Unit3Howdoyougettoschool知识精讲加习题.doc

Unit3 How do you get to school?【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容： Unit 4 How do you get to school? 二. 教学目标： 1. 学会谈论交通工具和距离。 2. 学会合理安排行程，并合理利用交通工具。 3. 学习设计实践调查报告中的问题，并提出解决问题的简单方案。三. 重点词汇及短语：11 subwayn. 地铁， 地下火车 train n. 火车 minuten. 分钟 kilometern. 公里，千米 quick adj. 快的，迅速的 halfn. 一半，二分之一 pastprep. 在时间上超过，在.之后，经过 stopn. 车站 transportationn. 运送，运输 north n. 北部，北方 adj. 北部的，北方的 dependv. 依靠，依赖 mustaux.v. 必须，一定要 bicycle n. 自行车 illadj. 生病的，不健康得 worryv. 担心，担忧，焦虑 grow up长大，成长 take sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人某些时间去做某事 in common 共有，相同 leave for 离开去某地 travel abroad 去国外旅游 go down to延续至；走下去 most of大多数的 some of 一些 take the subway乘坐地铁 how far 多远 bus station 汽车站 bus ride乘汽车之行 school bus校车 come back 回来 take the train乘坐火车 take the bus乘坐公共汽车 get to school到校 by boat乘坐小船 walk to school步行去上学 from .to.从.到. half past six 六点半 depend on 依靠，依赖 be different from 和.不同 have to不得不四. 重点句型： 1. How do you get to school? I ride my bike. How does he get to school? He takes the bus. 2. How long does it take? It takes about forty minutes. 3. Lin Feis home is about 10 kilometers from school. 4. Most students take trains to school, although others also walk or ride their bikes. 5. It depends on where you are. 6. Dont worry. 五. 语法： 1. 对于“how”提问，询问交通方式，及描述不同的交通方式。 2. 对于“how long”提问询问时间长短，及用固定句型“It takes sb. some time to do sth”回答或陈述。 3. 对于“how far”提问，询问距离长短，及相应回答。 4. 了解表让步的连词“although”意思及用法。 5. 阅读理解中对出现的定语从句及宾语从句的理解。 6. 阅读理解中理解形容词的比较级的含义。六. 重点、难点讲解： 1. How do you get to school? I ride my bike. / I walk to school. （1）“how”提问，意为“如何”、“怎样”。此处询问交通方式。表示不同交通方式可用本课出现一系列动词短语，如：ride a bike, take a bus, drive a car, fly to, take the subway, take a train, take a plane, take a boat / ship, walk to 等。也可用介词短语，如：by bus / bike / car / train / plane （air）/ ship, on foot 等，注：此用法在介词短语前需用动词作句子主语，如go / come / get to 等，且by后表交通工具的名词前无任何限定词，如冠词the , a/ an 或代词my / his / this / that 等。 例： He takes the bus to school. = He goes / gets to school by bus. We decided to go there on feet. = We decided to walk there. How will you go to England? By air, or maybe by train. Im not quite sure. （2）与“how”有关的提问总结如下： How far （询问距离）多远；How long（问时间或长度）多久，多长；How many（问数量，后跟可数名词复数形式）多少；How much （问不可数名词数量，也可问价格）多少；How often（问频率）多久一次；How soon（指将来时间，时间长短）多久；How about ? （问同上话题，另一情景如何、怎样后跟名词、代词或动名词，等于What about ? ）征求对方意见怎样？How do you like? = What do you think of ? （征求对方对某事物的看法）你认为怎样？ 此外“how”可以引导感叹句，如：How delicious Chinese dishes are! How nice your new scarf is! How fast he runs! 注：引导感叹句时语序为：How + adj. / adv. +主语+谓语！ （3）get to 表“到达”，同意短语“arrive in / at ”, reach. 注：在副词home, here, there前不使用介词to / in / at 等。 到家：get （back）home, 到那儿：get there 2. It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus. （1）固定句型：It took / takes / will take sb. some time to do sth. 表“做某事花去某人多长时间”，动词take随时态变化，it为形式主语，真正主语是句中不定式部分。“take”指“花费（时间）。” 例：It took the builders about 15 years go finish that big project. It takes me half an hour to get to my office from home every day. Doing homework takes us most of our spare time on schooldays. （2）take指“带走”时与“bring”（带来）互为反义词。 take sb. to 带某人去某处 例：The early bus takes him to school. （3）短语：take a walk / shower / seat / rest take ones temperature, take medicine 3. Lin Feis home is about 10 kilometers from school. be +距离（away）from“距离多远”。 