广州牛津新版七年级上册Unit3-The-Earth-复习资料教案资料.doc

广州牛津新版七年级上册Unit3 The Earth 复习资料

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广州牛津新版七年级上册Unit3 The Earth 复习资料

一、 单词短语默写

地球 Ÿ 知识竞赛;小测试 模式;形式 保护  报告  部分 陆地 田地 大的 提供 污染 燃烧 能量;能源 污染 到....里面;进入 地面 杀死 必须 重要的  事实 公里;千米 自己的 捕捉 不多;很少 去别处;朝另一个方向 Ÿ 问题;难题
短语
为....提供. 把....倒入... 扔掉
二、Reading
1. There are forests and rivers, mountains and fields.　有森林、河流、高山和田野。
field此处是可数名词，意为“田野；田地”　　 work in the fields在田里干活
a football field一个足球场　 the field of science科学领域　　
2. Some places are very hot, and some are very cold.
some…some一些……另一些……，
　 some…others　一些……另一些（不是全部）……
　 some…the others 一些……其它的（剩下的全部）……
区分：one…the other 一个……另一个……
3. Some are large. Some are small. 一些很大。一些很小。
large意为 “大的，巨大的”，常指面积，范围，可表示数和量（当它直接用于人时，可表示身体的大），其反义词为small。如：They say China is a large and beautiful country.
他们说中国是一个面积大而美丽的国家。 We have a large farm.我们有一个大农场。
I like the colour, but it's too large。我喜欢这种颜色,但是它太大了.
a large number of 大量的
big“大的”，常指容积，重量等（还可表示“伟大，重要”之意）。用于具体事物（其反义词多为little）。如：This is a big cock.这是只大公鸡。Jim's cake is the biggest of all.吉姆的蛋糕是所有蛋糕中最大的。There is a big tree beside the house.房子旁边有一棵大树。
great“极大的，伟大的，重大的”，常指数量，体积大（或指抽象的事物或精神方面的东西，如知识，能力，人格等），用来指人时，表示“伟大的，杰出的”。如：We heard a great noise.我们听到一个很大的响声。Mao Zedong is a great leader of China.毛泽东是中国的伟大领袖。
区分：China is a large country. 强调面积
China a big country. 强调实力
China is a great country. 强调伟大
a large box一个大箱子（强调体积大，不一定重）
a big box一个大箱子（强调不仅大，而且重）
a large person大个子 a big person伟人，大人物
4. Some live on the land. Some fly in the sky. Some live under the water.
有些生活在陆地上，有些飞翔在天空中， 还有些住在水底下。注意介词搭配
on the farm on the playground
区分：on the wall in the wall 区分： on the tree in the tree
5. There are also many people like you and me on Earth. 地球上还有很多像你我一样的人。
区分also; too; either
also常用于肯定句中，位于实义动词前，或用于be 动词，情态动词之后；而too通常用于肯定句末；either用于否定句末．
He also enjoys reading.　他也喜欢阅读．
He is also clever.　他也很聪明．
I really like this song, and I like the first one too.　我很喜欢这首歌，我也喜欢第一首．
I don’t like singing. She doesn’t like singing, either.  我不喜欢唱歌．她也不喜欢唱歌．
本句中like是介词，意为＂像……一样＂
That’s not right. Do it like this. 那样不对，像这样做才对。
６. The Earth provides us with air, water and food.　地球为我们提供了空气、水少食物。
provide及物动词，意为“提供”，常与介词with连用，provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb. 例；The sun provides us with light and heat.= The sun provides light and heat for us.太阳给我们提供光和热。
辨析：
provide
指“准备好必需品来供应”
offer
指“主动地提供帮助、支撑等”
They provide food for the hungry children. 他们为饥饿的孩子们提供食物。
