高一年级定语从句语法讲解及练习.ppt

定语从句定语从句(Attributive clause)概念概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。(在句子中作定语在句子中作定语)Tom is a smart boy.Tom is a boy who is smart.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰boy,叫定语从句叫定语从句Tom is a boy who is smart.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词关系代词先行词先行词功能功能备注备注that人或物人或物主语或宾语主语或宾语关系代词作宾语时，关系代词作宾语时，可省略可省略which物物主语或宾语主语或宾语who人人主语或宾语主语或宾语whom人人宾语宾语whose人或物人或物定语定语*The book(which/that)they sent me is very good.*The man who/that stole your car has been arrested.宾语宾语主语主语*The man(whom/that)I saw told me to come here.*Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.宾语宾语定语定语that和和which用法的区别用法的区别1.只能用只能用that不能用不能用which的情况的情况(1)先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,few,little,much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。I am sure she has something _ you can borrow.(that)Do you have anything _ you dont understand?(that)(2)先行词被先行词被all,any,each,few,every,no,some,little,much等修饰时。等修饰时。Ive read all the books _ you lend me.Please send us any information _ you have about the subject.thatthat(3)先行先行词被序数词词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the first book _ he has read.thatIt is the most beautiful city _ Ive ever seen.that(4)先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰修饰时。时。This is the very book _ belongs to him.thatHe is the only person _ was present at the time.that(5)先行词既有人又有物时。先行词既有人又有物时。She took photographs of the things and people _ she was interested in.that(6)当主句是以当主句是以which或或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the girl _ drove the car?that2.只用只用which不用不用that的情况的情况(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中跟在介词后面，指关系代词在限制性定语从句中跟在介词后面，指物用物用which，指人用，指人用whom。There are many trees _ they can have a rest.This is the ring _ she spent 1,000 dollars.under whichon which(2)在非限制性定语从句中。在非限制性定语从句中。Football,_ is a very popular game,is played all over the world.which关系代词只用关系代词只用that的情况的情况1.先行词是先行词是everything,nothing,anything，something,much,little,none等不定代词等不定代词2.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰3.先行词被先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last 等修饰等修饰 4.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时修饰时5.先行词中既有人又有物先行词中既有人又有物6.who/which 等作先行词时等作先行词时 1.在介词后面，指事物用在介词后面，指事物用which,指人用指人用whom2.非限制定语从句中非限制定语从句中关系代词只用关系代词只用which的情况的情况 that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide1.A huge crack_ _ cut across houses,roads and canals.2.The number of people _ reached more than 400,000.who were killed or seriously injured3.Everywhere _nearly everything was destroyed.(that)they looked4.Then,later that afternoon,another big quake _shook Tangshan.5.The army organized teams to dig out those _.which was almost as strong as the first onewho were trapped and to bury the dead6.Workers built shelters for survivors _.whose homes had been destroyed注意：注意：1.从句缺少主语或宾语，则用关系代词从句缺少主语或宾语，则用关系代词 2.从句缺少状语，则用关系副词从句缺少状语，则用关系副词关系副词关系副词先行词先行词功能功能when表时间的名词表时间的名词时间状语时间状语where表地点的名词表地点的名词地点状语地点状语why一般为一般为reason原因状语原因状语 关系副词的用法关系副词的用法I still remember the day when I first came to this school.Whats the name of the place where you spent your holiday last year?The reason why he was late for class was that he got up late.时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 定语从句中的介词有时可置于关系代定语从句中的介词有时可置于关系代词之前，形成词之前，形成“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构。结构。关系代词通常是关系代词通常是which和和whom；which指物，指物，whom指人。指人。1.介词介词+which在所引导的定语从句中作时间状语、在所引导的定语从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等。地点状语、原因状语等。关系副词关系副词在从句中的作用在从句中的作用when(=at/in/on/during/which)时间状语时间状语where(=in/at/which)地点状语地点状语why(=for which)原因状语原因状语*Ill never forget the days on which we studied together.*This is the town in which Shakespeare was born.*Can you explain the reason for which you were absent？2.“名名词词/代代词词/数数词词+介介词词+关关系系代代词词”结结构构常常用用来来表表示与先行词之间的从属关系，可以用示与先行词之间的从属关系，可以用whose结构代替。结构代替。Please pass me the book,the cover of which/whose cover is blue.There are fifty students in our class,most of whom are from big cities.(1)看先行词与介词的搭配。看先行词与介词的搭配。The book has opened a window through which we can see a wonderful world outside.(2)看从句谓语动词与介词的搭配。看从句谓语动词与介词的搭配。The university from which he graduated is supposed to be one of top universities in the world.关系代词前介词的选择关系代词前介词的选择(3)看从句中形容词与介词的搭配。看从句中形容词与介词的搭配。Her daughter has been admitted into Beijing University,of which she is very proud.(4)看定语从句的含义看定语从句的含义Nowhere could he find his glasses,without which he could see nothing.在在定定语语从从句句中中“介介词词+which”结结构构不不可可以以与与普普通通关关系系代代词或关系副词互换的情况。词或关系副词互换的情况。(1)介介词词+which结结构构在在定定语语从从句句中中所所作作状状语语不不表表示示时间、地点、原因时。时间、地点、原因时。*Theres only one problem about which they disagree.(2)有有些些“动动词词+介介词词”短短语语，如如look for,look after,take care of等等，如如果果介介词词提提前前将将会会失失去去动动词词短短语语的意义时，介词不能提前变成的意义时，介词不能提前变成“介词介词+which”结构。结构。*This is the very book(that)I am looking for.1.关系副词包括关系副词包括when，where，why,多数情况下相当于多数情况下相当于“介词介词+which”。2.where 不在从句中作主语或宾语，不在从句中作主语或宾语，why表原因，通常表原因，通常跟在跟在reason后引导定语从句。后引导定语从句。3.who，that不能用于介词后，在固定短语中介词不能不能用于介词后，在固定短语中介词不能提前。提前。