动词时态基础讲解.ppt

动词时态动词时态语法专题语法专题(一一)英语中的十六种时态：英语中的十六种时态：1.一般现在时一般现在时9.现在完成时现在完成时2.一般过去时一般过去时10.过去完成时过去完成时3.一般将来时一般将来时11.将来完成时将来完成时4.一般过去将来时一般过去将来时12.过去将来完成时过去将来完成时5.现在进行时现在进行时13.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时6.过去进行时过去进行时14.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时7.将来进行时将来进行时15.将来完成进行时将来完成进行时8.过去将来进行时过去将来进行时16.过去将来完成进行时过去将来完成进行时 现在现在 过去过去 将来将来 过去将来过去将来 一般dodidwill/dowoulddo 进行am/is/aredoingwas/weredoingwillbedoingwouldbedoing 完成have/hasdoneHaddonewillhavedonewouldhavedone 完成进行have/hasbeendoinghadbeendoingwillhavebeendoingwouldhavebeendoingThe Father and His SonFather:Youknow,Tom,whenLincoln_(be)yourage,he_(be)averygoodpupil.Infact,he_(be)thebestpupilinhisclass.Tom:Yes,Father.I_(know)that.Butwhenhe_(be)yourage,he_(be)PresidentoftheUnitedStates.waswaswaswaswasknow1.一般现在时一般现在时:dodoes用法：用法：A)表示现在的状态、特征、表示现在的状态、特征、情况情况Theyliveinthesamebuilding.B)经常性、习惯性动作经常性、习惯性动作（常与（常与usually,always,everyday,twiceaweek,seldom,sometimes等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。）Heworkseighthourseveryday.C)C)客观事实和普遍真理客观事实和普遍真理,格言或警句格言或警句 等）等）Thesunrisesintheeast.Itsnowsinthewinter.practicemakesperfect.D)表示按规定、计划及安排要发生的情况表示按规定、计划及安排要发生的情况.(一般用于一般用于be,come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,return等动词中，常与时间状语连用等动词中，常与时间状语连用)Themeetingisat2:00p.m.下午两点开会下午两点开会Theplanetakesoffatten.E）在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，）在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，如果如果主句是将来时或主句是祈使句，从句中要用主句是将来时或主句是祈使句，从句中要用一般现在时一般现在时,代替将来时。代替将来时。IllnotgounlessIminvited.Tellhimthenewsassoonashecomes.(1)Thegeographyteachertoldustheearthmovedaroundthesun.(2)Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.(3)Theshopwillcloseat11：00pm.1.Jenny_inanoffice.Herparents_inahospital.A.workworksB.worksworkC.workareworkingD.isworkingwork2.Oneoftheboys_ablackhat.A.haveB.thereisC.thereareD.has3.Wewillgoshoppingifit_tomorrow.A.dontrainB.didntrainC.doesntrainD.isntrain 4.Hesaidthesun_intheeastand_inthewest.A.rose;setB.rises;setsC.rises,setD.rise;sets5.WangMei_musicandoften_tomusicA.like;listenB.likes;listensC.like;arelisteningD.likinglisten6.Jenny_Englisheveryevening.A.hasstudyB.studiesC.studyD.studied7.AMidsummerNightsDream_attheTheatreRoyalon19thJune,andthentoursthroughoutScotland.A.opensB.isopenedC.willopenD.willbeopened8.Myplane_at9oclocktomorrowmorning.Willyoucometoseemeoff?A)willbeleaveB)leavesC)willhaveleftD)isleft9.WhenBill_,askhimtowaitforme.A.comesB.willcomeC.hascomeD.came2.一般过去时一般过去时1.结构结构:did/was/were用法：用法：A.表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态.(常与常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用（表示过去时间的时间状语连用（yesterday,last night)B表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。（表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。（常和often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用）Weoftenplayedbadmintontogetherwhenwewerechildren我们小时候常在一起我们小时候常在一起打羽毛球。打羽毛球。(表过去习惯性的动词，也可用表过去习惯性的动词，也可用would/usedtodo句型）句型）.他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。Heusedto/wouldgotoworkbybus.3.一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况,常和表常和表示将来的时间状语连用示将来的时间状语连用基本结构基本结构:will/shall+动词原形动词原形Ishallgraduatenextyear.Youwontsucceedwithouttheirsupport.其他将来时的表达方式：其他将来时的表达方式：1）begoingtodo表示打算、计划、决定要做的事表示打算、计划、决定要做的事;“有迹象表明或预示着将发生有迹象表明或预示着将发生Lookatthedarkclouds;itsgoingtorain.