珍藏版非谓语动词.pptx

非谓语动词非谓语动词 Non-Non-predicatepredicate VerbsVerbs高考语法复习系列高考语法复习系列一一 什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？二二 非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词有哪些？有哪些具体的不同形式？有哪些具体的不同形式？三三 不同的非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示不同的非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示 的动作的先后关系是什么？的动作的先后关系是什么？四四 非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？I.要点知识要点知识检查检查及重难点强调及重难点强调与提醒与提醒 一、一、什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。法功能的动词。Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand_downtoeatourpicniclunch.(2005上海）上海）A.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.satD Pricesofdailygoods_throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.arebought B.boughtC.havebeenboughtD.buyingB非谓语不定式（不定式（to do)to do)过去分词过去分词(-ed)-ing-ing 分词分词-ed-ed 分词分词二二 非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词有哪些不同的形式？非谓语动词有哪些不同的形式？非谓非谓语动词语动词 一般式一般式完成式完成式 一般式一般式完成式完成式动词不动词不定式定式过去过去分词分词tobedonetohavebeendonebeingdonehavingbeendone及物动词的过去分词既表示及物动词的过去分词既表示被动又表示动作已完成被动又表示动作已完成,个个别动词的过去分词只表示完别动词的过去分词只表示完成成(多数为不及物动词多数为不及物动词)主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式todotohavedonedoinghavingdone不定式除一般式、完成式以外还有不定式除一般式、完成式以外还有_进行式进行式done-ing-ing 分词分词 三 非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么？的动作的先后关系是什么？弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在 非谓语表示的动作非谓语表示的动作 非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词的形式在谓语表示的动作之后在谓语表示的动作之后与谓语表示的动作同时与谓语表示的动作同时发生发生在谓语表示的动作之前在谓语表示的动作之前todo/tobedonetodo/tobedone/tobedoing;doing/beingdone;done;tohavedone/tohavebeendone;havingdone/havingbeendone非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 主补主补 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语不定式不定式-ing分词分词过去分词过去分词四四 非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？不定式和不定式和inging分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？1.1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。2.2.动名词作主语动名词作主语 时通常位于句首；不定式作主时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用语时常置于句末，用itit作形式主语放在句首。作形式主语放在句首。1)Smoking is prohibited(禁止禁止)here.2)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.(抽象抽象)(具体具体)Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.若主语和表语都是非谓语动词若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式应保持形式 上的一致。上的一致。1).Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._the answers ready will be of great help.A.To have B.Having had C.Have D.Having 2).In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important match.A.this B.that C.there D.it DD下列句型中常用动名词作主语下列句型中常用动名词作主语:Itis/wasnouse/goodnotanyuse/goodoflittleuse/gooduseless+doingsth.非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 主补主补 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语不定式不定式-ing分词分词过去分词过去分词不定式和动名词都可作宾语不定式和动名词都可作宾语,有何区别？有何区别？2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语3.有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别 1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语 1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：manage,promise,pretend,plan,offer,agree,ask,dare,choose,fail,help(帮助帮助)，want(想要想要),refuse等。等。2.2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：practise,appreciate,dislike,excuse,forgive,keep,resist,risk,deny,advise,fancy,complete,forbid,permit,allow,stand,referto,giveup,leadto,taketo,setabout,getdownto,objectto,succeedin,havedifficultyin.1)Icantstand_withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop2)Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldntrisk_thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglostCB3.3.有些动词如有些动词如begin,start;love,like,hate,prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟后既可以跟不定式又可以跟inging分词作宾语，分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别意义上无多大区别(但但inging分词分词一般表示经常性一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。Ilike_verymuch,butIdontlike_thisafternoon.A.swimming,swimmingB.toswim,toswimC.swimming,toswimD.toswim,swimmingCLittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethiseveningA.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking如果如果like,love,prefer前有前有would/should,后面则应该接动词不定式。