同位语从句重难点解析及习题.doc

同位语从句
一、 同位语从句概述
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句，常见的可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有：belief,chance,doubt,hope,idea,news,opinion,thought,promise等。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,whether和副词how,when,where等。
二、 同位语从句点拨
（1） 同位语从句是意义完整的陈述句时，用连词that引导。注：that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，通常不省略。如：I got the news that he would come to see me the next week.

（2） 同位语从句是疑问句时，应根据语境选用who,when ,where,how,whether(不能用if)等词来引导。如：The question who is the best for the job requires consideration.
（3） 分隔式同位语从句：当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，为了使句子保持平衡，常把同位语从句后置。如：An idea came to him that he could buy her a diamond ring.
（4） 后面常跟同位语的词有：doubt,fact,hope,idea,message,news,possibility,promise,question,suggestion,truth,thought,warning,wish等。注：advice,order,suggestion等词表示建议、命令的词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词须用(should) +动词原形。如：He made the suggestion that the meeting(should) be put off.
三、 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
（1） 所表达的内容不同：同位语从句和定语从句一般是放在某一名词后面，但同位语从句是对该名词的解释和说明，而定语从句是对该名词的修饰，说明它的性质特征。如：The fact that he presented was a strong proof.
他所提供的事实是一个强有力的证据。（定语从句）
The fact that she hadn’t said anything surprised us all.
她一言不发的事实让我们每一个人都很惊讶。（同位语从句）
（2） 在句中所起的语法作用不同：引导定语从句的that是关系代词，它的作用是连接主句和从句，并代表先行词在从句中充当句子成分，而且that作宾语时可省略，指物时，可以用which代替。引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接主句和从句的作用，它不充当任何成分，不能省略，也不可被which代替。 如: We expressed the hope that Mr and Mrs Smith would come to visit China
the next year.
我们表达了希望史密斯夫妇第二年到中国来访的愿望。（同位语从句）
The news(that/which)we heard spread all over the city.
我们所听到的消息传遍了整个城市。（定语从句）
（3） 所修饰的词不尽相同：同位语从句所修饰的名词数量有限，往往是含有某种信息的词，如：message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,questtion,
order,belief,doubt,fear,truth,throught等，而定语从句修饰的先行词无此限制。
（4） wh-引导词引导同位语从句时，有其本身的疑问含义；引导定语从句时则没有疑问的意思。如；
I have no idea where the meeting will be held.（同位语从句）
He is the only one of these boys who can speak Franch.（定语从句）
四、 相关练习
(1)There is no obvious evidence_____there is life on any other planet in the solar system.
A.which B.that C.how D.where
解析：选B没有确凿的证据证明太阳系的其他行星上有生命。Evidence后的同位语从句不缺少任何成分，故用that引导。

(2)My friend showed me round the town,_____was very kind of him.
A.which B.that C.where D.it
解析：选A 我的朋友领我参观了这个城镇，他真好。非限制性定语从句缺少主语，所以用which引导，先行词是前面的整个句子。That不能引导非限制性定语从句；where引导定语从句在从句中作状语；it不能引导从句。

(3)Many children,_____parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village.
A.their B.whose C.of them D.with whom
解析： 选B许多孩子的父母远在大城市打工，这些孩子在乡村都得到了很好的照顾。根据句子结构判断，逗号后面是定语从句，从句主语parents前缺少定语，故用关系代词whose引导。Their和of them 不能引导定语从句；with whom 不能作定语。

(4)It’s helpful to put children in a situation _____ they can see themselves differently.
A.that B.when C.which D.where

(5)Many young people in the West are expected to leave _____ could be life’s most important decision—marriage---almost entirely up to luck.
A.as B.that C.which D.what
解析： 选D 许多西方年轻人可能会把自己一生最重要的决定-------婚姻，几乎完全寄托于运气。Leave在此是及物动词，表示“把……留给某人决定”，所选项引导其宾语从句并在从句中作主语，所以选连接代词what。As不引导名词性从句；that引导名词性从句不作成分；which表示选择意义，意为“哪一个”。

1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that B. what C. why D. which

　　2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.
A. that B. what C. which D. why

　　3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A. what B. that C. why D. when

　　4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A. which B. that C./ D.it

　　5. I have no idea ____ he will start.
A. when B. that C. what D./

　　6. I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
A. if B. that C. whether D. which

　　7. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when B. which C. what D. that

　　8. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
A. which B. whether C. that D. what

　　9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.
A. that B. as C. of which D. which

　　10. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
　　A. whether B. where C. that D. when