高考英语复习-600分策略-专题1-阅读理解-考点4-词义猜测题.pptx

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,返回导航,第一编专题一阅读理解,大二轮复习,英语,第一编,专题一阅读了解,考点,4,词义猜测题,1/42,1,真题体验,2,技法例析,3,即时巩固,4,素能强化,2/42,真 题 体 验,3/42,4/42,When combined with berries or slices of other fruits,，,frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick,，,cooling fruit shakes and low fat,“,ice cream,”,.For this purpose,，,select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter.Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.If you like,，,a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.Frozen bananas will last several weeks,，,depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.,5/42,If you have,a juicer,，,you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.Out comes a,“,soft,serve,”,creamy dessert,，,to be eaten right away.This makes a fun activity for a childrens party,；,they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.,文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了七月给我们带来各种浆果和核果，并告诉我们它们富含营养和能够制成美食。,6/42,What does the author seem to like about cherries,？,_,A,They contain protein.B,They are high in vitamin A,C,They have a pleasant taste.D,They are rich in antioxidants.,解析：,细节了解题。由第二段中,“,As for cherries,，,they are so delicious who cares,？,至于樱桃，它们味道甜美，,(,至于其它方面,),谁会在意呢？,”,可知，,C,项陈说与之吻合。,C,7/42,Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas,？,_,A,To make them smell better.B,To keep their colour.,C,To speed up their ripening.D,To improve their nutrition.,解析：,细节了解题。依据题干中,fresh lemon juice,能够定位到第三段最终部分。由,“,If you like,，,a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.,”,可知，往香蕉上挤一些新鲜柠檬汁能保护香蕉在冷冻时候不变色，故选,B,项。,B,8/42,What is,“,a juicer,”,in the last paragraph,？,_,A,A dessert.B,A drink.,C,A container.D,A machine.,解析：,词义猜测题。最终一段中画线词处语境提到,“,喂食,”,(feed in),，,“,吐出out comes),，,“,放进机器顶部,”,(into the top of the machine),，从这些信息词判断画线词指是一个机器，所以选,D,。,D,9/42,From which is the text probably taken,？,_,A,A biology textbook.B,A health magazine.,C,A research paper.,D,A travel brochure.,解析：,推理判断题。本题考查文章出处。从全文内容看，第一段提到丰收七月带来果实，说这些水果好比储存营养小,“,动力室,”,；第二段提到山莓等各种水果含有维生素等营养成份；第三、四段提到利用这些水果制作各种美食。所以本文应该摘选自健康类杂志。故选,B,项。,B,10/42,11/42,Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(,收银台,).The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California,，,including Los Angeles.Eyeing these,headwinds,，,plastic,bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.,Among the bag makers arguments,：,many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags,，,which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at,，,they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.,12/42,The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement,：,reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is,，,the longer its life and the more plastic,bag use it cancels out.However,，,longer,lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.,Environmentalists dont dispute(,质疑,)these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.,13/42,文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主题是,“,人与自然,”,，人与自然怎样友好相处？一个小小塑料购物袋使用就表达了人与自然相处之道。塑料购物袋产生,“,白色垃圾,”,，在美国加利福尼亚州约有,90,个城市禁止使用塑料购物袋；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策,用能够重复利用购物袋，即使这种购物袋制作和运输成本高；环境保护教授认为塑料袋和纸袋都不要用。,14/42,What has Steven Stein been hired to do,？,_,A,Help increase grocery sales.B,Recycle the waste material.,C,Stop things falling off trucks.D,Argue for the use of plastic bags.,解析：,细节了解题。依据文章第二段最终一句,“,.are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.,”,可知，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像,Stein,这么科学家来说明他们产品并不像大多数人认为那样对地球有那么大坏处，所以,D,项,“,据理支持使用塑料袋,”,正确。,D,15/42,What does the word,“,headwinds,”,in paragraph 2 refer to,？,_,A,Bans on plastic bags.B,Effects of city development.,C,Headaches caused by garbage.D,Plastic bags hung in trees.,解析：,词义猜测题。