初中-定语从句考点最全讲解练习及答案.ppt

限制性定语从句考点与学习方法限制性定语从句考点与学习方法学习方法：拆分法连接词从句的单复数与主被动定语从句的连接词考点（关系副词、关系代词）基础考点:对人、物分别做主格、宾格的考点That问题（问题（1、that对主格、宾格互换对主格、宾格互换2、that的三加三不加）的三加三不加）连接词的省略问题（必须同时满足对宾格提问、介词后置)宾格时的介词前置与后置关系代词与关系副词的区别(where为代表的重点句型）定语从句定语从句-l啥叫定语:修饰方式也l啥叫从句l啥叫定语从句我的书我的书红色的书红色的书在桌子上在桌子上的书的书我放在桌我放在桌子上的书子上的书正在移动正在移动的桌子的桌子被移动的被移动的桌子桌子My bookThe red bookThe book on the tableThe book that I put on the tableThe moving tableThe table movingThe moved table The table moved人称代词+nAdj+nN+介词短语N+定语从句N+vingN+ved定语定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词分词、不定式不定式、介词短语介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：Maryisabeautifulgirl.Thegirlbehindthetree is Kate.Themandrivingtoofast was a drunk.拆分法拆分法拆、找、合拆、找、合l一个戴眼镜的女孩在上课l拆拆：拆成有拆成有同一个字同一个字的两个句子。的两个句子。l一个女孩在上课，这个女孩戴眼镜。l找：找同一字找：找同一字l翻译句子 the girl is having class;the girl wears glassesl根据特殊疑问句的知识，在第二句找出特殊疑问词lthe girl wears glasseswhol合合：把特殊疑问句紧挨着同一字放上去把特殊疑问句紧挨着同一字放上去lThe girl who wears glasses is having class拆分法学定语从句拆分法学定语从句l这个戴眼镜的学生在吃饭l拆：拆成有拆：拆成有两个同一词两个同一词的两个句子的两个句子l这个学生在吃饭，这个学生戴眼镜lThe student is having dinner,the student wears glassesl找找:thestudent wears glasses-whol合合:Thestudentwhowearsglassesishavingdinnerl我们用我05年买的电脑l拆：拆：Weusethecomputer,Iboughtthecomputerin2005.l找：找：Iboughtthecomputerin2005.whichl合；合；We use the computer which/that/不填 I bought in 2005.l我在街上遇到了这个我以前在上海交的朋友l1 我在街上遇到了这个朋友，l2 我以前在上海交朋友lI met the friend on the street.I made the friend in Shanghai.lWho/Whom I made in Shanghai.lI met the friend who I made in Shanghai on the streetJoin two sentences into one:The boy is my brother.He helped me.1.The boy who helped me is my brother.The film is interesting.They saw it last night.2.The film they saw last night is interesting.The students will not pass the exam.They dont work hard.3.The students who dont work hard will not pass the exam.定语从句定语从句用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。1.The students(who dont study hard)will not pass 先行词 定语从句the exam.主句:The students will not pass the exam.2.The woman(whom you saw in the park)is our 先行词 定语从句English teacher.主句:The woman is our English teacher.从句的主语：you从句的宾语：whom3.A shoe shop is a shop(which sells shoes).主句：A shoe shop is a shop.从句的主语:which4.The book(that you want)is on the desk.主句从句的主语:从句的宾语：The book is on the desk.youthat引导定语从句的关系代词关系代词常见的有that,which,whowhom等。关系代词关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。The man(that/who told us a funny story)is in the next room.主语I lost the book(that/which)you gave me).宾语归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作在定语从句中作宾语宾语时，可时，可省省去。去。1)A plane is a machine _ can fly.2)The car _ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3)The students _ dont study hardwill not pass the exam.4)The woman _ you saw inthe park is our English teacher.5)He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.which/thatwhich/that/who/thatwhom/that/that判断下列引导词在句中的用法判断下列引导词在句中的用法Eg:1.He is such a man who never tells a lie.2.He is the model worker whom/who we should learn from.3.A dictionary is a book which often helps us to know the meanings of the words.4.This is the film which I like best.5.The boy whose father is a professor is one of my best friends.指代指代、所作成分所作成分、是否可省略是否可省略1.That book that you want it is on the desk.2.Is this factory that we visited last week?the oneThis factory is the one that we visited last week?3.He is the person for whom you are looking.for4.The person to whom you talked is Lily.The person whom you talked to is Lily.归纳：1定语从句要避免成分重复 2定语从句要避免漏用先行词 3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语that whichwhowhom关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做做宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略关系代词which和that的区别：A.