初中反义疑问句讲义.doc

一、 专题知识梳理
反义疑问句(The Disjunctive Question 或 Question tags) 即附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。 反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
主要形式:陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式 ;陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式 。
陈述部分和疑问部分要么前肯后否，要么前否后肯。这类反义疑问句有时带有感情色彩，表示惊奇，愤怒，讽刺，不服气等。
例如:You call this a day's work，don't you? 你说这就叫一天的活儿，不是吗?
读法规则：
反义疑问句陈述部分用降调，问句部分可升可降。提问者对陈述部分把握较大时，问句部分用降调;反之用升调。

解题步骤： 1、找主语
2、找否定词
3、选用适当的动词(be动词、助动词、情态动词)

二、 专题精讲

主语

附加疑问句中主语用和主句一致的主语，用主格。

不定代词

当陈述部分的主语是
(1)one时，后面的疑问句可用one/he.
(2)no one时，后面附加疑问句中主语用they.
(3)当陈述部分的主语为everything,something,anything.nothing等表示物的不定代词时，
附加疑问句中主语用it 不用they.
Something is wrong with your watch, isn't it?
(4)this, that,或those, these时，附加疑问句中主语用it或they.
(5)当陈述部分的主语为everyone,someone,anyone,no one等表示人的不定代词时，
附加疑问句中主语一般用he(正式文体)/they(口头语，非正式文体).
Everyone in your family is a teacher, isn't he \ aren't they ?
(6)不定式时，动名词，其他短语，附加疑问句中主语一般用it.
(7)there be句型时，附加疑问句中一般用be/情态动词/助动词+there.

否定意义的词
(1)当陈述部分有never，seldom, hardly，few，little，barely, scarcely, nothing，none,rarely ，no, not, no one, nobody, neither等否定意义的词汇时，后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式。
There're few apples in the basket, are there?
He can hardly swim, can he?
They seldom come late, do they?
(2)当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly,等含有否定词缀的派生词，也就是有un,dis-前缀、-less后缀等含词缀而意思否定的词，当肯定句处理，疑问部分用否定形式。
He looks unhappy,doesn't he? 他看上去不高兴，不是吗?
The girl dislikes history,doesn't she? 这女孩不喜欢历史，不是吗?
(3)当陈述部分有less, fewer等词视为肯定词，疑问部分用否定形式。
There will be less pollution, won't there?
表示主语的词
含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时，视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。 (即当主句是I think，I believe，I suppose，I imagine，I expect,I guess时要反问从句，其余句式均反问主句。)
(1)当主句的主语为第一人称时，其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。例如:
I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?
We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?
值得注意的是，当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时，其仍属否定句，故其后的简短问句应用肯定式，而非否定式。例如:
I don't believe that he can translate this book, can he?
We don't imagine the twins have arrived, have they?
此类句子的回答同"前否后肯"型反意疑问句一样，如上述后一个句子，若双胞胎已经到了，则回答为"Yes, they have.";若尚未到达，使用"No, they haven't."。
(2)当主句的主语为第二、三人称时，其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致(此时，否定只看主句，与从句无关)。例如:
Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?
You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?
They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?
She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?
(3)但如果主句的时态是过去时等等，疑问句应和主句的人称时态保持一致。
反意疑问句中have，has, had的用法区分

作实义动词用
要借助助动词
have sports做运动；
have breakfast 吃早饭
作助动词用
用其本身即可
现在完成时与过去完成时
had better，用hadn’t反问。
have to ，借助助动词

祈使句
当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句要根据语气来表达，分三种情况:
1)一般情况下用will you 或won't you。
Give me a hand, will you?
Leave all the things as they are, won't you
Don't spoil your child, will you?
Take his dirty gloves away ,won't you?
2)以Let's(听者包括在内)开头的祈使句，前肯后可肯可否，疑问句必须用shall we(shall只用于第一人称);只有以Let us(听话人不被包括在"us"里面)或Let me开头的祈使句，问句才用will you。
Let us know the time of your arrival, will you?
Let's try again, shall we?
Let me help you, will you?
Let's have a look on your book，shall we?
3)当陈述句是否定的祈使句时，问句可用will you 或can you 。
e.g. Don't make much noise, will/can you?