看那乌云，快要下雨了。看那乌云，快要下雨了。2)beabouttodo表示眼下马上就要发生的动作表示眼下马上就要发生的动作HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他马上要去北京。他马上要去北京。3)be+todo表示计划中约定的必须将发生的行为；表示计划中约定的必须将发生的行为；按职责义务必须去做的事情按职责义务必须去做的事情/要发生的动作Youretodelivertheseflowersbefore10.你在你在10点钟之前把这些花送去。点钟之前把这些花送去。4)be+doing主要用于主要用于go,come,leave,start等表示去向的等表示去向的短暂性动词。如：短暂性动词。如：Imleavingtomorrow.明天我要走了。明天我要走了。You_yourpapersby10oclock.到10点你得交上试卷。Lookatthedarkclouds.It_看那乌云，快要下雨了。.小男孩就要摔倒了。Thelittleboy_fallover.我们马上出发。We_tostartoff.are to hand inIts going to rainis going toare about在在“祈使句祈使句+and/or+陈述句陈述句”句型中，陈句型中，陈述句中只能用述句中只能用will或情态动词加动词原形。或情态动词加动词原形。如：如：Workhard,andyouwillpasstheexam.努力学习，你就会通过考试。努力学习，你就会通过考试。1._straightonandyoullseeachurchYouwontmissitAGoBGoingCIfyougoDWhengoing2.Standoverthere_youllbeabletoseeitbetterAorBwhileCbutDand JennyJenny_(be)aforeigngirl.She_(come)fromtheUnitedStates.Look,she_(draw)picturesinthelivingroom.Twoyearsago,herparents_(move)toChina.Jenny_(nothave)anyfriends,soshe_(feel)lonely.Butnow,she_(have)manyChinesefriendsand_(study)withthemeveryday.Jenny_(visit)hergrandparentsintheUnitedStatesnextmonth.iscomesisdrawingmoveddidnthavefelthasstudieswillvisitWe are confident that the environment _by our further efforts to reduce pollution.A.had been improved B.will be improved C.is improved D.was improved4.现在进行时现在进行时结构结构:be(am,are,is)+doing用法用法:A.表示说话时正在进行的动作表示说话时正在进行的动作Someonesknockingatthedoor.B.表示表示现阶段现阶段内正在进行的动作内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作但说话时动作未必正在进行。未必正在进行。Heisteachingatanightschool.C.现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动(用现在进行时表示将来用现在进行时表示将来)Hesarrivingtomorrowmorning.D.现在进行时与现在进行时与always,continually,constantly,never等等频度副词连用，频度副词连用，连用，连用，表表达厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。达厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。你总是忘记这些重要的事情。你总是忘记这些重要的事情。（表责怪（表责怪,不满不满）Youarealwaysforgettingtheimportantthings.他总是学习很用功。（表赞赏）他总是学习很用功。（表赞赏）Heisalwaysworkinghard.这个男孩上课老说话。这个男孩上课老说话。Theboyisalwaystalkinginclass.三、对现在进行时的考查三、对现在进行时的考查由上下文语境表示时间。由上下文语境表示时间。1)Whatstheterriblenoise？Theneighbors_foraparty（2004年北京卷）年北京卷）A.havepreparedB.arepreparingC.prepareD.willprepare4)SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasntstoppedringing.People_toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning5)Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange5.过去进行时过去进行时结构：结构：was/were+doing用法：用法：A.表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作.通常有时间状通常有时间状语语例：例：Marywaslisteningtolightmusic10minutesago.B.在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较长的动作要用过去进行时，而另一个动作用一般过长的动作要用过去进行时，而另一个动作用一般过去时。去时。我进屋的时候，她正坐在书桌前面。我进屋的时候，她正坐在书桌前面。WhenIenteredtheroom,shewassittingatherdesk.你敲前门时，我正在洗头发。你敲前门时，我正在洗头发。Iwaswashingmyhairwhenyouknockedatthefrontdoor.C.瞬间动词瞬间动词come，go，leave，reach，return，start，arrive，die等的过去进行时，可以等的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。表示过去将要发生的动作。（用过去进行时，来代替过去将来时（用过去进行时，来代替过去将来时）Hesaidthetrainwasleavingatsixthenextmorning.练习1.Asshe_thenewspaper,Granny_asleep.(95N)A.readwasfallingB.wasreadingfellC.wasreadingwasfallingD.readfellB2.Nancyisnotcomingtonight.Butshe_!(98N)A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromisedB3.