后面则应该接动词不定式。AAwould like 还有哪些用法？还有哪些用法？思考：下列情况中动词后思考：下列情况中动词后接不定式还是接接不定式还是接ing分词作宾语呢？分词作宾语呢？1.Only then did I begin _(see)she was really good to me.2.The moment he returned home,I was starting/beginning _(cook)supper.3.The water began _(freeze).4.4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。讨论：有哪些单词或短语？讨论：有哪些单词或短语？goon(stop/remember/regret)todo/doinggoon(stop/remember/regret)todo/doingcancanthelptodo/doingthelptodo/doingbeusedtodo/doingbeusedtodo/doing(getusedtodoing)(getusedtodoing)(usedtodo)(usedtodo)非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 主补主补 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语不定式不定式-ing分词分词过去分词过去分词Childrenshouldbeallowed_theirowndecisions.A.makingB.tomakeC.makeD.havingmadeBMyadvisorencouraged_asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake D1.1.能接带能接带toto的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：足语的动词有：ask,advise,tell,force,get,allow,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,intend,expect,encourage,persuade,permit,request,order,warn,cause等等。2.2.使役动词，感官动词接使役动词，感官动词接不带不带toto的不定式作宾语补足语；的不定式作宾语补足语；和带和带toto的不定式作主语补足语。的不定式作主语补足语。常见的使役动词有常见的使役动词有make,let,have等；等；感官动词有感官动词有see,hear,watch,observe,notice,feel以及以及lookat,listento等。等。翻译：翻译：你宁愿让谁和你一起去？你宁愿让谁和你一起去？3.3.不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同。语表达的意义不同。Iheardher_(sing)anEnglishsongjustnow.Iheardher_(sing)anEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.IheardtheEnglishsong_(sing)manytimes.(4)IheardtheEnglishsong_(sing)whenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.singsingingsungbeing sung非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 主补主补 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语不定式不定式-ing分词分词过去分词过去分词 不定式、不定式、ing 分词和过去分词分词和过去分词都可以作定语，都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有“动宾关动宾关系系”,即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受者者;如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式动词后加上相应的介词动词后加上相应的介词分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如：示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如：Thequestion_(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance.Thequestion_(discuss)atthemeetingnowisofquiteimportance.Thequestion_(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrowisofquiteimportance.discussedbeingdiscussedtobediscussed注：注：ing分词作定语有时意义不同：分词作定语有时意义不同：flying fish 飞鱼飞鱼 a running dog 走狗走狗 a falling tide 落潮落潮 a crying boy 哭着的孩子哭着的孩子 a running machine a swimming pool a waiting room a walking stick a fishing pole a reading room非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 主补主补 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语不定式不定式-ing分词分词过去分词过去分词 能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样的状语往往取决去分词。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。于它们的位置和在句中的意义。Practise1).When_(heat)waterwillbechangedintovapour.While_(heat)water,wecanchangeitintovapour.2)_(see)fromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful._(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthecitybeautiful.3)Generallyspeaking,when_(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.If_(take)thedrugaccordingtothedirections,youwillbebettersoon.heatedheatingSeenSeeingtakentaking分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。从句。1)Beinganorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.2)Hebeinganorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.3)Ashewasanorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.FTT(Trueorfalse)现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别1).Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET1998)A.makingB.makesC.makeD.tomake 2).Hehurriedtothestationonly_thatthetrainhadleft.(2005广东广东)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound 现在分词作结果状语往往表示现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、正常出现的、自自然而然的或意料之中然而然的或意料之中”的结果。不定式作结果状的结果。不定式作结果状语语时通常表示时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果一种结果 AA非谓语动非谓语动词词主语主语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 主补主补 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语不定式不定式-ing分词分词过去分词过去分词动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释解或用来表动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释解或用来表示示“身份、职业身份、职业”等。