4. He has a quick breakfast, then he leaves for school. （1）“have”作“吃（饭）”、“喝（饮料）”意思。 have breakfast /lunch /supper 注：三餐饭前无限定词。 （2）leave for +目的地，指“离开去往某处” The scientists will leave for Antarctic （南极）next Wednesday. 5. The bus ride takes about 25 minutes. “ride”此处的名词，意为“车程”。ride用作动词短语：ride a bike / horse骑自行车（骑马），ride in a bus / ship乘公共汽车（船） 6. In other parts of the world, things are different. other: 后常限可数名词复数，意为“其他的，其余的” other: （形容词）“其它的”，后跟可数名词复数 others: （代词）泛指“他人（物）” the others: （一定范围中）“其他人（物）”，相当于代词 the other: 用于固定短语“one , the other”“（两者中）一个另一个” another: （形容词）“另一个”“另一”，后跟可数名词单数，也可能跟复数，（代词）“另一个” 7. “虽然”，“尽管”，表让步连词，常引导让步状语从句。注，不可与but在一句话中前后同时使用。 Although / Though he is the youngest, he is the most hard-working student in his class. 8. depend on / upon “依靠，依赖”，后跟名词、代词或宾语从句，不定式。 例：In China, it depends on where you are. It depends on how to think about it. 对于提问，不能一概回答时，可以用“It depends”来回答，意为“得因情况而论”。例： Do you like reading books or reading on the Internet? It depends. Sometimes I like reading books, sometimes I prefer reading on the Internet. 9. In places where there are rivers and lakes, like Hongshanhu and Kaishandao, students usually go to school by beat. （1）此句中“where”引导一个定语从句，修饰表地点的名词“places”。通常“who”引导修饰人的定语从句，that或which引导指物的定语从句，whose指人物关系。 例：She is the girl who played guitar at the party. He showed us an English story book which is bought in the United States. Kate is talking with her art teacher whose painting is on show in the city hall. （2）“like”此处为介词，意为“例如，像”。注意区分like在文中的词性。sound like / be like / look, like 短语中“like”为介词。 10. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus! （1）“than”表比较连词，意为“比”“较之于”，前需用形容词或副词比较级。 （2）主语“that”指代前文整句话。 11. Dont worry. （1）祈使句否定形式为：Dont + 动词原形。 （2）worry为动词，worried为形容词，worry也可用作名词，“烦恼、担忧”。 例：Dont be late / careless next time. Dont be nervous. Take it easy. 12. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人某些时间去做某事例如：It took the people a lot of time to get to the mountain.人们花了很多时间才到了那座大山。It takes me twenty minutes to get to school on foot every morning.每天早晨我步行到学校要花费二十分钟。It will take three hours to finish the work.完成那项工作需要花费三个小时。 13. 动词take还有其他词义；例如：1) 得到；获得 You have to take it as you find it.对这个你只得将就些算了。2) 拿；握住；抓住The mother took her child by the hand.母亲拉着孩子的手。3) 取走，拿走Take this shopping home.把这件买的东西拿回家。The foods here are all free - take any you like.这里的食品都是免费的,你们随便吃吧。Who has taken my chocolate?谁拿了我的巧克力？4) 乘，坐，搭（车、船）Shall we go by bus or take a cab?我们是乘公共汽车去还是乘出租汽车去?to take a bus to work乘公共汽车上班5) 吃；喝；服用；吸入Take your medicine.把药服下。6) 进行；作；为to take a walk 散步If you dont take / get more exercise youll get fat.你如果不多锻炼就会发胖。The state government has decided to take a 50% cut of oil profits.州政府决定抽取石油利润的百分之五十。We must take a long hard look at their suggestion.他们的建议我们要好好研究一番。to take a look around在附近看看7) 测出，量出Take your temperature.量一量你的体温。8) 减掉，去掉If you take 4 from 10, you have 6.十减去四剩六。9) 懂得；了解Do you take me?你懂我的意思吗？10) 攻读，修（课）Did you take history at school?你在学校上过历史课吗？11) 吸引；着迷He is really taken by the little dog.他对小狗着了迷。12) 持续，花费（时间）Just a minute, it wont take me long to change.等一下,我很快就可以换好衣服。This new pain-killer doesnt take long to act on the pain?这种新止痛药不需要很长时间就能发挥止痛作用。13) 照像，拍照This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures.这次他设法爬进了基特罗火山口,以便能拍到照片,测量温度。I had my picture taken this morning.今天早晨我照了像。 14. depend v. 依靠，依赖1) depend（常与on, upon连用）视情况而定That depends.视情形而定。It all depends on how you tackle the problem.那要看你如何应付这问题而定。2)（常与on 连用）信任，信赖；需要I havent a car, I have to depend on the buses.我没有汽车，只能靠公共汽车。Children must depend on their parents.孩子们必须依赖他们的父母You can depend on his honesty.你可以相信他的诚实depend on依靠；由.而定, 取决于；从属于；依赖其维持depend upon依靠；由.而定, 取决于；从属于；依赖其维持15.交通方式的询问： How do you get to school ? 回答:on footby bike by car by bus by trainby plan/ airby boat by subway on a bus in a caron my bikeI walk I ride a bikeI drive a /my carI take a / the bus I take a/ the train I take a/ the plan I take a /the boatI take a/ the subway to school.I get / go to school注意点：并不是所有都用take, 也并不是所有都用by,注意四个方面 步行特殊的： walk = go .on foot , By car , by bike = drive a / my car , ride a / my bike By +交通工具无冠词， 但 ride a bike/ drive a car/ take a bus 等必须有冠词a/ the. 除了介词by +交通工具外，还可以用on/ in +交通工具，on a bus, in a car , on my bike .16. 对于路程多久的提问： How long does it take ? 回答：It takes me 30 minutes.(重点句型) 重/难点辨析：花费 take , spend, pay ,cost It takes sb time/ money to do sth. （有时态变化,过去式took,）Sb. spend time/ money on sth/ in doing sth. Sb. pay money for sth 物 cost sb. time/ money. 17. 对于路程有多远的提问：How far is it from his home to school? 回答： Its about 10 kilometers (away )from his home to school. 重点、难点辨析： be far from, away from, from .to . far from, 离远 My school is far from my home. 具体路程+away from, My school is 10 kilometers away from my home. from。to, 从。到。Its 10 kilometers (away) from my school to my home. A +be +路程距离from +B, My school（A） is 10 kilometers from my home（B）. 18. 宾语从句: 疑问语序变为陈述语序 （引导词+主语+谓语）（重、难点）Thomas wants to know where Nina lives. Thomas wants to know how long it takes to get to school .Thomas wants to know how far from school she lives.18.其它重要语言点 到达： get to = arrive in/ at = reach +地点， 但是遇到here/ there/ home时无介词 hundred ， 注意： 几百几百 不用加s , 如， seven hundred; 303名学生: three hundred and three students ride 的不同词性： ride 作动词，骑（自行车、马等）； 作名词， 旅行，旅程（不可数） First, he rides his bicycle to the bus station. The bus ride usually takes about 25minutes. 一天三餐前一办不加冠词，但是若有形容词，那是指具体的某一顿饭或具体的饮食，可用冠词。 take sb/ sth to +地点， 把某人、某物送到。 think of = think about, 认为以为 what do you think of / about the trip? = How do you like the trip? mean作名词, means,方法，方式，手段，单复数同形，means of transportation,交通方式 North China ,华北； North America, 北美洲；the north of China ,中国北方，the north of America , 美国北部 a number of / the number of must 情态动词，“一定”表示肯定的猜测，反义：cant “不可能”；否定：mustnt ,一定不能，表示禁止，决不允许 a lot / much / a little 修饰比较级 depend on , 取决于，决定于 although = though , 不能与but 连用 worry about/ be worried about 辨析：how long 多久，多长时间；how far 多远距离【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）一. 词组翻译。 1. 骑车去上学_2. 坐地铁去上班_ 3. 步行去公园_4. 乘公共汽车回家_ 5. 吃一顿快捷的早餐_6. 出发前往学校_ 7. 在北美_8. 依靠，依赖_二. 单项选择。