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,which_thePacific,andwemetnostorms.AwascalledBiscalledChadbeencalledDhasbeencalledB 4._itwithmeandIllseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.Ifyouleave D.LeaveD5._bloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.A.Giving B.GiveC.Given D.TogiveB3-English has a large vocabulary，hasnt it?-Yes_ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate （2004年上海卷）A Know B Knowing C To know D Known 4 Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertise-ments showing happy families（2004年湖南卷）A will often see B often see C are often seeing D have often seen 5.Follow your doctors advice,_ your cough will get worse.（2005辽宁）A.or B.and C.then D.so 6.过去将来时过去将来时1)基本结构基本结构:would/Should+动词原形动词原形表表示示以以过过去去某某一一时时间间为为参参照照，在在过过去去看看将将要要发发生生的的动动作作或或存存在在的的状状态态。常常用用于于宾宾语语从从句句和和间接引语间接引语。Theboypromisedhe_(work)hard.ItoldmyparentsI_(return)early.wouldworkshould/wouldreturn 2).其他表示过去将来的句型其他表示过去将来的句型was(were)goingtowas(were)to+动词原形动词原形was(were)aboutto7.现在完成时现在完成时结构结构:have(has)+过去分词过去分词现在完成时表示从过去某一时间开始，一直现在完成时表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态延续到现在的动作或状态,可能刚刚结束也可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去，甚至延续到将来，有可能继续进行下去，甚至延续到将来，并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。常与下边这些时间状语连用：常与下边这些时间状语连用：如如:sofar,uptonow,recently,during/over/inthepasttenyears,since+时间点时间点,for+一段一段时间，时间，ever,never,just,already,yet,等等等等.在下列句型中要用现在完成时在下列句型中要用现在完成时:1.This/Itisthefirst/secondtime+that从句从句(完成时完成时)这是我第二次来北京了。这是我第二次来北京了。2.This(that/It)isthe+形容词最高级形容词最高级.that从句从句这是我看过的最好的电影。这是我看过的最好的电影。ThisisthebestfilmthatIve(ever)seen.3.Ithasbeen+一段时间一段时间+since从句从句（主句部分要用现在完成时，从句后面，既主句部分要用现在完成时，从句后面，既since后要后要用一般过去时用一般过去时）他参军以来已经有两年了他参军以来已经有两年了.IthasbeentwoyearssincehejoinedthearmyThis is the second time that I have come to Beijing.典型例题：典型例题：典型例题：典型例题：1.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I_herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet答答答答案案案案B B；首首先先本本题题后后句句强强调调对对现现在在的的影影响响，我我知知道道她她的的模模样样，你你不不用用描描述述。再再次次，severaltimes告告知知为为反反复复发发生生的的动动作作，因因此此用用现现在在完成时。完成时。2.Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.Oh,notatall.I_hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeen C.wasD.willbe答案答案答案答案A A；等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。1.ShakespearesplayHamlet_intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears A.hadbeenmadeB.wasmadeC.hasbeenmadeD.wouldbemade2.Haveyouheardabouttherecentelection?Sure,it_theonlythingonthenewsforthelastthreedays.A.wouldbeB.isC.hasbeenD.willbe3.ItisthemostinterestingfilmthatI_sinceIcametoourcollege.A.seeB.haveseenC.seeingD.hadseen8.过去完成时过去完成时结构：结构：had+done表示动作在过去某一动作之前已经完成。表示动作在过去某一动作之前已经完成。既既过去的过去。过去的过去。常与时间状语常与时间状语bytheendof+过去时间点，过去时间点，before+过去时间过去时间/过去动作过去动作,by+过去时间，过去时间，untilthen等连用等连用eg.TheyhadgoteverythingreadybeforeIcame.到那时为止，我们已有六个月没有他的消息了到那时为止，我们已有六个月没有他的消息了。Untilthen,we_forsixmonths.hadntheardfromhim过去完成时，经常以过去完成时，经常以“过去过去”为背景，要想表达比这为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去”，常用此时，常用此时态。态。Eg.Whenwegottothetheatre,theyhadsoldallthetickets.Whatapity!hadsoldgotNow过去的过去过去的过去Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves_(runaway).WhenIcameintotheclassroom,mydearstudents_(begin)reading.hadrunawayhadbegun常见考点有：常见考点有：把过去完成时放在含有把过去完成时放在含有when,before,after,until,assoonas等引导的时间状语从句的复合句等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。中考查。1)Whentheoldman_towalkbacktohishouse,thesun_itselfbehindthemountain.