新概念英语三Lesson42-Modern-Cavement.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/10/3,#,Lesson 42 Modern cavemen当代洞穴人,第1页,Learning objectives,掌握一些单词详细使用方法；,学习课文；,进行一些口语训练,。,第2页,New words and expression,caveman,n.洞穴人，粗暴男人,=cave dweller洞穴人,pot-holing n.洞穴探险 也作potholing,=caving,pothole 坑洞，锅穴,pot-holer 洞穴探险者,solitude n.孤独，独居，荒僻之地，幽静地方,He passed twenty-four years in,solitude,.,loneliness n.孤独，寂寞,This famous explorer finally died in,loneliness.,这位著名探险家最终在孤寂中死去。,第3页,Loneliness in a gloomy raining day may be unbearable to him.,对他来说，阴郁雨天寂寞是难以忍受。,lonely adj.寂寞，荒凉,A lonely star shone out against the black sky.,一颗孤星在黑色夜空中闪闪发亮。,aloneness nn.孤独感，单独,When a person cannot kill,aloneness,or find no one to communicate,no one to understand his life,the people will get angry.,当一个人不能打发孤独,找不到能够交流人,没有些人能了解他,便会积怨于心。,New words and expression,第4页,alone,adj.单独，独自一人，孤独,adv.独自地，仅仅,Do you ever take the subway,alone,late at night?,你有没有在深夜单独乘过地铁？,You cant live on bread alone.,你不能仅靠面包维生。,isolation n.隔离，孤立,The old man lives in isolation in the forest.,老人独自一人在森林中居住。,The patient was taken to the isolation ward.,这病人被移往隔离病房。,New words and expression,第5页,isolate vt.使孤立，隔离,We should never isolate ourselves from the mass,我们永远不能脱离群众。,separation n.分离，分居，缺口，分隔线,The long separation was a test of their love.,长久分离对他们爱情是个考验.,separate,adj.分开，不一样，单独，各自,We dont have a separate dining roomthe living area is all one.,我们没有单独饭厅活动空间都在一处。,v.分开，隔开，区分，分居，脱离,Even numerous mountains and rivers cannot separate our friendship.,纵然是万水千山也隔不停我们情谊。,New words and expression,第6页,privacy n.隐居，隐私，秘密，私生活,They dont want their privacy invaded by reporters.,他们不想让他们私生活被记者爆料。,private adj.私人，个人，私下，私有，缄默,The president is paying a private visit to Europe.,总统正在欧洲进行私人访问。,We each have our private views about it.,我们每个人对这件事都有自己看法。,lure vt.诱惑，吸引,lure into诱骗.进入(某处).,We can lure the owner into leaving the house unlocked so that we can steal the jewels.,我们能够骗得主人不锁门离开家，这么我们就能够偷那些珠宝了。,New words and expression,第7页,lure away 劝说离开,He tried in vain to lure her away from husband and home.,他企图诱使她离开丈夫和家庭，结果是枉费神机。,bring someone to the lure 引某人上钩,Since John is a womanizer,it is not difficult to,bring,him,to,the lure,.,约翰既然是个好色之徒，引他上钩并不难。,entice v.诱使，引诱,Advertisements are designed to entice people into spending money/to spend money.,广告宣传目标是诱使人花钱。,enticement n.,The,enticement,of the big city,lure,her away,from her home.,大城市种种诱惑吸引了她离家出走。,New words and expression,第8页,tempt vt.诱惑，怂恿，引诱，吸引 temptation,He was tempted into a life of crime by greed and laziness.,他受贪婪和懒惰驱使步入了罪恶一生。,attract v.吸引，引来 attraction,She gave a quiet cough to attract my attention.,她轻轻地咳了一声好引发我注意。,bait n.饵，引诱,The bait hides the hook.,谚饵中必有诈。,fascinate vt.使.入迷，吸引住,Anything to do with old myths and legends fascinates me.,任何与上古神话传说相关东西都会使我着迷。,New words and expression,第9页,attract,charm,enchant,fascinate,tempt,attract:普通用词，指客观上吸引人注意力。,charm:侧重迷住某人或使之高兴。,enchant:着重指有能力引发被迷住者欢乐或赞美。,fascinate:通常含使人无法拒绝、无法摆脱意味。,tempt:指吸引力很强，强调欲望被唤醒。