There be句型

There be 句型中，反义疑问部分必须为be 动词 + there
There are some apples in the basket, aren't there?
There isn't any milk left, is there?
there used to be,反义疑问句有两种形式:didn't there和usedn't there.
There used to be some cities wall, usedn't there? 或:There used to be some cities wall, didn't there?

Must

当陈述部分有情态动词must，问句有4种情况:
(1)mustn't表示"禁止，不可，不必"时，附加问句通常要用must.
You mustn't stop your car here, must you?
你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗?
(2)must表示"有必要"时，附加问句通常要用needn't.
They must finish the work today, needn't they?
他们今天要完成这项工作，是吗?
(3)must be表推测,用来表示对现 在的情况进行推测时，问句通常要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。
He must be good at English, isn't he? 他英语一定学得很好，是吗?
She must be a good English teacher, isn't she? 她一定是位优秀的英语老师，是吗?
(4)当must have done表示对过去的情况进行推测(一般句中有明确的过去时间状语)，问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用"didn't+主语"或"wasn't/weren't+主语";如果强调动作的完成(一般没有明确的过去时间状语)，问句要用"haven't/hasn't+主语"。
She must have read the novel last week, didn't she?
她上星期一定读了这本小说，不是吗?
You must have told her about it, haven't you?
你一定把这事告诉她了，不是吗?

回答反义疑问句的原则
回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定，如有人问你You are asleep, aren't you? 你应回答No, I'm not. 因为既然你能回答，肯定你还没有asleep。但如果别人问你 You aren't asleep, are you?(你还没有睡着，对吗)，你也只能回答No, I'm not.(是的，还没有睡着)，而不能回答为Yes, I'm not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am.
"It is a beautiful flower，isn't it?" "It isn't a beautiful flower，is it?"
上述两句句子的回答肯定均为"Yes，it is."否定为"No，it isn't."

由上述例子可知，反义疑问句回答与句子本身所包含的中文肯定与否的含义并无太大关联，只需注意事实，肯定即用yes，否定用no，无需考虑句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。
建议在答题时，先按照实际写后面的答句，再根据前后一致原则写Yes或No。

简要总结反意疑问句19条:
(1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I / are I .
I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?
(2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
(3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，
疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
(4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
(5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语didn't +主语)。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
(6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
(7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
(8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
(9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
(10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
(11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用否定的助动词加sb / sth?如:
【1】What a fine day it is today!
What a fine day it is today，isn"t it?
【2】How fast he runs!
How fast he runs，doesn"t he?
【3】What a long time we have been waiting!
What a long time we have been waiting ，haven"t we?[2]
(12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，
疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
(13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?

(14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况:
a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he? 他不是给我们演讲的人，是吗?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he? 他说他想去日本参观，不是吗?
c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的宾语从句，
疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反义疑问句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
(15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，
疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (doesn't he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
(16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare he?
当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

(17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you
注意: Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
(18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?

(19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
有些动词如:cost hurt hit put 等，它们的过去时与原型相同，在肯定句中一定要先弄清楚它们是什么时态:
(20)The skirt made of silk cost you a lot of money，( )?
A.didn't it B.didn't you
C.doesn't it D.don't you
句中主语是the skirt，排除 B D，主语是三单，可断定cost是过去时，所以选 A 。

重点归纳
快速记忆表
陈述部分的谓语
疑问部分
I/主语
aren't I / are I
no,nothing,nobody,never,　
few, seldom, hardly,
rarely, little等否定含义的词
肯定含义
ought to(肯定的)
oughtn't +主语
have to+v.(had to+v.)
don't +主语(didn't +主语)
used to+v.
didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语
had better + v.
hadn't you

would rather + v.
wouldn't +主语
you'd like to + v.
wouldn't +主语
must
根据实际情况而定
感叹句
be +主语
指示代词或不定代词
everything,that,
nothing,this
主语用it
并列复合句
谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
定语从句,宾语从句
主从复合句
根据主句的谓语而定
think,believe,expect,
suppose,imagine等引导
与宾语从句相对应的从句
everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one
复数they, 单数he
情态动词dare或need
need/needn't (dare/daren't ) +主语
dare, need 为实义动词
do/don't +主语
省去主语的祈使句
will/won't you?
Let's 开头的祈使句
Shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句
Will you?
there be
相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)
否定前缀不能视为否定词
仍用否定形式