（2005年湖北卷）年湖北卷）A.started;hadalreadyhiddenB.hadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid过去完成时典型用法过去完成时典型用法:表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think,suppose等，其过去完等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。含有惋惜的意思。Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday我本来昨天打算要去看你。（但没去）IhadhopedtoseemoreofShanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）Hardlyhad+主语主语donewhen+主语主语did;Nosoonerhad+主语主语+donethan+主语主语didscarcelyhad+主语主语donewhen+主语主语+did意为意为“一一.就就”他刚睡下门铃就响了。他刚睡下门铃就响了。Hardlyhadshegonetobedwhenthebellrang.3.it/thiswasthefirst/second.timethathaddoneItwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.翻译以下句子翻译以下句子：1.到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球。到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球。2.这是我第一次当众讲话。这是我第一次当众讲话。(用用itis)3.昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。1.Byyesterdayeveningthenewshadspreadthroughtheworld.2.ItisthefirsttimeIvespokeninpublic3.ThemilkhadbeensoldwhenIgottothesupermarketlastnight.4.他总是开着窗子睡觉。他总是开着窗子睡觉。5.他一来，她就离开他一来，她就离开.（nosoonerthan)4.Healwayssleepswiththewindowsopen.5.NosoonerhadHecomethansheleft 6、将将 来来 完完 成成 时时(will havedone)1)构成构成will/begoingtohavedonesth.2)概念概念:将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与经常与before+将来时间或将来时间或by+将来时间连用，将来时间连用，也可与也可与before或或bythetime引导的现在时的引导的现在时的从句连用。从句连用。Wewillhavelearned12unitsbytheendofthisterm.BythetimeyougethomeIwillhavecleanedthehousefromtoptobottom.1.BytheendofthisyearMr.Smith_inourcompanyforexactlythreeyears.A)isworkingB)hasworkedC)willworkD)willhaveworked2.BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,weinEuropefortwoweeksA.shallstayB.willhavestayedC.havestayedD.havebeenstaying3.Duringthelastthreedecades,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitnessprograms_sharply.A.wasincreasingB.hasincreasedC.hadincreasedD.willbeincreasingThegirlhasagreatinterestinsportand_badmintonclassestwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.A.tookB.istakingC.takesD.hasbeentakingOnMondaymorningsitusually_meanhourstodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.A.takesB.istakingC.tookD.willtakeShakespearesplayHamletintoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyearsA.hadbeenmadeB.wasmadeC.hasbeenmadeD.wouldbemadeOhno!Weretoolate.Thetrain_.ThatsOk.WellcatchthenexttraintoLondon.A.wasleaving B.hadleftC.hasleftD.hasbeenleavingIhearthatJasonisplanningtobuyacar.Iknow.Bynextmonth,he_enoughforausedone.A.willhavesavedB.willbesavingC.hassavedD.saves9.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时(has/havebeendoing)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如：Ihavebeenlookingformylostbookforthreedays,butIstillhaventfoundit.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别如下：现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别如下：1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时现在完成时与现在完成进行时Ihavewrittenanarticle.Ihavebeenwritinganarticle.2.有些延续性动词，如有些延续性动词，如live,teach,work,study,learn,stay等因现等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。Ihavelivedherefortenyears.=Ihavebeenlivingherefortenyears.Notes：表短暂动作的动词（：表短暂动作的动词（finish,marry,getup,come,go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。强调：已完成性强调：已完成性强调：持续性，未完成性强调：持续性，未完成性1)Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy_goingbacktoschool,butshehasntdecidedyet.