高考英语总复习语法专题九构词法与比较等级.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题九构词法与比较等级,1/45,-,2,-,基础考法,能力考法,考点一,派生词,1,.,名词后缀,(1),动词变名词常见后缀,2/45,-,3,-,基础考法,能力考法,3/45,-,4,-,基础考法,能力考法,4/45,-,5,-,基础考法,能力考法,【经典例题,1,】,(,全国,卷,)This development was only possible with the,(introduce)of electric-powered engines and lifts.,解析:,introduction,考查名词。依据前面,with,the,和后面介词,of,可知,此处要用名词形式。,introduction“,引进,;,采取,”,。,考法总结,从空前冠词以及空后介词看,此处需要填名词。,5/45,-,6,-,基础考法,能力考法,(2),形容词变名词常见后缀,6/45,-,7,-,基础考法,能力考法,7/45,-,8,-,基础考法,能力考法,【经典例题,2,】,(,全国,卷,)It had already been placed in a carrier for,(safe).,解析:,从空前,for,可知,此处形容词需要变成名词。故填,safety,。,考法总结,介词后形容词,需要变成名词,形成介宾结构。,8/45,-,9,-,基础考法,能力考法,2,.,形容词、副词后缀,(1),动词、名词变形容词常见后缀,9/45,-,10,-,基础考法,能力考法,10/45,-,11,-,基础考法,能力考法,11/45,-,12,-,基础考法,能力考法,12/45,-,13,-,基础考法,能力考法,【经典例题,3,】,(,全国,卷,)However,be,(care)not to go to extremes.,解析:,考查形容词。此处做系动词,be,表语,且组成,be,careful,not,to,do,sth,结构,表示,“,小心不要做某事,”,。故填,careful,。,13/45,-,14,-,基础考法,能力考法,(2),形容词变副词常见后缀,【经典例题,4,】,(,全国,卷,)It is,(certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.,解析:,考查副词。这里表示,“,那无疑是非常有趣,”,。,certainly“,无疑,确定地,”(,用以表示说话者相信所言属实,),。故填,certainly,。,考法总结,副词可修饰形容词、副词、动词以及整个句子。,14/45,-,15,-,基础考法,能力考法,3,.,形容词、名词变动词前缀和后缀,15/45,-,16,-,基础考法,能力考法,【经典例题,5,】,(,全国,卷)These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also,(courage)our chick to start calling as well.,解析:,从空前,might,可知,此空需要用动词原形。故填,encourage,。,考法总结,情态动词后面跟动词原形。,16/45,-,17,-,基础考法,能力考法,4,.,表示否定或相反意义前缀和后缀,17/45,-,18,-,基础考法,能力考法,【经典例题,6,】,(,全国,卷,)What is,(avoid)in the author,s rescue work according to paragraph 1?,解析:,依据句意,这句问是,“,什么是不可防止,”,所以用形容词,同时表示否定。故填,unavoidable,。,考法总结,系动词后面要用形容词,同时依据句意,这里表示否定。,18/45,-,19,-,基础考法,能力考法,考点二,转化法,不改变词形,把一个词由一个词类转化为另一个词类方法叫转化法。,19/45,-,20,-,基础考法,能力考法,【经典例题,7,】,(,全国,卷,)I gave the owner as much information as possible and,(head)home to see what news the night might bring.,解析:,我们较熟悉是,head,做名词,不过从空后,home,看,这里,head,是动词,意思是,“,朝着走,”,。故填,headed,。,考法总结,依据语境可知,home,是副词,前面要用动词。,20/45,-,21,-,基础考法,能力考法,比较等级,考法,考查形容词、副词比较等级,形容词和副词比较等级考查集中在:as.as.结构、比较级和最高级普通使用方法和特殊使用方法。如:比较级形式表示最高级含义。,【经典例题,1,】,(,四川卷改编,)Andy is content with the toy.It is the,(good)he has ever got.,解析:,句意,:,安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到过最好玩具。该句中,It,是指上文提到玩具,依据,he,has,ever,got,可知用形容词最高级。答案为,best,其后省略了名词,toy,。,考法总结,比较范围为三个或三个以上时,应用最高级表示。,21/45,-,22,-,基础考法,能力考法,【经典例题,2,】,(,全国,卷,)Even,(bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.,解析:,考查固定表示。,even,worse“,更糟糕是,”,。故填,worse,。,【经典例题,3,】,(,全国,卷,)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify(,识别)those of,(great)and less importance.,解析:,句意,:,假如你因为工作责任而感到有压力话,那么你应该退一步,确定哪些事情更主要,哪些不那么主要。,and,连接两个并列成份,设空处应与,less,并列,也应用比较级形式。故填,greater,。,22/45,-,23,-,基础考法,能力考法,【经典例题,4,】,(,湖北卷改编,)This novel was once the,(wide)read book in high schools in the United States.,解析:,句意,:,这部小说曾经是美国高中阅读最广泛书。依据设空前定冠词及空后,in,high,schools,in,the,United,States,可知,此处应用最高级,the,most,widely,来修饰过去分词,read,。