新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程2-Unit-3-A篇练习答案及课文翻译.ppt

2023/5/241ContentsActive Reading 1Active Reading 12023/5/2421.Whats your first impression of American football game?2.What are the differences between American football and soccer?3.Watch the video clip and discuss the cruelty and wildness of sports.Warming Up2023/5/243American footballisaballgamewithcomplexrulesandintricate strategies,played in a number of countries butmainlyintheUS.Eachteamhas11playersonthefieldatatime(out of 46 in a whole team who are divided intooffence,defenceandspecializedteams)andeachplayerhasaspecializedroleortaskforeachspecificplay.Playerscarrytheegg-shapedballandpassorhanditbackwardstoothers(a“running play”)or throw it forwards to team-mates(a“passingplay”).Opposingplayersmay“tackle”aplayerrunningwithball(bypushing,graspingorpulling)orblockotherplayers.Warming Up2023/5/244Playsusuallybeginwitha“scrimmage”inwhichplayersonthe field take up particular formations for offence anddefenceandconsistofaseriesof“downs”(rapidburstsofplay in which the offence attempts to advance the balltowardstheiropponentsendzone),outsideofwhichtheballis“dead”(outofplay).Themainpointsarescoredbya6-point“touchdown”(when the ball is taken to theopponentsendzone),a3-point“fieldgoal”(whentheballiskickedthroughtheopponentsgoalposts),ora2-point“safety”(bytacklinganopposingballcarrierintheirownendzone).Warming Up2023/5/245Players need strength,speed,technique and highcollaborationandunderstandingofteamworkindifferentplays.Becausethegamestopsafterevery“down”,teamshavemanyopportunitiestochangethe“plays”,choosingdifferent ones from a wide repertoire with differentstrategies(saferormorerisky,disguisedordeceptive,easyor more complex ones),which makes American footballlikeawargame.Soccerisawordforthegameoffootball.ThewordsoccerisusedsothatitisnotconfusedwithAmericanfootball.Warming Up2023/5/246TextBlowing the whistle on soccerDiscuss the questionsGo to the text2023/5/247Text1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.2 Look at the title and the first two paragraphs of the passage and answer the questions.2023/5/248Text1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.1WhatarethemostpopularsportsinChina?2DoyouthinkforeignerscanunderstandChinesesportssuchastaichiandkungfu?3Doyouunderstandforeignsports,suchasfootballandtennis?4Howmuchdoyouthinknationalcultureisreflectedinsports?2023/5/249Text1 What are the most popular sports in China?Well,I believe it has been a tradition that sports likebasketball,tabletennis,badminton,volleyball,swimming,gymnastics,martialartsandtaichiarethemostpopularsports in China.However,in recent years,football hascertainly become very popular,along with some othersportslikegolf,tennis,skiing,carracingandsnooker.2023/5/2410Text2 Do you think foreigners can understand Chinese sports such as tai chi and kung fu?Thisisastrangequestion.Whynot?ChinesepeoplecansurelyunderstandsportswhichhavecometoChinafromother countries,invented or developed by foreigners,cant they?So