关系代词必须用that的情形：This is the best film that I have ever seen.The first man arrived at the class was our headteacher.This is the only ticket that I got yesterday.This is the very book that Im looking for.Is there anything that I can do for you?All that you have to do is to press the button.There is no time that we can waste.The car and its driver that knocked down the old lady have been taken to the police station.v有些情况下只用关系词有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用而不宜用which定语从句中需注意事项（一）定语从句中需注意事项（一）1.从句所修饰的词又被从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级形容词最高级或或序数词序数词修饰时修饰时,只能用只能用that引导从句引导从句.lThisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.lThefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.2.先行词是先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词时不定代词时,只能用只能用that.lHereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.lNotallthatglittersisgold.3.先行词既有人也有物时先行词既有人也有物时,只能用只能用that引出从引出从句句lIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.4.先行词是先行词是one of,the one,或用或用much,little,few,no,any作修饰，用作修饰，用that Is it the one that you want?We havent got much that you can offer us.5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，关系词用thatlWhichisthebikethatyoulost?lWhoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?Summarize:只能用只能用thatthat引导定语从句的几种情况引导定语从句的几种情况1)先行词被先行词被序数词或形容词最高级序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。所修饰时。2）先行词被）先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修修饰时。饰时。3)先行词是先行词是不定代词不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等等.4）先行词被）先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。等修饰。5）先行词既有）先行词既有人人又有又有物物时。时。B.指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用whichThis is the question about which weve had so much discussion.Fillinthegaps:1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle_ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _ I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _ can frightenme.6.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?7.My hometown is not the same one _ it usedto be twenty years ago.thatthatthat/that/thatthatthatCorrectthefollowingsentences:1.This is the best film which I have seen.2.Thats all which want to say.This is the best film that I have seen.Thats all that I want to say.3.Is there anything which you want in this shop?4.He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all.5.The room in that she lives is a large one.Is there anything that you want in this shop?He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.The room in which she lives is a large one.Corrections:1.The man just said hello to me is my chemistry teacher.who2.Who is the comrade you just shook hands with him.3.Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.(where which)4.This is the best dictionary which I have ever used.(which that)5.The house where we live in is not very large.(where which/that)6.The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up inthe earthquake.“介词关系代词”即“介词whom/which”引导定语从句应注意：1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2)I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3)I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4)I got home at 7:00 p.m.yesterday,_ most people had had supper.on whichduring whichin whichby whichB.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid29 US dollars?2)Have you found the book _ I spent29 US dollars?3)Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4)Have you found the book _ she often talks?for whichon whichfrom whichabout which2.“介词whom/which”与“whom/which/that/介词”的转换。1）The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood.The chair(which/that)she is sitting on is madeof wood.2)Is this the book which you are looking for?介词for不能与 look分开。3.way作先行词1)The way(in which/that)he looks at the problems is wrong.Whose的用法的用法l例：我喜欢去有悠久历史的地方l拆：I like to visit a place.The places history is long.l概念颠覆：lHis book whose book.lToms book whose booklThe places history whose historyl找：The places history is long.whose l合:I like to visit a place whose history is long.l例：Do you know the woman whose name is Mary.l例：Pass me the dictionary ofwhichcover is black.l总结：whose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句,whose在从在从句中作定语句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词修饰表示人或物的先行词.