这时主语与表语位置可以等。这时主语与表语位置可以互换互换 Themainjoboftheantqueenislayingeggs.Ourworkisservingthepeople 表示心理状态的动词如表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物等都是及物动词，汉语注解不是动词，汉语注解不是“激动激动”、“高兴高兴”，而是，而是“使得使得激激动动”、“使高兴使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的令人激动的”、“令人高兴的令人高兴的”，过去分词则是，过去分词则是“感到激动的感到激动的”和和“感感到高到高兴的兴的”。所以，凡表示。所以，凡表示“令人令人的的”都是都是-ing形式，形式，凡凡是表示是表示“感到感到 ”都用都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人形式。换句话说，若人对对感兴趣，就是感兴趣，就是somebodyisinterestedin.，若人若人/物本身有趣时，就是物本身有趣时，就是sb./sth.isinteresting。现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别delighting令人高兴的令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的感到高兴的disappointing 令人失望的令人失望的disappointed 感到感到 失望的失望的encouraging 令人鼓舞的令人鼓舞的encouraged 感到鼓感到鼓 舞的舞的pleasing 令人愉快的令人愉快的pleased 感到愉快的感到愉快的puzzling 令人费解的令人费解的puzzled 感到费解的感到费解的satisfying 令人满意的令人满意的satisfied 感到满意的感到满意的surprising 令人惊异的令人惊异的surprised 感到惊异的感到惊异的worrying 令人担心的令人担心的worried 感到担心的感到担心的 动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。1)LiPings/Myhelpinghermovedherdeeply.2)Iappreciateyour/you/LiPings/LiPingcomingtoseeme.3)Isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematch?4)Whatmademeangrywasmanystudentsfailingintheexam.(动名词结构作宾语动名词结构作宾语,其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均可可)(动名词结构作主语动名词结构作主语,其逻辑主语用所有格其逻辑主语用所有格)(逻辑主语是无生命名词时逻辑主语是无生命名词时,只用普通只用普通格格)(以以-s 结尾的名词结尾的名词,只用普通格只用普通格)1)Iwouldappreciate_backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.yourecalling2)_madehermotherveryangry.A.MarymarryingJimB.MarysmarriedJimC.MarysmarryingJimD.MarysbeingmarriedJimCC 3).Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught4).Thenoiseof_couldbeheardoutinthestreet.A.desksopeningandclosingB.desksopenedandclosedC.desksbeingopenedandclosedD.desksbeingopenedandclosedC C 独立主格结构独立主格结构练习：练习：造一个含有独立主格结造一个含有独立主格结构的句子构的句子1.Allflights_becauseofthesnowstorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.A.werecanceledB.hadbeencanceledC.havingcanceledD.havingbeencanceled2._foralongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.A.BeingnorainB.TherewasnorainC.TobenorainD.Therebeingnorain3.Everything_intoconsideration,theybelievedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtotheirpositions.A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.takingDDBII.巩固巩固 练习（练习（07高考真题检测）高考真题检测）1.Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry.With so much work _ my mind,I almost break down.（07福建卷）福建卷）A.filledB.filling C.to fillD.being filled2.John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _ he gladly accepted it.（07安徽卷）安徽卷）A.finishedB.finishingC.having finishedD.was finished3.Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh,yes.How often I have regretted _ his advice!（07安徽卷）安徽卷）A.to take B.taking C.not to takeD.not taking4.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.（07浙江卷）浙江卷）A.to be heardB.to have heardC.hearingD.being heard5._ by a greater demand for vegetables,farmers have built more green houses.（07浙江卷）浙江卷）A.DrivenB.Being drivenC.To driveD.Having driven6.As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not _,and asked myself what I was going to do.（07湖南卷）湖南卷）A.moved B.movingC.to moveD.being moved7.“Things _ never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.（07湖南卷）湖南卷）A.lostB.losingC.to loseD.have lost8.Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.（07山东卷）山东卷）A.to seatB.to be seatedC.seatingD.seated9.At the beginning of class,the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.（07全国卷全国卷II）A.opened and closedB.to be opened and closedC.being opened and closedD.to open and close10.Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon.（07四川卷）四川卷）A.said B.says C.saying D.to say11.He is a student at Oxford University,_ for a degree in computer science.（07北京）北京）A.studied B.studyingC.to have studiedD.to be studying12.The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons _ for the day.（07重庆卷）重庆卷）A.finishing B.finishedC.had finished D.were finished13.I smell something _ in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?