,rambler n.漫步者，散步者,ramble v.漫步,漫谈 n.C,We went for a ramble through the woods.,我们散步穿过树林。,undertaking n.任务，工作，事业，企业,He is too timid to venture upon a new undertaking.,他太胆小，不敢从事新事业。,New words and expression,第10页,意思类似于task，job，enterprise,undertake v.负担，从事，确保，答应,We could undertake the work for the time being.,我们可暂时负担这项工作。,foresight n.预见，深谋远虑 The couple had the foresight to plan their retirement wisely.,他们夫妇很有远见，精心安排了退休后生活。,foresighted adj.有先见之明，能预料，深谋远虑,prevision n.先见，预感,farsightedness n.远视眼，远见,prescience n.预知，先见,Still he had a strange prescience,an intimation of something yet to come.,不过他有一个奇特预感，感到了某件事情就要发生！,New words and expression,第11页,foretell v.预言，预告，预示,We cant foretell how the world will end.,我们不能预言世界将怎样终止。,forecast v&n.预测，预报,The weather,forecast,says it will be sunny tomorrow.,天气预报说明天是晴天。,foresee,He,foresaw,that his journey would be delayed by bad weather.,他预知自己旅程会被恶劣天气耽搁。,predict v.预言，预报，预知，预测,It is virtually impossible to predict the future accurately.,准确预言未来事实际上是办不到。,anticipate vt.预期，提前使用，抢.前,期待 vi.预言,We anticipate hearing from you again.,我们期待再接到你们来信。,New words and expression,第12页,Grenoble n.格勒诺布尔(法国东南部城市),chasm n.n.分歧，深坑，裂口,Suddenly a huge chasm opened in the earth.,大地突然裂开，形成一道深坑。,There is always a vast chasm between rich and poor.,贫富鸿沟一直存在。,gap n.缺口，裂缝，差距，空白,The road goes through a gap in the hills.,这条路穿过两条山脉之间峡谷。,abyss n.深渊，无底洞,He has been in the abyss of despair.,他已陷入绝望深渊。,New words and expression,第13页,gorge n.峡谷，咽喉，大量食物，饱食，妨碍物，厌恶,Have you been to the Yangtse Gorges?,你去过长江三峡吗？,flaw n.小裂缝,瑕疵，缺点，破绽，,The flaw in this vase makes it less valuable.,这个花瓶因为有点缺点，不那么值钱了distinguished adj.出色，卓越，尊敬,Distinguished guests and friends from the media:Good morning!,尊敬各位宾客，新闻界朋友们:早晨好!,distinguish vt.区分，识别，使显著,We should,distinguish between,right and wrong.,我们应区分是非。,New words and expression,第14页,distinguish oneself v.使出色,使扬名,He,distinguished himself,by his courage.,他因英勇而扬名。Everest n.珠穆朗玛峰,Everest,is the highest mountain in the world.,wade,v.,跋涉,，,涉水,Theres no bridge;well have to wade across(the stream).,没有桥，我们得渡过(小河)去。,wade into,vt.涉入,精神饱满地开始,猛烈攻击，狼吞虎咽地吃,He always waded into me whatever I said.,不论我说什么，他总是猛烈地抨击我。,New words and expression,第15页,wade in,vt.涉入,参加,The job has to be done,so lets wade in immediately.,这件工作非做不可，咱们说干就干吧。,wade through,艰难地经过,费劲地作完,It took me at least three months to wade through The Decline of the West.,我起玛花了三个月时间才读完西方文明衰落。,waterfall n.瀑布,gear n.工具，装备,We need to sort out our camping gear before we go away.,我们需要在离开前把我们野营用装备准备好。,New words and expression,第16页,inflatable adj.可充气,That is an inflatable rubber boat.,那是条可充气橡皮船。,inflate vt.使膨胀，使得意，使通货膨胀,He is inflated with pride.,他趾高气扬。,inflation通货膨胀,rubble n.瓦砾，碎石,Rubble covered the pavement.,人行道上铺了碎石块。,insistent adj.坚持，迫切,He was insistent on walking home.,他坚持走回家。,New words and expression,第17页,persistent坚持，连续，固执,She eventually married the most persistent one of her admirers.她终于嫁给了最执着追求她人。,boom v.轰响，促进 n.