the reverse must also be true.ManyforeignersareinterestedintraditionalChinesesportslikemartialartsandtaichi,andiftheylearnthemwelltheycanunderstandthem.2023/5/2411Text3 Do you understand foreign sports,such as football and tennis?Well,Iknowthesports,butIdontknowtherulesandhardlywatchthem.Yes.Iunderstandabit.Footballisaballgameinwhichtwoteamsof11players,usinganypartoftheirbodiesexcepttheirhandsandarms,trytomanoeuvertheballintotheopposingteamsgoal.Tennisisplayedonacourtbytwoplayers(orfourfordoubles).Playersonoppositesidesofanethitaballoverthenetwitharacketsothatitlandsontheothersideofthecourt.2023/5/2412Text4 How much do you think national culture is reflected in sports?Ibelieveparticipatinginsportsisaveryimportantwaytopublicize,popularize and develop a national culture.Throughsports,thenationshowsitssportingspirit,andalsotheconditionofitssportsfacilities,whichindicatethegeneralqualityoflife.Forexample,the2008BeijingOlympic Games and Para-Olympics were successfulsportingeventswhichshowedhowtheChinesenationiskeentoimplementitsmottoof“OneWorld,OneDream”.2023/5/2413TextChinesepeopledemonstratedtheirdevotiontotheidealsofpeace,respect,careandworkingforabetterlife,andtheysharedtheirvisionwithallothernations.Fromtheeventsandceremonies,peopleallovertheworldcouldseethatChinahasdevelopedintoamodernsociety,withgood sporting,transport and living facilities.Chinesepeople heartily supported the events,and wereenthusiastic about helping foreign visitors enjoy theirtimeduringtheeventsinChina.2023/5/2414Text2 Look at the title and the first two paragraphs of the passage and answer the questions.1Blow the whistle on someone or something meanstotellpeopleaboutsomethingyouknowiswrong.Whydoyouthinkthewriterchosethistitle?2IsbaseballapopularsportinFrance?3IsthewriterFrenchorAmerican?4IsbaseballapopularsportforAmericans?5IssoccerapopularsportforAmericans?6Willtherestofthepassagedescribebaseballorsoccer?7Willitbeafactualdescriptionorahumorousone?8Doesthewriterenjoywatchingsoccerandfinditexciting?9IsthewriterlookingforwardtotheWorldCup?2023/5/2415Text1Blow the whistle on someone or something means to tell people about something you know is wrong.Why do you think the writer chose this title?Theuseofthephraseblow the whistle hereisapun,which indicates a)something needs to be said aboutsoccerand,b)therefereeblowsawhistletostartandstopasoccermatch.2 Is baseball a popular sport in France?No.Idontthinkso.Butfootballisverypopularthere.2023/5/2416Text3 Is the writer French or American?IbelievethewriterisanAmerican,becausethewriterindicates that baseball is a foreign sport to his Frenchfriend,butbaseballispopularintheUS.4 Is baseball a popular sport for Americans?Oh,yes.Baseballisplayedinschoolsandbyprofessionals.Other popular sports include basketball,Americanfootball and ice hockey,I understand.But in the 2008Olympics,theUSteamonlywonthebronzeforbaseball.TheKoreanteamwonthegold!2023/5/2417Text5 Is soccer a popular sport for Americans?Unfortunatelyitisnot,althoughthereismoreinterestinitnow.Thewriterindicatesthiswith:“Iwillhavenocluewhatsgoingonoutthereonthepitch.”6 