高一动词时态、语态讲解及练习.doc

动词时态
1.一般现在时 (do, does)
1)The earth goes around the sun.
2) His dog always barks at strangers.
3) When his dog barks, he will know that a stranger may e.
4) The train leaves at seven tonight.
（事实、真理）（习惯性、经常性）（时间、条件状从句）（按规定、时间表）
1.Could you tell me if it in winter in Beijing.
A. snowed B. snows C. snow D. will snow
2. I need one more stamp before my collection _____.
A. has pleted B. pletes
C. has been pleted D. is pleted
时间、条件、程度状语从句中动词的时态
在if 、unless等词引导的条件状语从句，when、 till/until 、as soon as 、the time等词引导的时间状语从句，以及the more …the more 结构引导的程度状语从句中，当主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间。
2.一般过去时 （did）
1) The monkey fell down from the tree just now.
2) They danced for four years.
（过去发生的动作或存在的状态）（过去经常或反复发生的动作）
判断正误
1、对不起，我没看见你在这儿。
Sorry, I don’t see you here.
Sorry, I didn’t see you here.
2、我忘了把你的伞带来了。
I forget to bring your umbrella with me.
I forgot to bring your umbrella with me.
3. 进行时
1) It’s snowing.
2) He is always telling lies.
3) They are leaving for school.
a. 现在进行时 （is/are/am + doing)
go, e, leave 等用现在进行时代替将来时
be always / often … doing 表示说话人的态度
b. 过去进行时 (was/ were + doing)
1) She was doing homework this time yesterday.
2) He was doing his homework.
3) He did his homework.
4) He has done his homework.
过去在做，不知道有没有完成
过去就完成了
到现在已经完成了
4. 完成时态
有时间标志， 从过去某个时间开始，一直到现在，并对现在存在影响
since, for, before, in the past /last few years …
A. 现在完成时(have/ has + done)
1) We have learned about 2,000 words since we entered senior high school.
2) I have studied English for nearly 10 years.
3) Great changes have taken place in Shanghai in the past 10 years.
B.过去完成时 （had done)
1)When he was eight months old, he had learned to drink milk by himself.
2)The boy had hoped to pass the exam.
3) The lady had intended to hold the vase.
had thought/hoped/intended/planned …表示原本打算，但没能实现的
C. 完成进行时 (has/have/had + been + doing)
1) They have been doing the experiment all day long.
2) He had been doing homework before he went to bed.
强调过去某个时间开始，然后一直持续，没有中断
一般将来时
（1）表示将要发生的动作和状态
It is going to rain.
（2）表示一种倾向和习惯动作
A lion will never attack an elephant.
We will die without air and water.
（3）常用进行时表将来的动作有 e, go, leave, arrive 等，表示不易改变的动作。
Spring is ing.
She is leaving for the USA.
4. 将来时态
将来时的几种用法比较
be going to
shall / willbe to dobe about to do
be going to
表示打算或计划
I have bought some bricks and I am going to build a house with them.
表示非常可能发生
Be careful! You are going to break the chair.
不能用在条件从句中
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.willshall / will表意愿I will go to the cinima with you tonight.
表事先没有考虑过，说话时临时想到的
--- Where is the telephone book?
--- I will get it for you.be to do表按安排、计划即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。
President Bush is to visit China next month.
If you are to succeed, you must work hard.
be about to do
表即可，就要， 后面不能接时间状语，但经常和when 引导的状语从句连用。
The plane is about to take off.
I was about to go out when he came in.Ex.改错：
Hello, I learn about you from my English teacher.
I am happy with one programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing …
… I’d like very much to e but I had an examination on Monday morning.
As we climed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.learnedhavewasvisited

动词时态、语态 练习

1.I can guess you were in a hurry.You＿＿＿＿your sweater inside out.
A.had worn B.wore C.were wearing D.are wearing
2.-- We ＿＿＿＿＿ that you would fix the TV set this week.
-- I'm sorry.I ＿＿＿＿＿ to fix it this week, but I've been too busy.
A.had expected； had intended B.are expecting； had intended
C.expect； intend D.expected； intend

