名词所有格讲解-练习-解析-(完全版)教学教材.doc

名词所有格讲解 练习 解析 (完全版)

百度文库

名词所有格是名词的语法范畴之一。它是名词和代词的一种变化形式，在句中表示与其它词的关系。名词有三个格：主格、宾格和所有格。在英语中有些名词可以加“’s”来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher’s book。它有两种不同的形式：
一、在名词尾加’s。
主要表示有生命的事物或自然界独一无二的某些空间和时间名词的所有格，如the world’s，the sun’s，the earth’s，today’s，yesterday’s等。
1. 单数名词词尾加“’s”，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加“’s”。
　　例the boy’s bag 男孩的书包
　　men’s room 男厕所
　　2. 若名词已有复数词尾又是s ，只加“’”。
　　例 the workers’ struggle　工人的斗争
　　3. 凡不能加“’s”的名词，都可以用“名词+of +名词”的结构来表示所有关系。
　　例 the title of the song 歌的名字
　　4. 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词。
　　例 the barber’s 理发店
　　5. 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有’s，则表示“分别有”；只有一个’s，则表示“共有”。
　　例 John’s and Mary’s room(两间)
　　John and Mary’s room(一间)
　　6. 在复合名词或短语中，’s 加在最后一个词的词尾。
　　例 a month or two’s absence
　　7． 作为一个整体的词组，一般在最后一个词的词尾加’s。
　　例 an hour and a half’s walk （步行一个半小时的路程）
　　Carol and Charles’ boat （卡咯和查尔斯两人共有的船）
　　8. 不定代词后接 else , 所有格放在 else 上。
　　例 somebody else’s bag
　　9. 下列情况可以将 ’s 所有格中的名词省略。
　　1)名词所有格所修饰的词, 如果前面已经提到，往往可以省略，以免重复。
　　例 This notebook is not mine, nor John’s, nor Peter’s. 这个笔记本不是我的，也不是约翰和比特的。
　　The dictionary isn’t mine, but Jenny’s. 这本词典不是我的，而是珍妮的。
　　2)名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时, 有的在习惯上可以省略。
　　例 Before Christmas, there were lots of customers at the Richarsons’.
　　the doctor’s（office）医生的诊所
　　my uncle’s（house）我叔叔的家
　　10． 起修饰作用的名词，如不表示所有关系，通常不用’s。
　　例 room number tooth brush
　　二、另外一种所有格是由介词of加名词构成的名词短语
　　1.名词的所有格形式除’s外，还可用of+名词构成短语修饰前面的名词或表示两个名词间的所有关系。
　　2. 使用名词所有格须注意: 一般地说， ’s 所有格多用于有生命的东西，of 所有格多用于无生命的东西，但也有许多例外。
　　1)表示天体的名词的所有格用’s。
　　例 the sun’s heat the moon’s surface
　　2)表示地区机构的名词的所有格用’s。
　　例 the city’s development
　　the government’s plan
　　3)表示度量与货币价值的所有格用’s。
　　例 ten kilometres’ distance
　　200 dollars’ worth of goods
　　4)表示“有关……”非所有关系的用 of 介词短语。
　　例 students of the school the statue of liberty
　　5)表示同位关系的用 of 介词短语。
　　例 the city of Pisa
　　6)表示部分或全部的用 of 介词短语。
　　例 the bottom of the sea the majority of people
　　7)表示抽象概念的用 of 介词短语。
　　例 the cost of living the news of success
　　8)名词本身带有后置修饰语或含有“the + 形容词”表示一类人，其所有格用 of 介词短语。
　　例 the housing problem of the poor
　　the skills of the workers who have been well trained
　　9)有些表示时间、距离等无生命和表示世界、国家、城镇等的名词，也可以在词尾加’s或“ ’ ”，变成相应的所有格。
　　例 five minutes’ walk 五分钟的路程
　　today’s newspaper 今天的报纸
　　3． 双重所有格
　　双重所有格即 “ of + 名词’s 所有格”，表示整体中的一个或部分。用于修饰of前面的名词，但此时of前面的名词一定要有一个a(an)，two，any，some，several，no，few，another或this，that，these，those之类的修饰语(这个修饰语一般不能是one和the)。双重所有格也可由“of+名词性物主代词”构成, 如：a friend of mine 我的一位朋友。
　　例 Do you know any friends of my husband’s?
　　Two classmates of my sister’s will come to join us．
　　注：在双重所有格中，用作介词补足成分的所有格的名词必须是确定特指的，而且一般指人。
　　例 an old friend of my father’s（=one of my father’s old friends）我父亲的一个老朋友
　　this lovely baby of my aunt’s 我姨妈的可爱的孩子
【巩固训练】
　　1. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.
　　A. rooms number B. Room number
　　C. Room’s number D. Room numbers
2. The newly-built library is a ______ building.
　　A. five-storey B. Five storeys
　　C. Five-storey’s D. Five storeys’
　3. --- Whose umbrella is it?
　　--- It’s _______.
　　A. somebody else’s B. Somebody else
　　C. Somebody’s else’s D. Somebody’s else
　4. I feel terribly hot, What’s the _____?
　　A. temperature of room
　　B. Room’s temperature
　　C. Room temperature
　　D. Temperature of room’s
5. _______ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.
　　A. The evens B. The Evens’
　　C. The Evenses D. The Evenses’
6.The girl talking to Mary is a friend of ________.
　　A. Mary’s sister B. Mary sister’s
　　C. Mary’s sister’s D. Sister of Mary’s

　　7. The woman over there is ______ mother.
　　A. Julia and Shelley’s
　　B. Julia’s and Shelley’s
　　C. Julia and Shelley
　　D. Julia’s and Shelley
　　8. He is very tired. He needs ______.
　　A. a night rest B. a rest night
　　C. a night’s rest D. a rest of night
　　9． ---Excuse me，where are _______ offices?
　　---Over there．
　　A． teacher’s B． teachers’
　　C． the teacher’s D． the teachers’

