的风声，雨声，落叶声，虫叫声等。
sound 连系动词，“听起来”，后接名词，形容词，
That sounds a good idea. That sounds like the singing of a bird. like介词短语作表语。
15. I kept studying the stars because it was good.
Keep doing sth 坚持做……； 一直做……
16. His mother spent many exciting moments looking at the stars.
人Spend time/ money on sth 人Spend time/ money (in) doing sth
I spend 10 yuan on the book.=I spend 10 yuan (in) buying the book.
16.I decided to leave my job.
Decide 动词，“决定” decide to do sth 决定做某事
Decision 名词，：“决定” make a decision做决定
17. I trained to be a sailing teacher.
1) Train 名词，“火车”
Go to sp by train=take a/ the train to sp 坐火车去某地
He often goes to school by train.=He often takes the train to school.
2) train 动词，“训练”Train to do sth 接受训练
He’s training to be a doctor. 他正接受做医生的训练。
Train sb to do sth 训练某人做某事I often train my students to speak English.
18. It’ll be really useful for my school project on stars.
Be useful for 对……有用
So I thought this may be useful for you to remember words.我认为这对帮助你们,记忆单词很有用。
19. By the way, how’s your project?
By the way 顺便一下In the/ one’s way 拦路，挡道
On one’s way (to sp) 在（某人去某地的）路上All the way 一直，总是
In a way 在某种程度上
20. I’m making good progress.
Make progress 取得进步 好好学习，天天向上。Study hard and make progress every day.
21. What do you enjoy doing in your free time？
In one’s free time 在某人的空闲时间In my free time（我空闲时），I often help to do some housework.
22. Maybe you could bee a PE teacher.
Maybe “也许”，副词，做状语，放句首、句中。May be “也许”，情态动词+be，做谓语，放句中。
He may be at home.=He is maybe at home.=Maybe he is at home.
23. Do you do it alone or with a group of friends.
1) alone 形容词：“单独的，独自的” alone 副词“单独，独自”=by oneself
Lonely 形容词“孤单的，寂寞的”
He is alone．（adj．） He lives alone．（adv．） = He lives by himself.
a lonely traveler 无伴的旅行者
注意：alone没有感情色彩，但lonely则表示“孤单、寂寞”的感受。例：
The old man lived alone, but he never felt lonely. Because he had many friends.
24. Never give up.
Give up (doing sth) 放弃（做某事）Please give up smoking(吸烟)，it’s bad for your health.
25. Jane dreamt of a career studying wild animals in Africa.
①dream (n)梦； I had a dream about my old school．我做了一个梦，梦见了我的母校。
②dream (n)梦想 If I win，it will be a dream ing true．如果我赢了，那就是梦想成真。
③dream (v)做梦 dream of／about梦见；梦想 I dreamt about/ of you last night．我昨晚梦见你了。
26. Jane travelled from Britain go the mountains of East Africa.
from…to… 从……到…… I work from Monday to Friday. (从星期一到星期五)
It is 500 meters from here to the bank, （从这儿到银行）
27. Jane is now well known all over the world.
1) be well known be famous “著名的，闻名的”
He is a very famous artist.=He is a very well-known artist.
2) all over the world=around the world “全世界”
My dream is to travel all over the world.

单元语法
一、when引导的时间状语从句
I.构成
When（当...的时候），可将两个分句连接在一个句子中，表示同时发生的两件事。When引导的分句被称为“时间状语从句”，时间状语从句有两部分组成：
Part A
When I went out,
Part B
it started to rain.
A部分为时间状语从句，B部分为主句。从句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。当从句置于主句前时，从句应加逗号（，）。
When I went out, it started to rain.我出去的时候，天下起了雨。It started to rain when I went out.
II.用法
注意主句和从句时态上的一致性：
Mandy usually talks to her friends when she is on her way to school.曼迪上学的路上通常会和朋友聊天。
When I went out, it started to rain.我出去的时候，天下起了雨。
When引导的时间状语从句+祈使句：表示请求或申明规则。
When you see Jane, give her my regards.你见到简的时候，请替我问候她。
When there is a fire, do not use the lift.遇到火宅时，请勿使用电梯。
当描述将来发生的动作时，主句使用一般将来时，when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时（类似if）
When I get home this evening, I’m going to have a shower immediately.我今晚到家就会马上洗澡。
I can’t talk to you now. I will talk to you later when I have time.我现在不能和你聊天。等我有时间了再跟你聊。
I will talk to you if I have time.如果我有时间，我会跟你说话。
III常用句式(比较难)
1）Sb. be doing+ when表示“正在做某事...突然...”
I was doing my homework when the light went out.我正在写作业突然停电了。
We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会，这时有个人闯进来。
2）Sb. be about to do sth./sb be going to do sth./sb be on the point of doing sth.+ when表示“正要做某事...突然...”
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.我正外出xx就响了。
We were going to leave, when it suddenly began to rain.我们正准备出发，这时突然下起雨来了。
We were at the point of leaving, when it suddenly began to rain.我们正准备出发，这时突然下起雨来了。
3) Sb. had (just) done +when表示“刚做完某事...突然...”