Will the rest of the passage describe baseball or soccer?Iguessitisaboutsoccer,sincethelastfewsentencestalkabouthowpuzzledthewriterisaboutsoccer.7 Will it be a factual description or a humorous one?Well,itislikelytobeahumorousone.Thefirstparagraphdescribing his French friend has set the tone of thepassage through its use of humour,showing that thepassageisntreallyserious.2023/5/2418Text8 Does the writer enjoy watching soccer and find it exciting?Idoubtitverymuch,sincethewriterclaims“Imcollidingwith this same cultural barrier”,where people dontknowtherulesandreasonsfortheexcitementofagame.9 Is the writer looking forward to the World Cup?Notreally.Thewritertalksabouthowmuchheispuzzledby soccer(“I will have no clue whats going on outthere”),andstatesthatitistimeforacriticalassessmentofthesport(“blowthewhistleontheso-calledbeautifulgame”).2023/5/2419Blowing the whistle on soccer1AFrenchfriendofminegotabiglaughatadinnerpartyrecentlywith his account of the game of baseball:“Seven guys standaroundinafielddoingnothingwhiletwooftheirteammatesthrowtheballbackandforth.”Text2023/5/24202Iunderstanditshardtogetexcitedaboutaforeignsportifyoudidntgrowupwithit.NowImcollidingwiththissameculturalbarrier.TheWorldCupsoccertournamentbeginsonJune9andIwillhavenocluewhatsgoingonoutthereonthe“pitch”.Itseemsagoodtimetoblowthewhistleontheso-calledbeautifulgame.Text2023/5/24213IhavebeenwatchingsoccerforyearsandallIcanseeonthefieldis22grownmeninshortsrunningaroundmadlytryingtokicktheballandtrippingovereachother.Iguesstheobjectistogettheballintothenet(alsoknownasthegoal),butifitevergetscloseitlookslikeanaccident.4Whatwehavehere,itwouldseem,isagameofchance.Text2023/5/24225Foranhourandahalf,thefieldisasceneofsheerchaosastheballsailsbackandforthandthefanshumsomemournfultunereminiscentof“TheSlavesChorus”fromNabucco.Neitherteamseemstobeincontrol.6Thescoringsystemsaysitall.Mostfinalsare00,10or21,indicatingthatgamestendtobestand-offsanditsamatteroflucktobeaheadwhentimerunsout.Toputagoodfaceonit,theycallthistensionorsuspense.Text2023/5/24237NewcomerstosoccermostlyAmericansmightwonderhowmanywayspointscanbescored.Besideskickingtheballitispermittedtowhackitinmid-airwithyourhead,whichisnotthebestuseofthecranium,asdoctorswilltellyou.8To be honest,though,many goals are scored by the ballaccidentallybouncingoffrandomplayerswhogetintheway.Thecrowdlovesthese,especiallywhenadefenderslegsendstheballbychance,ofcourseintohisownnet.Text2023/5/24249Goalsarethebestillustrationofthechancenatureofthisgame.Ninetypercentofgoalshots(knownas“chances”or,inhopelesscases,“half chances”,or in France,opportunits)are eitherblocked or are sofar offcourse that they soar deep into thestands.10Iftheballhappenstobeaimedaboutrightandslipsthroughtheforestofhairylegs,itssheerluck.Theshooter,or“striker”,then takes full credit for this accident,peels off his shirt