对物对物可用可用whose,ofwhich两种两种4.表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of,有时可用whose转换。1)There are 100 teachers in our school,_60 are women teachers.2)He has three children,two _ work asteachers.3)That table has four legs,all _ arevery short.4)Im painting a house,the roof _ isround.Im painting a house whose roof is.5)They live in a house,_ windows facesouth.They live in a house,the windows_ face south.of whomof whomof whichof whichwhoseof which用介词关系代词填空1 The boy was staying in the room _window he could climb down.2.Hes the man _ I learnt the news.3.Whos the comrade _ you just shookhands.4.There are 52 students in our class,_nearly 40 are League members.5.I know a lady the husband _ is a Nobel Prize winner.6.Do you know the driver who caused the traffic accident _ a man was killed.7.This is the way _ she studies English.through whosefrom whomwith whomof whomof whomin whichin which 8.The 5 yuan_ he bought the book was given by his friend.9.The story about Shakespeare,_ this is one example,is well written.10.The old man always wears his glasses _ _ he cant see anything.11.The key_ she was opening the door broke.12.The library _ we often go on Sundays is not far from our school.13.No one know the reason _ she is leaving so early.14.At last they came to a river _ a new bridge is being built.for whichof whichwithoutwhichwith whichto whichfor whichover which关系代词引导的定语从句：Complete the following sentences:1.Is this the school _ you visited last year?Is this school _ _ you visited last year?2.He is one of the students who _ good at maths.He is the only one of the students who _ goodat maths.3.The girl _ I think was honest lied to me.The girl _ I think to be honest lied to me.4.China is no longer _ she was 10 years ago.China is no longer the country _ she was 10years ago.(that/which)the oneareiswhowhomwhatthat5.The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from_ _ you bought last month.The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from_ you bought last month.6.Do you still remember the hotel _ _ welived last summer holiday?Do you still remember the park _we visited last summer holiday?7.This is the room _ my grandmother used to lived in.This is the room _ _ my grandmother used to lived.the onewhatin which(that/which)(which/that)in which8.He has two sons,and both of _ work as actors.He has two sons,both of _ work as actors.9.China has hundreds of islands,_ _ Taiwanis the largest.China has hundreds of islands,the largest_ is Taiwan.10.This is the house _ _ the window wasbroken yesterday.This is the house _ window was broken yesterday.11.He is the teacher _ _ help we havemade great progress.themwhomof whichofwhichof whichwhosewith whose附加部分附加部分关系副词关系副词关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有代词一样，具有多重作用。多重作用。o在从句中代替先行词。在从句中代替先行词。o在从句中在从句中作状语作状语。o连接作用连接作用 关系副词关系副词有有三种三种：where:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点.when:在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。why:在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语,指代原因。指代原因。关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法：1.where的用法：的用法：(先行词应是先行词应是地点名词地点名词）Thehotelwasntclean.+Westayedatthehotel.Westayed where.先行词先行词关系词关系词从句从句=Thehotelwherewestayedwasntclean.时间状语时间状语whenl例:我总是记得我们相遇的那一天l拆：我总是记得那一天。我们相遇在那一天。lI always remember the day.We met on the day.l找：on the day whenl合:I always remember the day when we met.原因状语原因状语why固定句型固定句型thereasonwhyl例：这就是你总是迟到的原因。lThis is the reason why you are late.l例：这就是我邀请你参加晚会的原因。lThis is the reason why I invite you to take part in the party.