中考英语语法专题突破专题十三简单句.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题十三 简单句,第二部分 语法专题突破,第1页,命题点一 句子成份,命题点二 疑问句,命题点三 倒装句,命题点四 感叹句,命题点五 祈使句,第2页,命题点一 句子成份,第3页,假如把一个英语句子立起来，那它就好比一个站立人。而组成句子单词、短语、从句等则如人身体不一样部位及衣饰。在句子成份了解过程中，能够将二者对比起来学习，这么便于了解句子成份相关知识。接下来，对句子各成份进行简单分析。,第4页,主语是谓语讲述主体，表示所说“是什么”或“是谁”。普通由名词、代词或相当于名词单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当现象。大多数主语都在句首。如：,Mr Yang,is our English teacher.,(,名词,),I,like playing basketball very much.,(,代词,),What we need,is food.,(,从句,),主语,第5页,谓语对主语加以陈说，说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语由动词或者动词短语充当。谓语普通位于主语之后，表示主语行为或状态。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语，主要考查时态、语态及主谓一致等。,谓语,第6页,谓语,简单谓语,复合谓语,由一个动词或动词短语组成,Tom likeEnglish very much(动词),she gave awayall hers books(动词短语),I must go home now.It,s,dark(情态动词+动词原形）,My son doesnt like eating icecream（助动词+动词原形）,leaves turn green in spring,（系动词+表语）,第7页,表语,表语用来说明主语身份、特征或状态，常位于系动词之后。能够用作表语词有：名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等。如：,Miss Liu is a,doctor,.(,名词,),The dog looks,smart,.(,形容词,),I must be,off,now.(,副词,),The patient is,out of danger,(,介词短语,),第8页,宾语,宾语是谓语对象或承受者,普通置于及物动词和介词之后。名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句等可作宾语。,Lucy likes,strawberries,very much.（,名词,）,I will never forget,him,.（,代词,）,I want to,buy some apples,.（,不定式,）,第9页,Eric enjoys,reading story books very much.,(,动名词,),Could you please tell me,where the rest room is？,(从句),第10页,第11页,宾语补足语,宾语补足语是对宾语补充与延续，说明宾语动作、身份或状态，补充其意义不足。常见跟宾语补足语词有：,三“使”：make,let,have,两“听”：hear,listen,一“感觉”：feel,其它：get,call,consider,cause,第12页,定语,定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用单词、短语或句子。定语普通由：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等充当。如：,The tall man wants to catch up with the train.,(形容词),The woman teacher is strict with her students.,I like music that I can dance to.,(从句),第13页,状语,状语对谓语起着修饰作用，表示动作发生时间、地点、方式等，状语也能够对谓语动词、副词或形容词起修饰作用。修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前，修饰动词时可前可后。,第14页,状语在句中功效,the man is really tall（副词really修饰形容词tall),Ann ran fast and won the first prize(,副词fast修饰动词ran),Luckily，I arrived at the railway station on time,（副词Luckily修饰整个句子),I was watching TV when the rainstorm came(从句作状语）,第15页,1.这道菜尝起来真不错。,_,2.昨天发生了一起严重事故。,_,3.她要求我闭嘴。,_,The dish tastes really good/wonderful.,A serious accident happened yesterday.,She asked me to shut up.,第16页,4.老师给我了第二次机会。,_,5.这颗钻石重达5克。,_,6.沙尘暴阻止了人们前行。,_,_,7.露西开始晨练了。,_,The teacher gave me a second chance.,This diamond weighs 5 grams.,The sandstorm prevented people from,Lucy began to do morning exercise.,moving,forward,.,第17页,8.我父亲极少去医院。,_,9.我能听见有些人在隔壁房间拉小提琴。,_,_,10.我们应该保持教室洁净整齐。,_,My father seldom goes to hospital.,I can hear someone playing the violin in,We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.,the next room.,第18页,11.我想让你尽快回来。,_,12.吉姆把他手机借给了我。,_,_,I want you to come back as soon as possible.,Jim lent me his mobile phone/Jim lent his mo-,bile phone to me.,第19页,命题点二 疑问句,普通疑问句,(年26题),第20页,概 念,形 式,例 句,惯用yes,no往返答疑问句,Be主语其它？,Is she from England?她来自英格兰吗？,Yes,she is.是，她是。,情态动词主语动词原形其它？,Must I finish the report today?我必须今天完成汇报吗？,Yes,you must.是，你必须。,助动词主语动词原形/过去分词其它？,Did she like dancing when she was young?她小时候喜欢跳舞吗？,Have you been to Tibet?你去过西藏吗？,第21页,特殊疑问句,(年30题，年19、32题),特殊疑问词,使用方法,例句,who,问询身份,Who is the girl over there？那边女孩是谁？,which,问询特定人或物,Which color is your favorite？哪种颜色是你最喜欢？,what,问询职业、身份、观点、看法等(30题，2次),Whats her job？她工作是什么？,第22页,when,问询时间,When did you go to Shanghai last month？你上个月什么时候去上海？,where,问询地点、位置,Where do you want to go this winter？这个冬天你想去哪儿？,why,问询原因,Why are you late for the meeting？开会时候你为何迟到了？