andsprintsaroundincirclesasfourorfivefellowplayersjumponhisbacktotrytostophimandgethisshirtbackon.11Thechaosresumes,thehumminginthestandsstartsupagain,andtheclockslowlyticksawaytoward90longminutes.Text2023/5/242512Unlikebaseballorbasketball,precisionball-handlingisnotatop priority in soccer except perhaps for Thierry Henry and acoupleofBrazilians.Letsfaceit,Godnevermeantformostofustocontrolaballwiththefeetwhilerunningattopspeed.13Periodicallyaplayergetsanelbowinthefaceandgoesdownwrithing.Theclockstopswhilelittlemenwithblackbagsrushoverandmassagehisphony-baloneyinjury,afterwhichhejumpsupgoodasnew.Theplayerwhoelbowedhimgetssomethingcalleda“yellowcard”,amildreprimand.Text2023/5/242614Howcanyouhaveasportinwhichstrategiesandregulationsaresoobscure?Besidesthemysteryof“injurytime”,thereissomethingcalledthe“offsiderule”,whichdeems,roughly,thatthestrikercannotreceivetheballunlessatleasttwoopposingplayers are ahead of him.Why not?This leaves everyoneperplexed.15Nottoworryevenprofessionalcommentatorsareatalossforwords.TheBBCsvoiceofsoccer,JohnMotson,notesthatthereisno“universalinterpretation”oftheoffsiderule.Imaginerealfootballwithnoagreementonwhat“touchdown”means.Text2023/5/242716Whydoesyourtypicalsoccermatchseemsooutofcontrol?Simple.Onlyonerefereeisonthefield,andheisresponsibleforkeeping22hopped-upathletesinline.Heallowsnobacktalk(forthis,you get a“red card”and a shower)but most of theinfractionspushing,punching,tripping,kneeing,handballingare committed when he isnt looking.But the fans see them,settingoffmoremoansinthestands.17The mystery remains why so many people flock to see thisgame.Imustbemissingsomething.Text2023/5/2428Text揭足球的短揭足球的短 1 我的一位法国朋友在最近的一次晚宴上说起垒球时哈哈大笑：“当两个队友在场上来回投球时，另外七个小伙子在边上站着无事可做。”2023/5/2429Text 2 我知道，如果一个人不是从小就接触某项外来的运动，他就很难对它感兴趣。现在我正遭遇同样的文化壁垒。6月9号世界杯足球赛就要开始了，而我对球员在“球场”上干些什么却一无所知。看起来这是给这个所谓的精彩赛事揭短的一次大好机会。2023/5/2430Text 3 我看足球也有好几年了，我所看到的就是22个穿着短裤的成年人在场上疯狂地奔跑，力争踢到球，互相绊倒对方。我猜想他们的目的是要把球踢进网里（也叫球门），可是，如果不是碰巧的话，球是很难靠近球门的。4看起来，我们现在谈论的是一项靠运气取胜的运动。2023/5/2431Text5 整整一个半小时，球场上一片混乱：球飞来飞去，球迷们在哼着一首悲伤的曲子，让人想起纳布卡的“奴隶合唱团”。双方队员好像都失控了。6 记分法说明了一切：多数球赛都是以00、10或21结束，这意味着球赛结果倾向于平局，如果比赛结束时一方胜出了，那只是因为他们运气好。为了粉饰这种现象，他们称这样的比赛为“激烈”或“有悬念”。2023/5/2432Text7 足球新人大多是美国人或许不知道有多少种得分法。除了用脚踢球之外，在空中用头顶球也是允许的。可医生会告诉你，这可不是脑袋的最大用途。8 老实说，很多进球是从某个无意中挡住球的球员身上反弹进球门的。观众喜欢这种进球，尤其是防守队员当然是偶然地把球送进了自家的网内。2023/5/2433Text9射门最好地说明了这种比赛的碰运气性质：90%的射门（被称为“机会”，或在无望的情况下，称为“半个机会”；在法国称为opportunits）或被挡住，或因为射得太偏球直接飞上了看台。10万一球碰巧瞄准了，穿过长满毛的队员的腿滑进球门，那纯粹是运气。射门的人，亦称“前锋”，会因为纯属偶然的进球而独揽所有的赞誉，他会脱掉球衣，绕圈猛跑，四、五个队友会扑到他的背上阻止他，让他穿上球衣。11接着又恢复了混乱，看台上的观众又开始哼歌曲，而计时器则在滴答声中慢悠悠地走向漫长的90分钟的尽头。2023/5/2434Text12 足球与垒球或篮球不一样，对足球来说准确的控球并不是最重要的，蒂埃里亨利和几个巴西球员例外。让我们面对事实吧：上帝从未想让我们大多数人在全速跑动时用脚来控制球。13时不时地会有球员脸上挨了一肘，躺在草地上痛苦地翻腾。这时会暂停计时，几个提着黑包的小个子男人会跑过来按摩他那假装、胡说的受伤部位，然后他又活蹦乱跳地站起来。那位肘击他的球员会得到一张叫“黄牌”的东西：一种温和的惩戒。2023/5/2435Text14 怎么会有战术和规则都如此模糊不清的运动呢？除了“伤停时间”之谜，还有那个被称为“越位”的规则，大概是指除非有两位对方球员在他的前头否则前锋不能接队友的传球。为什么不能呢？这让所有的人都迷惑不解。15 不必担心即便是职业解说员也往往对此感到语塞。BBC的足球名嘴约翰莫特森认为对越位规则“不存在国际通用的解释”。想想真正的足球（即美国人的橄榄球译注）对“持球触地”没有一致的解释会有什么后果吧。2023/5/2436Text 16 为何你们典型的足球比赛看上去如此失控呢？很简单，因为球场上只有一名裁判，他要负责管束22名极度兴奋的运动员。他不允许球员提出异议（否则就给他一张“红牌”，让他冲个澡走人）。但是，大多数的犯规，如推人、出拳打人、使绊、用膝盖顶人、手球都是在他看不到的情况下进行的。