（2004年北京卷）年北京卷）A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider2)Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.“Iamtired.I_thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted典型例题典型例题(1)-Doyouknowourtownatall?-No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming(2)-Haveyou_beentoourtownbefore?-No,itsthefirsttimeI_here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome注意注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（对）Ihaventreceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.BDHaveatry1.Bytheendofthismonth,wesurely_asatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem.A.havefoundB.willbefoundC.willhavefoundD.arefinding2.Theconference_afullweekbythetimeitends.A.musthavelastedB.willhavelastedC.wouldlastD.haslasted1.IhearthatJasonisplanningtobuyacar.Iknow.Bynextmonth,he_enoughforausedone.A.willhavesavedB.willbesavingC.hassavedD.saves2.BythetimeyougettotheofficeI_allthedocumentsformeeting.A.ampreparingB.prepareC.havepreparedD.Willhaveprepared1.Practice_perfect.(make)2.Weoften_togetherwhenwewerechildren.(play)3.I_ataneveningschoolthesedays.(study)4.Ididtellmyfriendswhat_tothemiftheydidntfollowmyadvice.(happen)5.IcalledJimmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldntgetthrough.Hismother_(talk)onthephoneallthetime.wouldhappenwastalkingFill in the blanks with the correct form of given words.Fill in the blanks with the correct form of given words.exercisesmakesplayedamstudying6.Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves_away(run).7.Lookattheclouds;it_(rain).8.TheChinese_paperfortwothousandyears.(make)9.Hurryup,theplane_(take)offat6oclock.10.ThisisthefirsttimethatI_hersong.(hear)havebeenmakingisgoingtorainhadrunhaveheardtakesExercises1.Iusually_upat6:00,butyesterdayI_upat7:00andtomorrowI_upat6:30.(get)2.Listen!Someone_(knock)atthedoor.3.I_(be)inBeijingfortwoyears.4.Howoften_Andy_(surf)theinternet?5.Hefellasleepwhilehe_(read)abook.getwillgetgotisknockinghavebeendoessurfwasreading6.I_never_(hear)ofthatmanbefore.7.Mybrotheroften_(go)forwalkslastsummer.8.Lilysaidshe_(put)onthenewdressthenextday.9._thestory_(happen)inLondonin1949?10.What_hismother_(do)whenheopenedthedoor?haveheardwentwouldDidhappenwasdoing11.Ifit_(notrain)tomorrow,they_(go)fishing.12._yourmother_thepianoeverySunday?13.They_(not)callyouthedayaftertomorrow.14.Tom_(work)theresincetwoyearsago.15.BythetimeI_(walk)intotheclassroom,theteacher_(start)teaching.doesntrainwillgoDoeshasworkedwontwalkedhadstartedplayJennyJenny_(be)aforeigngirl.She_(come)fromtheUnitedStates.Look,she_(draw)picturesinthelivingroom.Twoyearsago,herparents_(move)toChina.Jenny_(nothave)anyfriends,soshe_(feel)lonely.Butnow,she_(have)manyChinesefriendsand_(study)withthemeveryday.Jenny_(visit)hergrandparentsintheUnitedStatesnextmonth.iscomesisdrawingmoveddidnthavefelthasstudieswillvisit1Idontknowifshe_,butifshe_Iwillletyouknow.A.comes,comesB.willcome,willcomeC.comes,willcomeD.willcome,comesDB2.Foodsuppliesinthefloodstrickenarea_.Wemustactimmediatelybeforetheresnoneleft.A.haverunoutB.arerunningoutC.havebeenrunoutD.arebeingrunout3Myfatherretiredfromthesteelfactorylastmonth,andhe_thereformorethan twentyyears.AworkedBhasworkedChadbeenworkingDwasworkingA4.Wehadhopedtocatchthe10：20train,but_itwasg