3.He will stop showing off, if no notice ＿＿＿＿＿ of him.
A.is taken B.will be taken C.takes D.has taken
4.--It is said that another new car factory＿＿＿＿＿now.
-- Yeah.It ＿＿＿＿＿one and a half years.
A.is building； takes B.is being built； will take
C.is built； will take D.is being built； takes
5.-- I'm sorry, but I shouldn't have been so rude to you.
-- You ＿＿＿＿＿ your temper but that's OK.
A.have lost B.had lost did lose D.were losing
6.-- Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty!
-- Mum, I ＿＿＿＿＿ my storeroom downstairs。
A.cleaned B.have worked C.was cleaning D.have been cleaning
7.They won't buy new clothes because they＿＿＿money to buy a color TV set.
A.save B.are saving C.has saved D.were saving
8.Good heavens! There you are! We＿＿＿anxious about you, and we ＿＿＿you back throughout the night. A.are；expect B.were；had expected C.have been； were expecting D.are, were expecting
9.I've finally finished my paper and it ＿＿＿＿＿ me an entire month.
A.takes B.took C.was taken D.had taken
10.The traffic in our city is already good and it ＿＿＿even better.
A.gets B.got C.has got D.is getting
11.-- Has Jack finished his homework yet?
-- I have no idea； he ＿＿＿it this morning.
A.was doing B.had been doing C.has done D.did
12.-- I will e to attend your lecture at 10：00 tomorrow.
-- I'm sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I＿＿＿my guests in my office.
A.is being met B.will meet C.will be meeting D.will have met
13.-- Alice came back home the day before yesterday.
-- Really ? Where ＿＿＿＿＿ ?
A.has she been B.had she been C.has she gone D.had she gone
14.John and I＿＿＿friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we＿＿＿＿＿ each other a couple of times before that.
A.had been； have met B.have been； have met C.had been； had met D.have been； had met
15.I ＿＿＿＿ ping-pong quite well, but I haven't had time to play since the new year.
A.will play B.have played C.played D.play
16.I've won a holiday for two to Florida.I ＿＿＿＿＿ my mum.
A.take B.am taking C.have taken D.will have taken
17.-- You haven't said a word about my new coat,Brenda.Do you like it?
-- I' m sorry I ＿＿＿＿＿＿ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it' s pretty on you.
A.wasn't saying B.don't say C.won't say D.didn't say
18.-- Where ＿＿＿＿＿? -- I got stuck in the heavy traffic.I ＿＿＿＿＿ here earlier.
A.did you go； had arrived B.have you been； would have been
C.were you； would e D.are you； was
19.I know Mr Brown； we ＿＿＿＿＿＿ to each other at an international conference.
A.are introduced B.have been introduced C.were introduced D.had been introduced
20.--Where do you think＿＿＿＿＿he＿＿＿＿the puter?
-- Sorry.I have no idea.
A.has ； bought B.／ ； bought C.did ； buy D.had ； bought

参考答案及解析：
1.D。can guess 这一现在猜测是建立在眼前所见情景的基础上的，故用现在进行时。
2.A。expect, intend, want, wish, hope, plan 等动词的过去完成式可表示过去未曾实现的想法、愿望、打算等。
3.A。如主句用将来时，在时间、条件和让步状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。又因if 从句是take notice of...的被动语态结构，故选A。
4.B。根据主语与build之间的被动关系和now， 可知要选现在进行时的被动语态；因工厂正在修建，花费一年半应指将来。
5.C。shouldn' t have done 表示"过去本不应......"。You did lose your temper 是You lost your temper 的强调形式。
6.D。现在完成进行时表示从过去某时到现在一直在进行的动作。
7.B。句意为：他们（现在）不愿买新衣服，因为他们在攒钱买电视。由此可见，攒钱是现阶段正在进行的动作。
8.C。担心是从过去某时到说话时为止一直在进行的动作，用现在完成时；expect 是在过去某一段时间里（整个晚上）正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。
9.B。论文已完成，花费一个月时间应指过去；某事花费某人多少时间用sthtakes sb.some time 结构。
10.D。交通现在已经好了，在此基础上正在变得更好。
11.A。题干没有构成"过去的过去"，不可选B。如选C、D则表示动作已完成，与have no idea相矛盾。过去进行时表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作，不涉及结果，正好附合题干语境。
12.C。by then 是指将来的时间状语，排除A。再由句意可知，meet指的是到了十点钟时将正在进行的动作。
13.B。问句问的是前天回来之前去了哪儿，故用过去完成时。注意had gone表示人未回来，与第一句相矛盾。
14.D。for＋时间段表示从过去某时延续至今的动作或状态，用现在完成时；meet发生在got to know 这一过去动作之前，用过去完成时。
15.D。用一般现在时表示现在的特征或状态。
16.B。e, go, leave, arrive, take 等动词常用进行时表砂将来。
17.D。表示过去没有做某事应用去时。又因句子没有"过去正在进行 "之意，帮排除A。
18.B。问对方"去了哪里"，指的是从过去某时到现在为止的动作，用现在完成时；第二个空格是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气和主句，条件状语从句If I hadn' t got stuck in the heavy traffic 被省略。
19.C。在一个国际会议上被介绍显然发生在过去。
20.B。此句为复杂特殊疑问句结构，即"疑问词＋do you think (believe, suppose, expect, imagine, say, consider, guess等）＋其它（陈述语序）?"。