（07全国全国I）A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burnt14.When asked why he went there,he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.（07江西卷）江西卷）A.training B.being trained C.to have trained D.to be trained15.Can I smoke here?Sorry.We dont allow _ here.（07江苏卷）江苏卷）A.people smoking B.people smoke C.to smoke D.smoking16.He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures.（07江苏卷）江苏卷）A.interested B.interesting C.interest D.to interest17.As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area _.（07陕陕西卷）西卷）A.need repairingB.needs to repairC.needs repairingD.need to repair19.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,_ in the natural light during the day.（07天津卷）天津卷）A.to letB.lettingC.letD.having let20.After a knock at the door,the child heard his mothers voice _ him.（07上海卷）上海卷）A.callingB.calledC.being calledD.to call21.The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.（07上海卷）上海卷）A.to be completedB.having been completedC.completedD.being completed（08高考真题检测）高考真题检测）1(08全国卷全国卷I26)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_.A.tobebreathed B.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed2(08全国卷全国卷II12)Thedirectorhadherassistant_somehotdogsforthemeeting.A.pickedupB.picksupC.pickupD.pickingup3(08北京卷北京卷24)_thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshedlikethatlittledollonherbed.A.SeeingB.ToseeC.SeeD.Seen4(08北京卷北京卷31)Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?Yes.But_it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding5(08北京卷北京卷32)Ifeelgreatlyhonored_intotheirsociety.A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed6(08北京卷北京卷35)Itisworthconsideringwhatmakes“convenience”foodssopopular,and_betteronesofyourown.A.introducesB.tointroduceC.introducingD.introduced7(08上海春卷上海春卷32)Asanewdriver,Ihavetopractise_thecarinmysmallgarageagainandagainA.parkingB.toparkC.parkedD.park8(08上海春卷上海春卷34)Duetotheheavyrainandflooding,tenmillionpeoplehavebeenforced_theirhomesA.leavingB.toleaveC.tobeleftD.beingleft9(08上海春卷上海春卷38)Throughouthistory,thelanguage_byapowerfulgroupspreadsacrossacivilizationA.speakingB.spokenC.tospeakD.tobespoken10(08上海春卷上海春卷39)Ifwehaveillegalimmigrants_in,manylocalworkerswilllosetheirjobsA.cameB.comingC.tocomeD.havingcome11(08上海卷上海卷30)Mysister,aninexperiencedrider,wasfoundsittingonthebicycle_tobalanceit.A.havingtriedB.tryingC.totryD.tried12(08上海卷上海卷33)Iftheresalotofwork_,Iamhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doing13(08上海卷上海卷35)Somethingassimpleas_somecoldwatermayclearyourmindorrelievepressure.A.todrinkB.drinkingC.tobedrinkingD.drunk14(08上海卷上海卷37)Ideally_forBroadwaytheatresandFifthAvenue,theNewYorkParkisafavouritewithmanyguests.A.locatingB.beinglocatedC.havingbeenlocatedD.located15(08天津卷天津卷04)_theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.A.TothrowB.ThrownC.ThrowingD.Beingthrown16(08重庆卷重庆卷29)toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinsteadA.FailB.FailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed17(08辽宁卷辽宁卷27)Hewasbusywritingastory,only_onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.A.tostopB.stoppingC.tohavestopped D.havingstopped18(08辽宁卷辽宁卷31)Pleaseremain_;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.A.seatingB.seatedC.toseatD.tobeseated19(08山东卷山东卷35)Lucysnewjobpaidtwiceasmuchasshehadmade_intherestaurant.A.workingB.workC.toworkD.worked20(08江苏卷江苏卷29)Theyarequiet,arentthey?Yes.Theyareaccustomed_atmeals.A.totalkB.tonottalkC.totalkingD.tonottalking21(08江苏卷江苏卷34)TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish_asmuchaswecan.A.speak.B.speakingCspokenD.tospeak22(08江西卷江西卷24)IheartheyvepromotedTom,buthedidntmention_whenwetalkedonthephone.A.topromoteB.havingbeenpromotedC.havingpromotedD.tobepromoted23(08江西卷江西卷28)Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime_.A.allowingB.toallowC.allowedD.allows24(08安徽卷安徽卷30)_inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.A.Towalk.B.WalkingC.WalkedD.Havingwalked25(08浙江卷浙江卷10)_thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.A.NotrealizedB.NottorealizeC.NotrealizingD.Nottohaverealized26(08浙江卷浙江卷13)Itisoneofthefunniestthings_ontheInternetsofarthisyear.A.findingB.beingfoundC.tofindD.found27(08湖南卷湖南卷