,how,问询方式,How do you get to school every day？你天天怎样去学校？,注：,how词组,讲解详见本书P19,第23页,反意疑问句,(年23题),反意疑问句使用方法,1.反意疑问句遵照“,前肯后否,，,前否后肯,”标准。即陈说部分为必定时，疑问部分为否定；陈说部分为否定时，疑问部分为必定。如：,Its Fathers Day today,isnt it？今天是父亲节，不是吗？,第24页,2.当陈说部分带有seldom,hardly,rarely,never,few,little,nobody,nowhere,nothing等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分应用必定形式。如：,The car has hardly been cleaned for a few days,has it？这辆车已经很多天没洗了，对吗？,第25页,3.以Lets开头反意疑问句，反意疑问部分用shall we；以Let us开头反意疑问句，反意疑问部分用will you。如：,Lets go and play basketball,shall we？咱们去打篮球，好吗？,Let us have a rest,will you？让我们休息一下，好吗？,第26页,对反意疑问句回答,对反意疑问句回答，不论陈说部分是必定句还是否定句，若事实是必定，答语就要用yes；事实是否定，答语就要用no。注意“前否后肯”反意疑问句答语中，yes意为“不”，no意为“是”。如：,He didnt go to the meeting,did he?他没有参加这次会议，是吗？,Yes,he did.不，他参加了,。,第27页,选择疑问句,概念,形式,对问题给出两个或两个以上答案，供对方选择其一疑问句,普通疑问句or选择项？,特殊疑问句选择项or选择项？,第28页,选择疑问句不用yes或no回答，可用完整陈说句或其简略形式作答，也可用不定代词all,either,neither或none作答，只要依据实际情况回答便可。,第29页,13.这个俱乐部有多少名组员？,_,14.今天是儿童节，不是吗？,_,15.他昨天没有去聚会，是吗？,_,How many members does the club have?,Today is Childrens Day,isnt it?,He didnt go to the party yesterday,did he?,第30页,16.你比较喜欢哪种宠物，猫还是狗？,_,17.我能够和你一起去书店吗？,_,18.你认为李明在舞台上表现怎么样？,_,_,Which kind of pets do you like better,cats or dog,s.,Can I go to the bookstore with you?,What do you think of Li Mings performance on,the stage?,第31页,命题点三,倒装句,so引导倒装句,(年26题),部分倒装：,so,主语助动词,/,系动词,/,情态动词,，意为“,确实如此，确实如此,”。该句式表示是对前面所说事实加以必定，上下文中主语是相同人或物。如：,第32页,Lucy dances very well.露西舞跳得很好。,So she does.确实如此。,完全倒装：,so助动词/系动词/情态动词主语,，意为“,也一样,”，上下文中主语是不一样两个人或物，但发生一样行为或情况，是表示必定倒装。如：,Li Hua failed in this English exam,so did I李华这次英语考试不及格，我也没及格。,第33页,neither/nor引导倒装句,neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语，意为“,也不,”，上下文中是不一样两个人或物，所做行为或所处情况一样，是表示否定倒装。如：,He wasnt late for school,neither/nor was I.他上学没迟到，我也没有。,第34页,19.Im not going swimming tomorrow afternoon.,_(我也不).I have to clean,up my bedroom.,20.Oh,my god!Recently I have put on 5 pounds.,_(我也是).I think I should lose weight.,Neither/Nor am I,So have I,第35页,21.My mother cant swim.,_,_,_(莉莉妈妈,也不会),22.Sally usually has milk and bread for breakfast.,_(她确实如此),Neither/Nor can Lilys mother,So she does,第36页,命题点四 感叹句,形式,结构,例句,What引导,What a/an形容词可数名词单数形式(主语谓语)！,What a beautiful present(it is)！(它是)多么漂亮一件礼品啊！,What形容词可数名词复数形式(主语谓语)！,What interesting books(they are)！(它们是)多么有趣书啊！,What形容词不可数名词(主语谓语)！(21题),What nice music(it is)！(它是)多美妙音乐啊！,第37页,How引导,How形容词/副词(主语谓语)！,How fine the weather is！天气真好啊！How well he plays the violin！他小提琴拉得多好啊！,How形容词a/an可数名词单数(主语谓语)！,How careful a girl(she is)！(她是)多么细心一个女孩啊！,How主语谓语！,How time flies！时间过得真快呀！,第38页,23.多么令人激动演出啊！,_,_,24.多么勇敢男孩啊！,_,25.自由想象对孩子们来说是多么主要啊！,_,_,What an exciting performance！/How exciting,How brave a boy he is!/What a brave boy he is!,How important it is for kids to imagine freely!,the performance is!,第39页,26.多么漂亮铅笔盒呀！,_,_,27.孩子们在公园里玩得多开心啊！,_,_,What a beautiful pencil case it is!/How,How happily the children are playing in the,park!,beautiful the pencil case is!,第40页,命题点五 祈使句,祈使句句式,必定形式,否定形式,Do型：(Please)动词原形其它,(Please)sit down！,(Please)dont stand up！,Be型：be表语,Be quiet！,Dont be late for class！,Let型：let宾语动词原形其它,Lets have another try.,Dont let the boy draw here.Let the boy not draw here.,No型：No名词/动名词,NO PARKING！,第41页,“祈使句and/or结果状语”结构。如：,Work harder,and youll get good grades.再努力一些，你就会取得好成绩。,Hurry up,or youll be late for class.快点儿,不然你上课将会迟到。,注,意,第42页,28.当你过马路时，不要玩手机。,_,_,29.请不要忘了在周五之前偿还我书。我将在,周六使用它。,_,_,Dont play with mobile phone while you are crossing the road.,Please dont forget to return my book by Friday.,Ill use it on Saturday.,第43页,30.让我告诉你在我们学校一些规则。,_,31.这里禁止拍照。,_,Let me tell you some rules in our school.,No photos here.,第44页,