画线单词所在句意为,“,看到这种,逆风,，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像,Stein,这么科学家来说明他们产品不像大多数人认为那样对地球有那么大坏处,”,。联络上一句,“,The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in.,”,可知，,A,项,“,禁止使用塑料袋,”,为正确选项。,A,16/42,What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic,bag makers,？,_,A,They are quite expensive.,B,Replacing them can be difficult.,C,They are less strong than plastic bags.,D,Producing them requires more energy.,解析：,细节了解题。依据题干信息,“,可重复使用购物袋缺点,”,可定位到文章第四段倒数第二句,“,.longer,lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.,”,，这种长久可重复使用购物袋制作需要更多能源，故选,D,项。,D,17/42,What is the best title for the text,？,_,A,Plastic,，,Paper or Neither,B,Industry,，,Pollution and Environment,C,Recycle or Throw Away,D,Garbage Collection and Waste Control,解析：,主旨大意题。本文主要叙述了三方面内容：塑料购物袋产生,“,白色垃圾,”,；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策,用可重复使用购物袋；环境保护教授希望塑料袋和纸袋都不用。故,A,项,“,塑料袋、纸袋或者二者都不用,”,可作为文章最正确标题。,A,18/42,词句猜测题主要考查依据阅读材料提供信息，结合所应有常识和经验，正确判断生词、词组合义和熟词在特定语境中表示详细含义以及某一句子意思。做题时需要注意：,名 师 点 津,19/42,1,明晰三类常见设问方式：,(1),词意义：,The underlined word,/phrase.probably means/,can be replaced by _.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined world/phrase.,？,(2),指代类：,What does the underlined word,“,this,/that/,it,/they.,”,refer to,？,The underlined part,“,this/,that,/it/,they.,”,refers to _.,(3),句意类：,The underlined sentence in the.paragraph probably means _.What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph.,？,20/42,2,判断三种正确选项特征：,(1),合义和其字面意思没有任何关系。,(2),上下文逻辑通顺。,(3),与原句意思最靠近。,3,识别三类干扰选项特点：,(1),与所考词汇形似。,(2),假如考是熟词，含有常规词义往往是错误选项。,(3),句子解释中含有过多原句中已经有词和短语选项普通是错误选项。,21/42,技 法 例 析,22/42,1,语境分析猜词义,文章中任何单词和句子在内容上都不是孤立，都与其所在句子、段落及整篇文章相关。所以，应该利用上下文提供情景和线索，进行符合逻辑分析，并依此来猜测词义或者句意。,(1),同义或定义解释法。上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用,or,，,that is(to say),，,in other words,，,namely,等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语,(,从句,),、定语从句等进行解释。,23/42,(2),因果推断法。对生词词义猜测需要结合上下文因果关系进行。,(3),前后对比法。上下文中往往对生词提供一定对比背景，而且通常以反义或对照方式出现，以此可推测生词意思。,(4),语境了解法。生词词义推测大多依据语境进行，做题时要依据上下文语境信息进行分析、推理，从而猜测出生词意义。,(5),基本构词法。依据前缀、后缀，合成及词性转换猜测词义。,24/42,(,全国,，,C,片段,),I am Peter Hodes,，,a volunteer stem cell,courier,.Since March,，,Ive done 89 trips,of those,，,51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(,干细胞,)in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.In all,，,from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(,捐献者,)to the time they can be implanted in the patient,，,weve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.,Which of the following can replace the underlined word,“,courier,”,in Paragraph 1,？,A,providerB,delivery man,C,collectorD,medical doctor,典例,1,25/42,解题思绪,第一步确定题干中关键信息,_,第二步定位到原文信息句，并标出关键词,_,第三步比对选项得出答案,_,the underlined word,“,courier,”,in Paragraph 1,Ive done 89,trips,I have 42 hours so,carry,stem cells in my little box.,B,26/42,(,全国,，,D,片段,),A build,it,yourself solar still(,蒸馏器,)is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.Developed by two doctors in the U,S.Department of Agriculture,，,its an excellent water collector.Unfortunately,，,you must carry the necessary equipment with you,，,since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes.The only components required,，,though,，,are a 5 5 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic,，,six feet of plastic tube,，,and a container,perhaps just a drinking cup,to catch the water.These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.,典例,2,27/42,To construct a working still,，,use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase,the water catcher,s productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up,and out,the side of the hole.,What does the underlined phrase,“,the water catcher,”,in paragraph 2 refer to,？