The boys offered to help the old.　男孩们主动帮助老年人。
　　offer to do sth.　主动做某事
7. Today, there is a lot of pollution.　今天，有很多污染。
pollution不可数名词，意为“污染”。air pollution　　空气污染　　　　　noise pollution　噪声污染　　There is a lot of pollution in the air here.这里的空气有大量的污染。
pollute及物动词，意为“污染；弄脏”
The dirty water from the factory pollutes the river.　来自工厂的脏水污染了这条河。
8. We burn things to make energy.
burn及物动词，意为“燃烧；点燃”. energy不可数名词，意为“能量；能源”
make energy“制造能量；获取能量”
She burns all her books.她把书全烧了。　It is important to save energy.节省能源十分重要。
　 Now, people use water, the wind and the sun to make energy.　如今，人们利用水、风和太阳来获取能量。
9. We put our rubbish into the sea and under the ground. 我们把垃圾倒入海洋、埋入地下。
put…into　把……放入……；把……倒入……
They put the waste waer into the river. 他们把废水倒入河中。
Please put all your toys into the box. 请把你所有的玩具都放入这个箱子里。
　 拓展：和put有关的短语：
put up 举起；张贴　　　　　put off　推迟；推延　　　put away　把……收拾好
put down　放下；写下；记下　　put on穿上 put out　熄灭；扑灭
10. This pollutes the Eatrh and kills animals and plants.　这污染了地球，杀死了动物和植物。
kill 杀害 this这个代词除了指代物体之外还常常用于指代前文所提及的某件事情。
Why did she kill her husband?　她为什么杀死丈夫？
11. We must stop doing these things.　我们必须停止做这件事。
stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”，即停下手头正在做的事情。
如：It’s time for class.Stop talking.到上课时间了，不要说话了。
When the teacher came into the classroom, all the students stopped talking.当老师走进教室的时候，所有的学生都不说话了。
区分：stop doing sth.和stop to do sth.。前者是指停止手头正在做的事情，而后者是指停下手头的事情，去做另一件事情。
We stopped to talk when we met in the street.　当我们在街上碰见时，我们停下来说话。
We are all tired. Let’s stop to have a rest.　我们都累了，停下来休息一会儿吧。
13. It is important for us to protect the Earth for our future.对我们来说，为未来而保护地球是重要.的。 It is+ 形容词adj.+for sb. +动词不定式短语to do sth　对某人来说做某事是……
It is important for us to learn English.　对我们来说学英语很重要。
It’s very important for us to learn English well. 对我们来说学好英语很有用。
It is good for me to eat more vegetables. 多吃蔬菜对我而言是有好处的。
以上句型中，有时也可将for sb.省去，即 It is +adj.+ to do sth.做某事是……样的
三、 Grammar
名词是表示人，事物，地点或抽象概念的名称。名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词表示可以用数字进行计算的名词，不可数名词表示不能用数字进行计算的。可数名词有单复数形式，若要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念，需使用名词的单数形式。表示名词的单数时，要在名词前面加上冠词a或an.若要表示两个或两个以上的概念时，要用到名词的复数形式。
My younger sister has a job in a store.　我妹妹在商店工作。
She has two jobs.她打两份工。
（一）、可数名词与不可数名词
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
表示单个人和事物。
表示一群人或一些事物的名称。
表示物质或不具备形状和大小的个体的物质。
表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。
mother, flower, tree, bag
people, police, family