故填,most,widely,。,【经典例题,5,】,(,辽宁卷,)The,(hard)you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!,解析:,本句是固定句式,:“the+,比较级,the+,比较级,”,表示,“,越就越,”,。句意,:,你越是用力打他,你就越可能被打。他能够控制你,!,故填,harder,。,23/45,-,24,-,基础考法,能力考法,考法,1,妙用标志,(,词,),定答案,有时设空处前后有一些比较等级标志词或修饰语,如:than,much,of all等,考生能够利用这些信息快速确定答案。,【经典例题,1,】,(,全国,卷,)Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is,(clean)than ever.,解析:,句意,:,最终,人们努力得到了回报,现在这条河里水比以前更洁净了。依据空后,than,可推断设空处应该填提醒词比较级形式。故填,cleaner,。,24/45,-,25,-,基础考法,能力考法,考法,2,善用知识贮备定答案,英语中有些约定俗成表示包含了比较等级结构,比如“the+比较级,the+比较级”等固定句式结构。所以,考生只要平时专心积累,就能够大大提升解题速度和准确率。,【经典例题,2,】,(,全国,卷,)Tony can hardly boil an egg,still,(little)cook dinner.,解析:,句意,:,托尼几乎连鸡蛋都不会煮,更无须说做饭了。,still,less,是固定搭配,表示,“,更谈不上,更不用说,”,。故填,less,。,25/45,-,26,-,基础考法,能力考法,【经典例题,3,】,(,全国,卷改编,)The result is not very important to us,but if we do win,then so much the,(good).,解析:,so,much,the,better,是固定短语,意为,“,那就更加好了,”,。句意,:,结果对我们来说不是很主要,但假如我们真赢了,那就更加好了。故填,better,。,26/45,-,27,-,1,.(,四川卷,)Chinese scientists,(recent)had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.,2,.(,浙江卷改编,)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience,(especial)if you are travelling at high speed.,recently,句意,:,中国科学家最近有一次研究一只野生雌性大熊猫与其幼崽机会。,“,最近,”,为整个句子时间状语,故填形容词,recent,副词形式,recently,。,especially,句意,:(,开车时,),突然停车是件很恐怖事,尤其是你在高速行驶时。,especially,意为尤其是,”,在句中做状语,符合语境。,27/45,-,28,-,3,.They gave money to the old people,s home either,(personal)or through their companies.,personally,句意,:,他们以个人名义或者经过他们企业给养老院捐款。依据句意,该空修饰动词,gave,故填副词形式。,personally,意为,“,私人地,;,亲自地,”,。,4,.Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase,she gave him a,(tolerance)smile and let him go.,tolerant,设空处修饰名词,smile,做定语,要用形容词。句意,:,她没有指责打坏花瓶男孩,而是给了他一个宽容微笑让他走了。,tolerance,是名词,其形容词为,tolerant,。,28/45,-,29,-,5,.The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others,(blind).,6,.He didn,t selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle.Instead,he made a,(generosity)contribution to help the community.,blindly,句意,:,教育目标是教会年轻人要独立思索,不要盲目地跟随他人。设空处修饰动词,follow,做状语,应用副词。形容词,blind,变副词直接加,-ly,blindly,意为,“,盲目地,”,。,generous,设空处修饰名词,contribution,做定语,应用形容词。句意,:,他没有自私地把从叔叔那里继承钱据为己有,相反,他非常慷慨地捐出来帮助小区人们。,generosity,为名词,其形容词为,generous,。,29/45,-,30,-,7,.Little Tommy is really hard to deal with.You can,t find a,(noisy)boy in the class.,8,.Raymond,s parents wanted him to have the,(good)possible education.,9,.It may not be a great suggestion.But before a,(good)one is put forward,we,ll make do with it.,noisier,句意,:,小汤米真难对付。你在这个班上找不到比他更喧华男孩子了。,not,或,never,与形容词比较级连用,表示最高级含义。,best,句意,:,雷蒙德父母想让他接收最好教育。依据语境可知应用形容词最高级,修饰名词,education,。,better,句意,:,这可能不是一个好提议。不过在提出更加好提议之前,我们先将就着用这个吧。依据句意可知,此处暗含比较含义,指一个更加好提议。故填,better,。,30/45,-,31,-,10,.This is by far the,(inspire)movie that I have ever seen.,most inspiring,句意,:,这是到当前为止我看过最鼓舞人心电影。后文,that,I,have,ever,seen,给出了范围,故应用形容词最高级,;by,far,也常与最高级连用。