关系副词when,where,why的用法1.Do you still remember the day whenwe went to visit the museum together?Do you still remember the day on whichwe went to visit the museum together?2.This is the factory wheremy father once worked.This is the factory in whichmy father once worked.3.This is the reason whyhe was late.This is the reason for which he was late.Summarize:在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加上上which，在从句中作，在从句中作状语状语When=in/at/on/+which;Where=in/at/on/+which;Why=for/+whichFill in the blanks.1.I still remember the day _ we spent inthe forest.2.I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.3.The factory _ we will visit is large.4.The factory _ his father works is large.5.Ill never forget the time _ we work on the farm.6.This is the house _ we lived last year.that/whichwhen/on whichthat/whichwherewhen/at whichwhere/in which归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.Practice:1.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthatthereason_youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where2.Imgoingtovisittheschool_ mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what3.Doyoustillremembertheday_IfirstcametoBeijing?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereAACl1Friends are those make you smile,always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.lA.which B.what C.whom D.whol2Its quite common in Britain to say“Thank you”to the drivers for people get off the bus.lA.who B.what C.which D.wherel3-Barbara,where do you work?l -I work for a company sells cars.lA.which B.where C.what D.whol4-Do you know Hong Zhanhui?l -Yes.Hes the college student has moved Chinese people.lA.who B.which C.what D.whoml5Jamie is a young cook wants to improve school dinners.lA.who B.whose C.whom D.whichl6-Do you know the girl in red is?l -Im not sure.Maybe a teacher.l A.when B.how C.where D.whatl7Pauls uncle is the man taught us math last year.lA.where B.which C.who D.whenl8The whole world is fighting against the H1N1,a disease has caused many deaths.lA.who B.which C.whom D.whatl9Is that the man helped us a lot after the earthquake.l A.whose B.which C.when D.whol10-The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children,isnt it?l -Yes,it has built many schools those children can study happily.l A.where B.when C.which D.whatl11The panda is a kind of animal can be found only in China.l A.who B.whose C.which D.wherel12_have finished the work can leave.lA.Those who B.Any one lC.The one who D.whichl13I like the music I can dance to.l A.that B.whose C.when D.howl14-Is the girl is interviewing the manager of that company your friend?l -Yes,she is a journalist from CCTV.l A.whom B.which C.who D.whosel15 I like to visit a place history is long.lA.which B.that C.whose D.whol16The number of people lost their lives in Indonesian earthquake reached as many as 6200.l A.which B.who lC.whom D.whosel17a robot is a machine can do some difficult work instead of man.lA.who B./C.that D.whatl18-Excuse me,can I have a talk with your manager?l -Yes?I am just the man you are looking for.l A.whose B.what C.who D.whichl19Rosa likes music is quiet and gentle.l A.when B.that C.where D.whol20The book he bought yesterday is very interesting.l A./B.why C.when D.whatl21 Im a football fan.Im interested in everything is about the 2006 World Cup.l A.who B.that C.where D.whenl22My parents usually buy me some simple clothes can last a long time.l A.who B.that C.whom D.whosel23-Do you like the red car is made in Tianjin?l -Sure,it looks terrific.l A.where B.who C.which D.whenl1.D.考点分析:先行词之人且在从句中作主语是，关系代词用who.l2.A.考点分析:people是定语从句的先行词，指人，且在定语从句中作主语，故关系代词用who.l3.A.考点分析:先行词是a company,所以关系代词用which.l4.A.考点分析:先行词是the college student大学生，是指人，且在从句中作主语，故选择who.l5.A.考点分析:先行词是Jamie,是人，且在从句中作主语。l6.D.考点分析:由答语teacher得知，是询问职业，故用what.l7.C.考点分析:先行词为the man,且在从句中作主语，故用who.l8.B.考点分析:先行词是a disease,指物，关系代词应用which或that.l9.D.考点分析:先行词是the man,且在从句中作主语，故用who.l10.A.考点分析:先行词是many schools,表地点，在从句中作地点状语，故用where.l11.C.考点分析:本句先行词是animal,是物，故用which.l12.A.考点分析:主句主语为those,谓语为can leave.Those又是后面who引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词。关系代词的意义、人称、数相当于先行词。定语从句谓语为现在完成时态，助动词have表明，先行词应为复数。l1