milk, rice, bread English,water, money,
news, weather, love
注:集体名词做主语时,谓语动词可以用单数,也可以用复数,如果强调整体用单数,强调个体或成员,则用复数.
The police are searching for him.
The Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
（二）、名词复数形式变化：
（1）规则变化
1）一般变化， 在名词后加-s，如：book—books; bag—bags
2) 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名面，加-es，如：bus—buses; box—boxes; watch—watches; wish—wishes; glass—glasses
3) 以辅音字母加-y结尾的单词，变y为i再加-es，如：city—cities; country—countries; study—studies; family—families
4) 以f或fe结尾的单词，有些将f或fe变为v, 再加-es; 有些只加-s : wife—wives; knife—knives; wolf—wolves; thief—thieves; shelf—shelves; myself—myselves; life—lives; half—halves; leaf—leaves; 　　　　roof—roofs; chief—chiefs; belief—beliefs; proof—proofs; handkerchief—handkerchiefs/handerchieves(手帕／头巾)
记住下面这首顺口溜，相信你就不会觉得难了。
妻子（wife）持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolr)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；　躲在架后(shelf)保己命(myself)， 半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。
按：顺口溜中的红体字是中学阶段学过的九个以—f(e)结尾的名词：wife(妻子)，knife(小刀)，wolf(狼)，thief(小偷)，shelf(架子)，self(自己)，life(生命)，half(一半)，leaf(树叶)。这九个词变复数时，都是改-f(e)为ve再加-s。由self构成的复合词，其变化与self相同(如：myself→ourselves；yourself→yourselves；himself，herselfitself→themselves)。
5) 以o结尾的名词，有些加-s ，有些加-es如：
　 hero—heroes; Negro—Negroes; potato—potatoes; tomato—tomatoes (两人两菜)
photo—photos; radio—radios; piano—pianos; studio—studios; bamboo—bamboos; zero—zeros/zeroes;
（２）不规则变化
　　　child—children; foot—feet; tooth—teeth; goose—geese; mouse—mice; man—men; 　　　　　　　　　woman—women
　　　注意：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式同上。Englishman—Englishmen; Frenchman—frenchmen; 但German—Germans(不是合成词)
（３）单复数同形 deer; sheep; fish; Chinese; Japanese
（４）有些名词只用复数形式：
　　　 clothes(衣服); pants(短裤；裤子); jeans(牛仔裤); shorts(短裤); glasses(眼镜); scissors(剪刀)　　　这类词常与a pair of ; two pairs of 这样的短语连用
（５）某些词虽以s结尾，但仍为单数；
　　　a. maths, politics, physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数；
　　　b.　news为不可数名词；
　　　c. the United States(the US); the United Nations(the UN)　应视为单数;
（三）、不可数名词只有单数形式。
物质名词通常属于不可数名词。如：
液体和气体：water; milk; air; 思想和感觉：beauty; love; hate
极小的物体：rice; salt; sand 学校科目：English; Maths; Art
四、一般现在时中，单数可数名词和不可数名词后要用动词的第三人称单数形式；可数名词复数后要用动词原形。如：
This orange comes from Germany.
This coffee comes from Germany.
These oranges come from Germany.
五、不可数名词的量词
物质名词的数量，一般用单位或容器的量表示，即“单位＋of＋物质名词”的形式。
I had a bowl of soup and two cups of tea just now.　我刚刚喝了一碗汤和两杯茶。
如 a piece of; a bottle of ; a glass of ; two cups of