,A,The tube.B,The still.,C,The hole.D,The cup.,28/42,解题思绪,第一步确定题干中关键信息,_,第二步定位到原文信息词,_,第三步对比选项得出答案,_,the underlined phrase,“,the water catcher,”,in paragraph 2,To construct a working still,B,29/42,(,全国,，,C,片段,),There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette,，,but youll need a warm,，,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it,，,so its,a pipe dream,for most apple lovers who fall for it.,What does the underlined phrase,“,a pipe dream,”,in Paragraph 3 mean,？,A,A practical idea.B,A vain hope.,C,A brilliant plan.,D,A selfish desire.,典例,3,30/42,解题思绪,第一步确定题干中关键信息,_,第二步定位到原文信息词,_,第三步对比选项得出答案,_,the underlined phrase,a pipe dream,”,in Paragraph 3,One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette,，,but youll need a warm,，,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it,，,so.,B,31/42,(,全国,，,C,片段,),Soon afterwards,，,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,，,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,，,trade,，,industrialisation,，,the development of the nation,state and the spread of universal compulsory education,，,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,，,all have caused many languages to disappear,，,and,dominant,languages such as English,，,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.,典例,4,32/42,Which of the following best explains,“,dominant,”,underlined in paragraph 2,？,A,Complex.B,Advanced.,C,Powerful.D,Modern.,33/42,解题思绪,第一步确定题干中关键信息,_,第二步定位到原文信息词,_,第三步比对选项得出答案,_,best explains,“,dominant,”,under lined in Paragraph 2,In recent centuries.all have caused many languages to disappear,，,and dominant languages,such as English,，,Spanish and Chinese,are increasingly,taking over,.,C,34/42,2,就近标准判指代,代词指代判断三法,这类题目要求考生依据语境判断代词,(this,，,that,，,it,，,they,，,them,，,one,，,which,等,),或助动词,(do,，,does,，,did,等,),终究指代什么。详细方法：,(1),返回原文，找出指代词,(it,，,they,，,them,，,this.),。,(2),向上,(,有时向下,),搜索，找最近名词、代词、短语或句子,(,就近标准,),。,(3),将找到词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最正确答案。,35/42,(,全国,，,C,片段,),Despite the celebrations,，,though,，,in the U,S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,，,and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.,Its Jason Morans job to help change,that,.As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz,，,Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz,，,make the music more accessible,，,and preserve its history and culture.,What does the underlined word,“,that,”,in paragraph 3 refer to,？,A,Jazz becoming more accessible.,B,The production of jazz growing faster.,C,Jazz being less popular with the young.,D,The jazz audience becoming larger.,典 例,36/42,解题思绪,第一步确定题干中关键信息,_,第二步定位到原句，并找出该词所代替词语,_,第三步综合判断得出答案,_,the underlined word,“,that,”,in paragraph 3,the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,，,and the music has failed to connect with younger generations,C,37/42,3,意义吻合定句意,句意猜测两注意,句意猜测题要求考生经过阅读文章。用适当语句对其进行解释性描述。,(1),返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系准确分析。对于需要推理句意了解，首先要了解句子前后语境，其次对此句在文章中意思进行合理推断，最终再归纳总结。,(2),普通来说，正确选项意思与原句意思完全相同，只是用其它英语词汇和句式来表示相同意思。,38/42,(,全国,，D,片段,),Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.Its a plants way of crying out.But is anyone listening,？,Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbors react.,Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive,，,the tables are turned,.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.,典 例,39/42,What does the author mean by,“,the tables are turned,”,in paragraph 3,？,A,The attackers get attacked.,B,The insects gather under the table.,C,The plants get ready to fight back.,D,The perfumes attract natural enemies.,40/42,解题思绪,第一步确定题干中关键信息,_,第二步定位到原句，并找出与该句相关信息句,_,第三步综合判断得出答案,_,mean by,“,the tables are turned,”,in paragraph 3,The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.,A,41/42,42/42,