（ ）1. How are they going to the countryside tomorrow, _ bike or _ foot? A. by, byB. on, on C. by, onD. on, by （ ）2. It _ about two hours to get to the top of the mountain from the foot of the mountain. A. takeB. takes C. getD. gets（ ）3. How _ is it _ your school to the Childrens Palace? A. long, toB. for, to C. long, fromD. far, from （ ）4. _ do you think of my new hair style? Its very nice. A. WhatB. How C. What aboutD. How about（ ）5. I have two pen pals. One is from Canada and goes to school by school bus and _ is from Britain and gets to school by car. A. otherB. another C. the otherD. others（ ）6. Are you going camping this weekend with your family? That all _. A. dependB. depend on C. dependsD. depends on （ ）7. _ I didnt like maths at first, I still tried my best to learn it. A. UntilB. When C. IfD. Although（ ）8. Too much _ made her look like an old lady. A. worryB. worried C. worriesD. be worried （ ）9. What time did you _ there last night? At about eight. A. get to B. got to C. getD. getting （ ）10. _ is it from New York to San Francisco? A. How farB. How long C. How oftenD. How soon （ ）11. The little girl sometimes goes home _ her fathers car. A. byB. in C. atD. for（ ）12. Im sorry. I _ my textbook at home. It doesnt matter. Remember _ it to school tomorrow. A. forget, to takeB. forget, to bring C. left, to takeD. left, to bring （ ）13. Excuse me, where is the nearest post office? Take No. 5 bus and _ at the third bus stop. A. get onB. get off C. get upD. get to （ ）14. The new amusement park is about five kilometers _. A. farB. far away C. away fromD. away （ ）15. Im sad _ tell you the sad news. A. forB. about C. withD. to三. 完成句子，一空一词。 1. 我们班大多数学生乘校车上学。 In our class _ _ the students go to school _ school bus. 2. 他们都骑车回家吗？不，一些人骑车回家。 _they all _ bikes to go home? No, _of them go home _bike. 3. 你觉得北京的交通怎样？ _do you _ _ the transportation in Beijing? 4. 在世界上的其它地方，人们骑自行车锻炼。 _other _ of the world, people go bicycling to exercise. 5. 每天写作业大约花去我两个多小时。 _ _ me about two hours _ do the homework. 四. 完形填空： Its the last week of the holidays. Bill wants to take a trip. His uncle 1 at the seashore. Bill wants to visit him. “It will be my 2 chance（机会）to go swimming in the ocean （海洋）this year, ”Bill says to his 3 . “Next month it will be too cold. ” “I dont know, Bill. ”His mother says. “Its a long 4 . ”She looks at her husband. “What do you 5 , Harry? ” “Oh, let him go, Alice, ”Mr White says. “He is fifteen years old. Hes not a 6 , you know. ” “I know hes not a baby, ”says Mrs White. “But there are 7 many connections （倒车）to make. He has to take a bus and a train and then another bus. ” “ 8 , Mother, ”says Bill. “Ive made the trip with you and Dad a lot of times. I know the 9 . I wont have any trouble （麻烦）. ” “Let him go, Alice, ”says Mr White again. “ 10 will be a good experience （体验）for him. He wont get lost（迷路）. ” 1. A. livesB. standsC. holdsD. stops 2. A. goodB. lastC. firstD. late 3. A. friendsB. parentsC. teachersD. classmates 4. A. timeB. callC. lineD. way 5. A. planB. sayC. thinkD. do 6. A. childB. manC. babyD. boy 7. A. tooB. aC. veryD. just 8. A. PleaseB. SorryC. Hurry upD. Wait 9. A. stationsB. wayC. busD. weather 10. A. ItB. HeC. YouD. They五. 阅读理解：（A） Traffic is a big problem in many cities around the world. Traffic is especially bad during rush hourthe time when people go to work or school and the time when they go home. Many people take buses, subways, or trains to work, but many other people drive their cars. As a result, the streets are very busy, and traffic is very bad. Many cities are trying to solve their traffic problems. Some cities are building more roads. Other cities are expanding their bus a