I had just entered the house when it began to rain.我刚进门就下雨了。
I had just arrived home when my friend dropped in on me.我刚到家，朋友就来拜访我家了。
IV. when、 as、 while比较(比较难)
when引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候 when既可以指时间段也可指时间点， 从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词， 且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生：
I’ll call you when I get there. 我一到那里就给你打xx。
When the wind blows, all the doors rattle. 只要风一吹， 这门就吱嘎作响。
He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time. 他不再试了， 其实他可能下一次就成功。
When I came home my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家时， 妻子在做晚饭。
while引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”， 它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行，用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词， 或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中， 主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词：
Study while you study; play while you play. 该学习的时候就学习， 该玩的时候就玩。
I met her while I was at school. 当我在学校的时候我遇见了她。
as引导时间状语从句时表示“当……时， 一边……一边……”， 侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主语同时进行两个动作)， 或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化：
He jumps as he goes along.他边走边跳。I slipped on the ice as I ran home. 我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。
I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 正当他下公共汽车时, 我看见了他。
As the wind rose the noise increased.刮风的时候噪声增大。
二、used to+do
used to do sth.意思是“过去常常做某事”，表示过去经常做或一直做而现在不做，它只用于过去时态。
(一)肯定句式：主语+used to+动词原形……
I used to go to the cinema,but I never have time now.我过去经常去看电影，但现在没有时间了。
He used to listen to pop music but now he likes rock music.他过去总听流行音乐，但现在喜欢摇滚了。
(二)否定句式：1)主语+did not use to+动词原形……2)主语+used not to+动词原形……
【注解：】第一种否定句型，就是把used当做实义动词来看，所以变否定句要用助动词did第二种否定句是把used当做情态动词，变否定句直接在used后面加not即可，used not可以缩写成usedn't或usen't。
美式英语通常用A种形式，英式英语常用B种形式。
You didn't use to drink.你过去不喝酒。The shop usedn't to open on Sundays. 过去这家商店星期天不营业。

(三)一般疑问句式：
1)Did+主语+use to+动词原形……?--Yes, sb did./ No, sb didn’t.
2)Used+主语+to+动词原形……?--Yes, sb used to./No, sb usedn’t.
美式英语通常用A种形式，英式英语用B种形式。例如：
Did you use to go swimming in the river when you were young?你小时候经常在河里游泳吗?
Used he go to school by bike?他过去骑车上学吗?
(四)used to用于省略句时，肯定式保留to，否定式不保留to：
——Used you play basketball?——你过去常打篮球吗?
——Yes, I used to.(No,I usedn't.)——是的，经常打。(不，不常打。)
I don't write to him now, but I used to.我现在不给他写信了，但过去经常写。
(五)区分（常考点）
Be/get used to doing sth.意为"习惯、适应某事/做某事"，它表示习惯于某一客观事实或状态，其中to是介词，后面跟名词、代词或动名词；
　　Old people are used to getting up early in the morning.老年人习惯早晨很早起床。
　　I wasn't used to city life, but now I have got used to living in this city.
我以前不习惯都市生活，但现在我已习惯住在这座城市了。
2. be used to do sth.=be used for doing sth 意为"被用来做某事"，其中use表"使用"之意，是被动语态形式，to是动词不定式符号。　　Wood can be used to make paper.树木可以用来造纸。
The colorful papers are used for decoration./decorating the room.这些彩纸用于装饰/装饰房间
语法练习
一、【时间状语从句专练】
1、 I had just steeped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ____ I heard the steps.
A. while B. when C. since D. after
2、He was about halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice came to his ears.
A. why B. where C. when D. while
3、We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started. A. when B. while C. until D. before
4、 — I’m going to the post office. — ____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
5、____ the days went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As
6、Tom ____ into the house when no one ____.
A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked
7、I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ____.
A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred
二、【used to专练】
I. 选择最佳答案。
1. Sally ______ shy, but now she is quite outgoing. She has made lots of friends.
A. was used to be B. is used to be C. was used to being D. used to be
2. —Excuse me, does Jim live here? —He ______ live here, but he has moved.
A. used for B. used to C. was used to D. got used to
3. Jack ______ help Mary with her lessons.
A. used to B. use to C. uses to D. is used to
4. I ______ get up early and take an hour’s walk before breakfast.
A. use to B. uses to C. is used to D. used to
5. Sunglasses are used ______ protecting your eyes in sunny days.
A. for B. to C. with D. In
II. 按要求进行句型转换。每空一词。
1. My brother used to play football after school. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
______ your brother ______ ______ ______ football after school? No,he ______.
2. His brother used to be a quiet boy. (改为否定句)
His brother ______ ______ ______ ______ a quiet boy.
3. There used to be an old hospital behind our school, ______ ______? (完成反意疑问句)
4. I used to see my aunt once a month. (就划线部分提问)
______ ______ ______ you ______ ______ see your aunt?
5. Mary used to stand at the window and wave goodbye. (改为一般疑问句)
______ Mary ______ ______ stand at the window and wave goodbye?
III. 根据汉语提示，完成下列句子。每空一词。
1. He ______ ______ ______ (以前是) a history teacher in our school.
2. There ______ ______ ______ (以前有) an old temple near the village.
3. She ______ ______ ______ ______(习惯于散步) after supper.
4. Wood ______ ______ ______ ______(被用来制造) paper.
5. Mrs Black ______ ______ ____________ (已习惯于) eating with chopsticks.
随堂练习：
一、根据课文内容填空。
1、在将来，我想成为一名医生。 I want to be a doctor _____ _____ _____
2、我曾经去河边游泳。 I ____ ____ swim in the river.
3、他经常在周末外出。 He always _____ _____ at weekends.
4、越来越多的人来这个公园游览。 _____ _____ _____ people e to visit the park.
5、那些星星看起来像闪闪发光的钻石。 Those stars ______ ______