繁荣,Foreign investments boomed the city.,国外投资使这个城市快速繁荣起来。,waterspout n.强大水柱，海龙卷，排水口,spout n.喷口，水管，水柱,cleft n.裂缝，开裂&adj.裂开，分离,The climber fell down a cleft in the rocks.,爬山者跌入岩石裂缝里。,New words and expression,第18页,cleave v.裂开，分开（尤指沿天然纹理），使分开,They cleaved a path through the wilderness.,他们在荒原中开辟出一条路。,cavern n.大洞穴,They explored the large cavern at the base of this cliff.,他们勘探了这个悬崖底部大洞穴。,stalagmite n.石笋,stalactite n.钟乳石,limestone n.石灰石,We may burn limestone to obtain lime.,我们能够经过烧石灰石来得到石灰。New words and expression,第19页,glisten v.闪烁,潮湿物体上所反射光泽，或是柔弱光芒,The street glistened in the rain.,街道在雨水中闪光。,eerie=eery adj.怪诞，可怕，奇异，害怕,Its eerie to walk through a dark wood at night.,夜晚在漆黑森林中行走很是恐怖。,weird adj.离奇,古怪,strange adj.奇怪,陌生,scary adj.可怕,轻易受惊,New words and expression,第20页,dome n.圆屋顶，苍穹,They formed the dome with the trees branches.,他们用树枝搭成圆屋顶。,She looked at the blue dome of the sky.,她看著蓝色苍穹。,precise adj.准确，恰好，准确，严格,descent n.下降,precaution n.预防，预防办法,immense adj.巨大，广大,tunnel v.挖地道，挖隧道,course n.路线,plateau n.高原,spot v.认出,New words and expression,第21页,steep adj.险峻，陡峭,corridor n.走廊,plunge v.使投入跳入，栽进,dinghy n.小船，救生艇,current n.水流,pile n.堆，大量,arc n.弧，弧形物,instinct n.直觉，本能，天性,arouse v.叫醒，唤醒，激起,shallow adj.浅，薄,第22页,课文解析,Cave exploration,as it has come to be known,is,as known 是由隶属连词引导方式状语从句，课文中作插入语，表示“正如人们已经开始知道那样”。,代词it指cave exploration 或 pot-holing.,as除可用来引导时间，原因，让步等状语从句外，还可用来引导方式状语从句，表示“正如”之意，如，Wed better leave the things as they are.我们最好让这些东西保持其原来样子。,Perhaps it is the desires for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery that lures people,本句中it is that结构为强调句式，由其正常结构The desire for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery lures people改变而来。被强调部分是正常结构中主语，即the desire for or the chance of,lures 为句子中谓语动词。这种结构经常被译作“正是”,第23页,For him,caves have the same peculiar fascination which high mountains have for the climber.,for him 对他来说。这里him泛指洞穴探险者。,the same 不但能够与as,that搭配使用，而且还能够同who,which(较少用),where等搭配使用，均表示“与一样”之意，如，,Hes the same man who/that was here yesterday.I was born in the same room where my brother was born.,不过，假如后面为省略句，即一个名词或代词（作从句主语）时，通常使用as,如，,I read the same book as you.,Her hairs the same color as her mothers.,课文解析,第24页,It can take as long as eight days to rig up rope ladders and to establish supply bases before a descent can be made into a very deep cave.,as long as eight days 长达8天时间。这里用asas结构强调所用天数之多。it在句子中为先行词it使用方法，其后两个动词不定式短语to rig up 和to establish 为逻辑主语。,rig up 暂时/草草搭起，架起，如，,Some of the soldiers had rigged up tents for the night.,其中一些士兵已经搭起了过夜帐篷。,make a descent into 下降进入,如,They made a descent into the mine.,他们下了矿井。,该句从句中用是被动语态结构，即将该短语结构中宾语a descent 提前作了主语。,课文解析,第25页,As it is only six feet across,as为隶属连词，引导一个原因状语从句，即“因为它（指洞口）仅6英尺宽”,the cave might never have been discovered had not the entrance been spotted,“might+完成时态”结构用来表示过去可能发生而没有发生事情，如,You were stupid to try climbing up there.You might have killed yourself.,使用这一结构时，往往含有批评或责备意味。这个结构同后面had not组成虚拟语气结构。had not 为非真实性条件状语从句，省略了if。