过关检测

巩固练习
1. Alice had a wonderful time yesterday, _____________?
A. hadn’t she B. wasn’t she C. didn’t she D. wouldn’t she
2. Liu Qian has made “magic” a hot word, _____________he?
A. doesn’t B. didn’t C. hasn’t D. isn’t
3. — Hi, Sam. Your mother’s busy these days, ?
—Yes. But she says she’ll be free soon.
A. has she B. is she C. hasn’t she D. isn’t she
4. —It’s Father’s Day, ?
—Yes. Let’s buy a gift for Dad.
A. isn’t it B. doesn’t it C. isn’t he D. doesn’t he
5. --You are going to visit the Great Wall,_____?
--That’s right.
A. are you B. aren’t you C. don’t you D. won’t you
6. The children had to repeat that story twice, ________they?
A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. did D. had
7. The tall man over there is our new English teacher, _________?
A. is he       B. is there     C. isn’t he      D. isn’t there
8. There was a loud cry from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, _______?
A. wasn’t there B. was there C. didn’t it D. did it

Key: C C D A A A C A

9. There is little milk in the fridge, ?
A. is there B. isn’t there C. isn’t it D. is it
10. Sally has few friends here, ?
A. did she B. doesn’t she C. does she D. hasn’t she
11. We can hardly tell what life without the Internet will be like in the future, _________?
A. can we B. can’t we C. will it D. won’t it
12. Tom seldom hurt himself in the accident, ________?
A. didn’t he B. does he C. doesn’t he D. did he
13. She’s never seen such a wonderful film, _______ she?
A. is B. isn’t C. has D. hasn’t
14. Lily’s never been to Hainan, ________ she?
A. is B. isn’t C. has D. hasn’t
15. Tom rarely had time for concerts at that time, ____?
A．wasn't he B．was he C．did he D．didn't he
16. The book cost you 50 yuan, _______?
A. doesn’t it B. did it C. does it D. didn’t it
17.There are some little cats in the park, _________?
A. are there B. are they C aren’t there D. aren’t they
18.Nothing the boy did was right, _________?
A. was it B. did it C. was he D. did he

Key: A CADC CCBAA

19. Tell me the way to the cinema, _______ you?
A. will B. need C. shall D. may
20. Let’s go swimming to relax ourselves, _______?
A. do we B. will you C. shall we D. won’t you
21. Let John finish the work all by himself, _______?
A. shall we B. will you C. do you D. do we
22. _______ go swimming if it _______ hot tomorrow, will you?
A. Let us; is B. Let us; will be C. Let’s; is D. Let’s; will be
23. Let us take a walk for supper, _______?
A. shall we B. will you C. will we D. are you
24. Go and take the chair to the office, _______?
A. don’t you B. shall you C. do you D. won’t you

Key: ACBAB D

25. —Jim had nothing for breakfast this morning, _______?
—______. He got up too late.
A. had she; Yes B. hadn’t he; Yes C. did he; No D. didn’t; Yes
26. — He hasn’t watched the movie “So Young”, has he?
— ______. He told me it’s very moving and interesting, he’d like to watch it again.
A. Yes, he has B. Yes, he hasn’t C. No, he hasn’t D. No, he has
27. —Sam didn’t go to school yesterday, did he?
—______. He was ill yesterday.
A. Yes, he did B. No, he did C. No, he didn’t D. Yes, he didn’t
28. ---Mike seldom has breakfast at home, _______?
--- _______ this morning.
A. does he; No, but he did B. does he; No, he hasn’t
C. has he; Yes, he has D. hasn’t he; Yes, he doesn’t
29. --He’s often seen to help others, he?
-- _______. He’s helpful. We all like him.
A. hasn’t, No B. isn’t, Yes C. hasn’t, Yes D. isn’t, No

30. —He’s not married Laura, _______?
—_______. They will celebrate their one year of marriage this Sunday.
A. has he; Yes B. is he; Yes C. has he; No D. is he; No
31. — Rose, we will start at six tomorrow morning. Don't be late, _______ ?
--_______ . I'll be there on time.
A. won't you Yes, I will B. will you; Yes, I will
C. will you; No, I won't D. won’t you; No, I won’t
32. — Tom’s never done extra work for his class, _______he?
—_______. He is the laziest boy in his class.
A. has; Yes B. is; No C. is; Yes D. has; No

Key：CACAB CCA

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