,31/45,-,32,-,1,.Without Mother and Father,s love,I wouldn,t be leading such a happily life now.,2,.For one thing,a little child is great fun and I like to play with him or her cheerful.,3,.My mindless words must have hurt him deep.,happilyhappy,句意,:,没有父母爱,我现在不会过着这么幸福生活。修饰名词应用形容词,故将,happily,改为,happy,。,cheerfulcheerfully,句意,:,首先,小孩子很有趣,我喜欢跟他,/,她一起开心地玩。修饰动词,应用副词,故将,cheerful,改为,cheerfully,。,deepdeeply,句意,:,我不经意话必定已经深深地伤害了他。,deep,和,deeply,均可用作副词,不过,deep,惯用来指详细,“,深,”,如,:,潜水潜得深用,dive,deep,而,deeply,惯用来指抽象意义,“,深,”,。,32/45,-,33,-,4,.After the bath he looked energy and refreshed.,5,.E-hongbao is actual a kind of lucky money from and to relatives and friends during festivals or on special occasions.,energyenergetic,句意,:,洗完澡后他看起来精力充沛,精神焕发。,look,在此意为,“,看起来,”,是连系动词,后面应用形容词充当表语。故用,energetic,。,actualactually,句意,:,电子红包实际上是在节日期间或者特殊场所来自或发给亲戚和朋友吉利钱。表示,“,实际上,”用副词,actually,在句中做状语。,33/45,-,34,-,6,.Last but not least,if we are in danger,we should call the police immediate.,immediateimmediately,句意,:,最终但一样主要是,假如我们身处险境,我们应该立刻打电话报警。修饰动词,call,应用副词,故将,immediate,改为,immediately,。,7,.One day in Senior Grade 1,I happened to see an English movie named,Speed,.It was so interested that I watched it again and again.,interestedinteresting,第二句中,It,指代上句中电影,Speed,指物,应用形容词,interesting,修饰,意为,“,有趣,”,。,interested,“,感兴趣,”,惯用于修饰人。,34/45,-,35,-,8,.When Mr Tang slowly went into the classroom,we could see clear that it was hard for him to leave us though he had taught us for only three months.,9,.I have found their tips on teaching so usefully.,clearclearly,句意,:,当唐老师慢慢走进教室时候,我们能够很清楚地看出他很舍不得离开我们,尽管他只教了我们三个月。修饰动词,see,应用副词,故将,clear,改为,clearly,。,usefullyuseful,句意,:,我以为他们关于教学提议很有用。此处为,find,复合结构,即,“find+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,”,意为,“,认为某物怎样,”,故用形容词做宾语补足语。,35/45,-,36,-,10,.When he was young,he read a lot,and late he became a famous writer of his day.,latelater,句意,:,当他年轻时候,他读了很多书,以后成为他那个时代著名作家。,late,做形容词或副词,意为,“,迟,;,晚,”;later,做副词,意为,“,以后,”,。依据句意可知,此处应用,later,。,36/45,-,37,-,A,The,History,of,Air,Conditioners,The first practical cooling system for use in industry 1.,(invent)in 1902 by Willis Carrier in New York,the U.S.A.He continued to improve 2.,(he)invention and,in 1928,developed the first air conditioner for home use.In 1939,an American car company introduced the first air conditioner for cars,3.,(make)driving more comfortable.,37/45,-,38,-,After World War,many American 4.,(company)began making air conditioners and,beginning in 1950,many homes in the U.S.A.were equipped 5.,central air conditioning.Central air conditioning uses a single unit 6.,(heat)or cool a whole house.With this,people could escape the heat of summer and the cold of winter no matter 7.,they were in the house.,In the 1970s,electricity 8.,(become)more expensive,so people developed 9.,(good)air conditioners to save money.Later,the cooling gas in air conditioners was found to pollute the environment,so engineers have been working to produce air conditioners more friendly to the environment 10.,the 1980s.,38/45,-,39,-,【解题导语】,本文是一篇说明文,介绍了空调发展,:,由工业空调、家用空调到车载空调,再到中央空调以及工程师们致力研发环境保护空调。