正常结构为：if the entrance had not been spotted by 非真实性条件从句中if省略多用于较正式文体之中，而且该从句中主语后通常为were或had,或情态助动词should。省略if非真实性条件状语从句。需使用倒装结构形式，如：,课文解析,第26页,Had I realized what you intended I should not have wasted my time trying to explain matters to you.,假如我原来了解你意图，我就不会浪费时间向你作解释了。,Should you change your mind,let us know.,你假如改变主意就告诉我们。,it has become a sort of pot-holers Everest.,句子指Gouffer Berger洞，把它比作Everest是暗喻手法。,课文解析,第27页,much of it still remains to be explored.,remains to be explored 有待于深入勘探。句子中it指Gouffer Berger洞，much of it意即“这个洞中许多东西”。,They had to edge their way along this,sometimes wading,or swimming,edge their way 侧身缓缓向前移动。sometimes wading across 与or swimming across为两个现在分词短语，在句子中作方式状语，修饰edge。,课文解析,第28页,They plunged into the lake,and after loading,let the,plunged 和let在句子中并列作谓语。and after loading在句子中作插入语，说明动作let发生时间。,To protect themselves from the icy water,they had to,protect from 保护 以免,文中To protect themselves from the icy water 为动词不定式，作目标状语。将目标状语动词不定式置于句首较其置于句后更为正式，语气较重。,At the far end of the lake,在湖顶那头/尽头。介词短语，在句子中作地点状语。依据其后所随内容不一样，短语介词at the end of 可表示“在底（时间状语）”，“在结尾（尽头，为地点状语）”和“达 程度（程度状语）”，如，,课文解析,第29页,They went to Beijing at the end of last year.,Youll find an index at the end of this book.,She was at the end of her patience.,an insistent booming sound which they found was caused by a small waterspout shooting down,which was caused by of the cave 为定语从句，修饰sound。They found 为插入语，对其前面成份作深入追加说明。除find外，常见用于这类插入语动词还有think,hope,guess,believe,suppose,wonder,see,know等，如，,This,I suppose,will give you some idea of our stand on the issue.,这个，我想，能够帮助你们对我们在此问题上立场有所了解。,课文解析,第30页,The book he lent you,I think,was both interesting and instructive.,他借给你那本书我以为现有趣又有教育意义。,Squeezing through a cleft in the rocks,the size of a huge concert hall.,Squeezing the rocks,现在分词短语，在句子中作时间状语，说明动作arrived at 发生时间。the size of a huge concert hall,同位语，对cavern做深入补充说明。,课文解析,第31页,After switching on powerful are lights,they saw great stalagmites-some of them over forty feet high-rising up like tree-trunks to meet the stalactites suspended from the roof.,switch on 打开,拧开,some of feet high 前后用破折号隔开，为插入语，对stalagmites作深入说明。,rising up like roof为现在分词短语，在句子中作宾语stalagmites补足语。to meetthe roof 动词不定式短语，在句子中作结果状语。,suspended the roof,过去分词短语，作定语，修饰stalagmites。,like tree-trunks像树干似地。介词短语作状语，修饰rising up.这里使用了比喻词like,为明喻手法。,课文解析,第32页,Round about,piles of glistened in all the colours of the rainbow.,round about 周围，四面。作地点状语，修饰glisten.,in all the colours of the rainbow,直译为“以彩虹中各种颜色”，意即“像彩虹一样”。,In the eerie silence of the cavern,in the cavern为状语，提至句首使用，主要是为了使句子结构更为紧凑和对该状语部分进行强调。,比较：,The only sound that could be heard in the eerie silence of the cavern was made by water which dripped continuously from the high dome above them.,课文解析,第33页,课后练习部分,Multiple choice questions 多项选择,1.d,2.a,3.b,4.c,5.c,6.b,第34页,课后练习部分,7.d,8.b,9.c,10.a,11.d,12.b,第35页,Homework:,Recite the last part of the article.,Composition writing.,Dictation of new words and phrases.,第36页,Thank you!,第37页,