　　10. It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes round shape into a teardrop shape.
　　A. of the drop B. the drop’s
　　C. drop of D. drops the

　　11． Today is September 10th. It’s_____ Day. Let’s go and buy some flowers for our teachers.
　　A. Teacher B. Teachers’
　　C. the Teachers’ D. Teacher’s

　　12． We’ll have a _____ holiday. What about going to the West Lake?
　　A. two days B. two-day
　　C. two-days D. two day’s
　　13． This is my dress. That one is ____.
　　A. Mary B. Mary’s
　　C. sister D. mother

　　14. The is just around the corner and you won’t miss it.
　　A. bicycle’s shop B. bicycle shop
　　C. bicycles shop D. bicycles’ shop

　　15． The village is far away from her indeed. It’s walk.
　　A. a four hour B. a four hour’s
　　C. a four-hours D. a four hours’

Exercises
I.名词所有格练习.
1. __________________________(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.
2. This is __________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)
3. __________________________________(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice.
4. ______________________________(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.
5. Is this ___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔) ?
6. They are ___________________________Peter 和Sam的老师).
7. ___________________________(教师节) is on September 10th .
8. ___________________________________(学生们的桌椅) are very new.
9. We are very happy on ____________________________________(儿童节).
10. He is in _________________________________(老师的办公室) now.
11. Please open ______________________________________(教室的门).
12. ____________________________(赵敏的鞋) are white.
13. _________________________________(林红和张蔚的学校) is big and new.
14. ________________________________(John和Sally的母亲) are American.
15. _____________________________(刘伟的妻子的朋友) is from Guangzhou.
16. ______________________________(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken.
17. It’s _____________________________(妇女节) on March 8th.
18. Are these ________________________________________(男生们的书包) ?
19. That is _______________________________________(Tom和李雷的教室).
20. ___________________________________我父亲的和她父亲的朋友) are from Beijing.

II. 名词复数形式和数词的练习.
1. There are _________________________________(58个学生)in our class.
2. There are ________________________________(65个班级)in our school.
3. I have ____________________________(13本书) in my schoolbag.
4. Are there __________73套桌椅) in this classroom.
5. There’re ______________________________(27个男生)and _______________________________(31个女生) in my class.
6. There are __________________________________(15台电脑) in that room.
7. My grandma is _______________________________(82岁).
8. There are ________________________________(44位女老师) in her school.
9. There are __________________________(94位男医生) in that big hospital,
10. I can see __________________________________(几只鸟) in the tree.
11. ______________________________(多少幅画) are there in you bedroom ?
12. I have __3本字典).
13. Can you see ________________________________(一些风筝) in the sky ?
14. Our school has _________________________________(2个图书馆) .
15. There are ___________________________________(12个月) in a year.
16. Paul’s father is ____________________________________57岁).
17. There are ______________________________(13辆公共汽车) on the street.
18. We can see __________________________________(18个妇女) over there.
19. There are ___________________________________(22个孩子) in the room.
20. I can see ____________________________________(六杯茶) on the table.

III. 用some和any填空.
1. I have _____________good friends in my class.
2. Is there ____________water in the bottle ?
3. Do you have ____________________money ?
4. They don’t have ______________time to go there.
5. There are ________________cakes on the table.
6. I don’t have __________________milk for breakfast.
7. Does he have ______________brothers or sisters ?
8. There aren’t _____________pictures on the wall.
9. Can I ask ____________________questions ?
10. Are there ________flowers in you classroom ? No, there aren’t _________.
11. We have ____________apples, but we don’t have ____________pears.
12. Is there __________orange juice in the fridge ? Yes, there is ____________.
13. I can speak ____________English, but I can’t speak ___________Russian.
14. Do they have ____________color pencil ? No, they don’t have ___________.

15. There isn’t ____________meat at home. I must go and buy ____________.
16. Is there _____________tea in the cup ? No, there isn’t ____________.
17. I often have _________noodles for lunch. My father has ________rice for it.
18. Can you give me _____________pieces of bread ?
19. There are ____________desks here , but there aren’t _________tables here.
20. Would you like _____________hamburgers to eat ?

IV. 句型转换.
A. 把下列句子变为否定句.
1. My sister can play the piano.
2. Her parents are Chinese teachers.
3. There is some coffee in the cup.
4. There are some trees behind my house.
5. I have some red coats.
6. The boy can sing English songs.
7. These are my books.
8. Her father is a factory worker.
B. 把下列句子变为一般疑问句，并写出肯定和否定回答.
1. Tony can speak some Chinese.

2. My aunt is a secretary.

3. There is some bread in the paper bag.

4. Theses are my shoes.

5. His mother is a university teacher.

6. There are some children in the park.

7. Her parents are doctors in that hospital.

8. Mrs. Brown can cook Chinese food.

9. Those are her toys.

10. There is some coke in the bottle.

C. 对划线部分提问.
1. It’s rainy and windy today.
2. There are thirty-seven desks in my classroom.
3. The girl can ride a horse.
4. I like walking.
5. There are twenty-four hours in a day
6. Her uncle is a policeman.
7. The sweaters in the boxes are blue.
8. My grandma is about seventy years old.
9. I can see eleven boats on the lake.
10. I’m a middle school student.
D. 用所给的词将下列句子变位选择疑问句.
1.He can speak English .( Japanese).

2.My friend is a girl. ( boy )

3.She is in Class Four. ( Class Five)

4.Peter is from England. ( Australia)

5.I am a teacher . ( manager)

6. My bike is black. ( white)