,1,.was,invented,句意,:,应用于工业中第一台实用制冷系统是,1902,年由威利斯,卡里尔在美国纽约创造。依据时间状语,in,1902,可知应为普通过去时,系统是被创造,故用被动语态。,2,.his,此处表示他继续改进他创造。此处用形容词性物主代词修饰名词,invention,。,3,.making,句意,:1939,年,美国一家汽车企业引进了第一台车载空调,这使得驾驶更为舒适。此处为动词,-,ing,形式短语充当结果状语,是前面主句所指整件事情结果。故填,making,。,4,.companies,此处表示二战后许多美国企业开始制造空调。设空处被,many,修饰,应该用复数。故填,companies,。,39/45,-,40,-,5,.with,句意,:,许多美国家庭装有中央空调系统。表示,“,装有,”,用,be,equipped,with,。,6,.to heat,句意,:,中央空调系统用单个装置来使整个房子变热或变凉。设空处于句中充当目标状语,应用动词不定式。,7,.where,句意,:,有了中央空调,不论人们在房子哪个角落,都能避开夏天酷热和冬天严寒。,no,matter,where,表示,“,不论在哪里,”,。,8,.became,此处表示,20,世纪,70,年代,电变得非常昂贵。依据时间状语,In,the,1970s,可知为普通过去时。,9,.better,句意,:,所以,人们研发出了愈加好空调来节约钱。依据句意,此处暗含比较意味,故用比较级。,10,.since,句意,:,自从,20,世纪,80,年代以来,工程师们一直在努力制造愈加环境保护空调。依据,so,后句子用现在完成进行时可知,时间状语由,since,引发。,40/45,-,41,-,B,In recent years many TV shows have become extremely popular among Chinese audience.Those programs,ranging from talent or dating shows to reality shows 1.,(receive)both commercial success and public attention.,Their popularity is 2.,(main)based on simple facts.First,they care 3.,social concerns.Second,without exception,they explore a perfect balance between the international forms and Chinese expressions.,41/45,-,42,-,Despite apparent highlights,much room 4.,(leave)for improvement.Above all,commercial interests often outweigh 5.,(education)purposes,causing many complaints about the 6.,(bearable)advertisements.In addition,some sharp remarks,7.,they are eyecatching,may have misleading effects on the youth.,In my opinion,such shows should shoulder more responsibility instead of merely 8.,(entertain)the public.9.,is expected,these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions.Meanwhile,the 10.,(medium)should also safeguard the values of our society.,42/45,-,43,-,【解题导语】,娱乐节目不但要娱乐观众,同时也应负担起更多社会责任。,1,.have,received,句意,:,那些节目,从选秀或相亲节目到真人秀都已经取得了商业上成功和公众关注。本句是对上句深入说明,依据上句中时间状语,In,recent,years,可知此处应用现在完成时。,2,.mainly,句意,:,它们受欢迎主要是基于简单事实。分析句子结构可知,be,based,on,为动词短语,故用副词,mainly,修饰。,3,.about,句意,:,首先,它们关注社会热点。,care,about,为固定搭配,意为,“,关心,关注,”,。故填,about,。,4,.is left,句意,:,尽管它们有显著亮点,不过提升空间也很大。分析句子结构可知,room(,空间,),和,leave,之间为被动关系,故此处用被动语态。句子描述是普通性事实,时态与上文保持一致,故用普通现在时被动语态。故填,is,left,。,43/45,-,44,-,5,.educational,句意,:,首先,商业利益经常大于教育目标,从而引发人们对那些令人无法忍受广告很多埋怨。设空处修饰名词,purposes,应用形容词。故填,educational,意为,“,有教育意义,”,。,6,.unbearable,依据句中,complaints,可知,该空用,bearable反义词,在单词前加前缀,un-,。,7,.though/although/while,句意,:,另外,尽管一些尖锐评论很吸引眼球,但或许会误导年轻人。依据句意,设空处引导让步状语从句,可用,though,although,或,while,引导。,8,.entertaining,句意,:,依我看,这类节目应该负担更多责任而不但仅是娱乐大众。分析句子结构可知,of,为介词,故用动词,-,ing,形式做宾语。,44/45,-,45,-,9,.As,句意,:,正如所期待那样,这些节目应该在形式和功效上都起主动作用。本句为,as,引导非限制性定语从句,as,意为,“,正如,;,正像,”,。,10,.media,句意,:,同时,媒体也应该保护我们社会价值观。表示,“,新闻媒体,传媒,”,这一总称应用,the,media,为固定表示。,45/45,