There be 句型
There be 句型与have（has; had）的各种形式的区别
1、there be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） There is a vase on the table.
2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最邻近be 动词的那个名词决定,即“就近一致”。
There is a duck in the pond. There are some ducks in the pond.
There is a ball and some toys on the floor. There are some balls and a toy on the floor.
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词提到句首。在there 　　be句型的般疑问句中，如果可数名词的复数形式和不可数名词前没有别的修饰词，往往都要用any来修饰。
There isn’t s a vase on the table. Is there a vase on the table?
--Is there a post office near here? --Yes, there is .
--Are there any students in the classroom? --No, there aren’t.
Are there any teachers from America in your school?
Is there any rice in your bowl
4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
I have a lot of friends in the classroom.
There are a lot of students in the classroom.
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定句或疑问句。
There is some water in the glass. There isn’t any water in the glass.
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句。
There isn’t a pen or two books on the desk.
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？
How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？
--How many students are there in your school?
--There are about two hundred (students in our school).
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What’s + 介词短语？
There is a bird in the tree. →What’s in the tree?
There are some bikes over there. →What’s over there?
There is a little girl in the room. →Who is in the room?
　　９、There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。

四、练习
（一）、单项选择题
1. __________something wrong with my car. Can I use yours?
A. It is B. It was C. There is D. There was
2. Mr. Liu asks the students _________ in the river, because it’s too dangerous.
A. swim B. to swim C. not to swim D. not swimming
3. There's going to ____ in tomorrow's newspapers.
A. have something new    B. have new something C. be something new      D. be new something
4. ----There is no air or water on the moon. Is there?
---- ____.
A. Yes, there are    B. No, there isn't C. Yes, there isn't   D. No, there is
5. ____ is there on the table?
A. How many apples      B. How much bread C. How much breads      D. How many food
6. There ____ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk.
A. is a    B. are some    C. has a    D. have some
7. The boys have got already.
A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread
8. We can’t work out the Maths problem. Can you tell us __________?
A. how to do B. what to do it C. how to do it D. what should to do
9. It is very important for us ___________ English well!
A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned
10. – There goes the bell.
-- It is time for class. Let’s stop __________.
A. talk B. talks C. to talk D. talking
（二） 阅读理解
A
Food is very important. Everyone needs to eat well if he or she wants to have a strong body. Our minds also need a kind of food. This kind of food is knowledge.
When we are very young, we start getting knowledge. Young children like watching and listening. Color pictures especially interest them. When children are older, they enjoy reading. When something interests them, they love ask questions.
Our minds, like our bodies, always need the best food. Studying on our own brings the most knowledge.
If someone is always telling us answers, we never learn well. When we study correctly and get knowledge on our own, we learn more and understand better.
11. Why does everyone need to eat well? It can help people_______?
A. be healthy B. study well C. enjoy learning D. like color pictures
12. What kind of food do our minds need?
A. Pictures B. Books C. Rice D. Knowledge\
13. When do we start getting knowledge?
A. When we are old B. When we are young
C. When we are students D. When we are teachers
14. Why do children like watching and listening?
A. They want to eat nice food B. They are too young
C. They have many color pictures D. They need knowledge
15. You won’t learn well, if you__________?
A. study on your own B. study correctly
C. ask questions D. are always told the answers
B
Do you like climbing mountains? My friend Ted does. He has never climbed a dangerous Mountain, but he has climbed some quite big and difficult ones .He began to climb rocks When he was quite a small boy .Then his father took him with him one summer when he Climbed some hills while the family were having a holiday in Scotland. And again he was very happy.
Last summer holidays, Ted’s uncle invited him to go to Switzerland. The mountains are high there. They went to Switzerland by train and had a very good holiday .They climbed several mountains. Once Ted’s uncle tied him with a rope because the mountains were rather steep(陡峭的). At the end of the holidays he said to Ted. “you are still very young, but you already climb well” Ted was very glad.
Now Ted wants to go to India to climb some of the high mountains in the Himalayas, but he is still young, and also he hasn’t got enough money .Perhaps some day he will have enough money and then he can go to India.
16. What does Ted like?
A. Wasting time B. Travelling. C. Climbing mountains D. Playing baseball
17. Where did Ted’s uncle invite him to go?
A. India B. Scotland C. Greece . D. Switzerland
18. How did they go to Switzerland?
A. By air B. By train C. By car D. By ship
19. Where does Ted want to go?
A. China B. India C. Scotland D. Miami
20. Where did the family have a holiday?
A. Hawaii B. India C. Scotland D. Miami
（三）、根据汉语提示完成句子

21. 一些生活在陆地上。一些飞行在天空中。一些生活在水下。
Some live __________ __________ __________ .Some fly ______________________________. Some live __________ __________ __________.
22. 地球为我们提供空气、水和食物。
The Earth _________ us __________air, water and food.
23. 我们把垃圾倒入海中或地下。
We __________our rubbish __________the sea and under the ground.
24. 我们必须停止做这些事情。
We must __________ __________ these things
25. 对我们来说，为了未来，保护好地球 是很重要的。
It is important __________ us __________ __________the Earth for our future.

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