可是球迷都看见了，于是引发了观众席上更多的抱怨。17有一个谜一直解不开：为什么会有这么多人蜂拥前去观看这项比赛呢？我一定是漏掉了什么关键的东西。2023/5/2437Words&Phrases2023/5/2438Words&Phrases2023/5/2439Words&Phrases2023/5/2440teammaten.Csomeonewhoisinthesameteamasyou队友；同队队员e.g.SoonYaoMingwonthetrustofhisteammates.很快姚明赢得了队友的信任。Words&Phrases2023/5/2441collidevi.1.to finditimpossibletoagreeaboutsth.出现矛盾；发生冲突e.g.1.When truths collide,compromise becomes the firstcasualty.(HenryA.Kissinger)当事实相互抵触时，首当其冲的受害者是妥协。亨利A.基辛格）2.Hisreligiousbeliefsoftencollidedwiththerealitiesofhislife.他的宗教信仰与他的现实生活之间经常出现矛盾。Words&Phrases2023/5/24422.ifpeopleorthingscollide,theycrashintoeachother碰撞；相撞e.g.1.Hiscarnearlycollidedwithabus.他的汽车几乎与一辆公共汽车相撞。2.Inrunningroundthecorner,hecollidedwithanotherman.在跑过拐角时，他撞上另一个人。Word family:collision n.Words&Phrases2023/5/2443tournament n.Caseriesofgamesinwhichthewinnerofeachgameplaysinthenextgameuntilthereisoneplayerorteamleft锦标赛；联赛e.g.1.Several top teams have agreed to play in thetournament.已有几个顶级队伍同意参加此次锦标赛。2.Hewasthebestboxerinthetournament.他是本届联赛的最佳拳手。Synonym:championship:a competition to find the bestplayerorteaminasportorgame锦标赛；冠军赛Words&Phrases2023/5/2444cluen.C(to/as to/about)anobjectorfactthat sb.discovers that helps them solve a crime ormystery;a piece of information that helps explain asituationorprovideasolutiontoaproblem线索；提示 e.g.1.Policestillhavenocluesastotheidentityofthekiller.警察对凶手的身份还没有线索。2.Twodetectiveswerebroughtintohelpsearchforclues.两个侦探被找来帮着寻找线索。3.Hisexpressionlessfacegavehernoclueastowhathewasthinking.他的脸上毫无表情，令她无从知晓他在想什么。Words&Phrases2023/5/2445Words&Phrasespitch n.C(BrE)aflatareaofgroundforplayingparticularsportson（运动）场所，场地e.g.1.Hundredsoffansinvadedthepitchattheendofthegame.比赛结束后，数百名球迷冲进球场。2.OffthepitchLiuXianghasareputationasaneasy-goingcharacter.人所共知，赛场以外的刘翔是个平易近人的人。2023/5/2446Words&Phrasesmadlyad.inaveryexcitedoruncontrolledway 猛烈地；疯狂地；拼命地e.g.1.Heranintotheclassroom,hisheartbeatingmadly.他跑进教室，心猛烈地跳着。2.Berthascalmwasmerelyexternal,herbrainwasinawhirlandherheartbeatmadly.伯莎的镇定只是表面上的，她头脑里一片混乱，心在剧烈地狂跳。Word family:mada.madnessn.2023/5/2447sheer a.usedforemphasizingtheamountordegreeofsth.纯粹的；全然的；绝对的e.g.1.Heachievedhisaimbysheerstrengthofwill.他纯粹靠意志力达到了目的。2.Itwassheerluck.那纯属运气。3.Iaminsheerignoranceofthematter.我对此事全然无知。Words&Phrases2023/5/2448hum v.1.tomakemusicalsoundswithyourlipsclosed哼（曲子）e.g.1.SheishummingafolksongthatIneverheardbefore.她在哼一首我以前从没听过的民歌。2.NowwhenIplayCDs,youhumandtapyourfeet.现在我放CD，你一边哼，一边用脚打拍子。2.tomakealow,continuoussound发出嗡嗡声e.g.Abeehummedaroundflowers.一只蜜蜂围着花朵嗡嗡作响。Words&Phrases2023/5/2449mournfula.verysad 悲痛的；忧伤的e.g.1.Mournfulnewscamefromthefront.前方传来了令人悲痛的消息。2.Shesighedandlookedmournful.她叹了口气,显得很伤心。Word family:mournv.mournfullyad.mournfulness n.Words&Phrases2023/5/2450reminiscenta.(of)remindingyouofpeopleorexperiencesinyourpast;remindingsb.ofsth.追忆往事的；怀旧的；使人想起某事的e.g.1.Thesceneissofamiliar,reminiscentofmychildhood.这个场景很熟悉，让我想起童年的情景。2.This painting is strongly reminiscent of Da VincisAnnunciation.这幅画使人立即联想到达芬奇的天使报喜。Words&Phrases2023/5/2451chorusn.C1.apieceofmusicthatissungbyalargegroup