人教版八年级英语下册Unit.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 6 How long have you been,第1页,have/has,是助动词,been,是,be,过去分,词,表示从过去开始一直连续到现在动作，,并有可能连续下去,时态现在完成进行时,（一）,组成形式：,have/has been+Ving,for+,一段时间,have/has been+doing sth,+since+,过去时间点,since+,从句,(,普通过去时,),第2页,与过去时比较：,1.I,watched TV,for three hours.,我看了三小时电视（我现在没有看电视了）,2.I,have been watching TV,for three hours.,我看了三小时电视（我现在依然在看电视）,第3页,例句,1,我已经学了年英语了,I,have been learning,English,for 5 years,.,例句,2,他已经集邮,10,年了,H,e has been collecting,stamps,for 10 years,.,He,has been collecting,stamps,since 10 years ago,.,He,has been collecting,stamps,since 1999,.,画线部分提问：,How long,has he been collecting stamps?,第4页,（二）,引导时间介词,for,与,since,区分,for,since,表示时间,连续,for+,时间,段,表示“自,从,过去某一时间点,以来,”,since+,时间,点,强调,一段时间,强调,动作或状态,一直延续,到现在,(for,与,since,引导短语用,how long,提问,),第5页,时间状语,for,与,since,引导短语,for,five minutes,ten days,five years,since,May 1,8:00,he was seven years old,seven years ago,第6页,1.since使用方法(1),conj,(引导时间状语从句，从句中惯用过去时，主句用普通时态或完成时),自从以来；以后,egIt was years since l had seen her自从我见到她(到那时)又过去好几年了。It is just a week since we arrived here我们到这儿刚好有一周了。,第7页,(引发原因状语从句，通常置于句首),既然；因为,egSince he says so，it must be true既然他这么说，那一定是真。(2),prep,.,自以来,egI have lived here since childhood自小我就住在这儿。He hasnt been home sincel9931993年以来他还没有回过家,。,第8页,(3),adv,(,与完成时态连用,),从那以后；以后,eg,He left the city in 1985 and has returned only once since,他,1985,年离开这座城市，自那以后只回来过一次。,以前,(4),组成短语,：,ever since,从那以后,(,一直,)long since,很久以前；早已,第9页,2.,favorite,n.“最爱物品”，adj.“最喜爱”作形容词,比较级和最高级形式。,eg:My favorite food is dumpling我最喜欢食物是饺子。,第10页,3.,stop,表示“停顿，结束，阻止”The light turned redI have to stop 红灯亮了，我不得不停下来。(1)stop作,名词,，意为“车站，站点”。eg：I get off at the next bus stop我在下一站下车。,第11页,(2)stop作,动词,，意为“停顿”，惯用于stop,doing,sth.结构中，表示“停顿做某事”，指停顿正在做事。,eg,：The students stop talking学生停顿了讲话。(动名词talking作宾语),第12页,(3)stop,to do,sth.则表示“停下来去做某事”，指停顿原来事去做另外一件事。,eg,：The students stop to talk学生们停下来(开始)讲话。(不定式to talk作目标状语)We should stop to have a rest我们应该停下来休息一会儿。,第13页,(4),stop sb.(from)doing sth.,表示“叫某人停顿做某事，阻止某人做某事”。,eg,：What can stop me(my)going?有什么能阻止我去呢?Nothing shall stop us from studying什么都不能阻止我们学习。,第14页,4.have to do sth.表示“不得不做某事”，指客观条件“不得不”eg:I have to finish the work by myself 我不得不自己完成这项工作。5.run out of 意为“从地方跑出来；用光”eg:Class is overThe students run out of the classroom 下课了，学生们从教室里冲了出来。,第15页,【,课文解析,】,1.How long have you been in class today?,你今天上了多长时间课？,(,或你在课堂多长时间？,)(1)how long“,多长”或“多长时间”。,对长度或时间段提问。,-How long have you learned English?,你学英语多长时间了,?-For two years.,两年了。,第16页,(2)in class在上课；在课堂上，其反义词为out of class“在课外”。,eg:,We should read more books out of class.我们在课外应该多读些书。,I,have been in class for one hour.我上了一个小时课。,第17页,2.Alison was the first one to start艾丽森是第一个开始(滑)。“,be the first/second+,n.+to do,”表示“是第一/二个做某事”。eg:,He is the last one to leave here.他是最终个离开这里。She was the first one to get to the school她是第一个到校。,第18页,3.Id like to collect stamps because they are interesting我喜欢集邮，因为它们尤其有趣。(1),would like to do,表示“想要做某事”。,eg,：Would you like to come to join my birthday party?你愿意来参加我生日晚会吗?,第19页,(2)collect意为“搜集，搜集”，惯用作及物动词，,后跟名词或代词作宾语,。,eg,：I like collecting all kinds Of Chinese stamps very much我非常喜欢搜集各种中国邮票。,第20页,4Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster 非常感激您送我怪兽雪花球形玻璃器。(1)thanks for相当于thank you for意为“为感激你”，,后多跟名词短语或动名词,。,eg,：Thanks for your last letter.谢谢你上封来信。,第21页,(2),send sb.,s,th.,相当于,send sthto sb.,表示“送给某人某物”,eg:,He sent me a present for my birthday.He sent a present to me for my birthday我过生日他送了我一件礼品。,第22页,5.By the way，whats your hobby?顺便提一下，你个人兴趣是什么?(1)这是一个特殊疑问句简单句，,by the way,在句中作插入语。介词短语by the way意思是“且说，顺便提一下，还有”，惯用来介绍普通性话题，或在脑子里突然想起事情。比如：We,are waiting for,you，by the way，dinner will be at eight我们正在等着你，还有晚饭是八点开。,第23页,(2)名词,hobby,表示“兴趣”是,可数名词。,复数：,hobbies,eg,：Your hobby is reading 你兴趣是看书。One of my hobbies is astronomy 我兴趣之一是天文学。,第24页,6,It made me think about differences in food cultures between China and western countries,它使我想起了中国和西方国家在饮食文化方面差异。,(1)make,使役动词,“使；让”，,后面接不定式作宾语补足语时，不带,to,，类似还有,let,和,have,。,eg,He,made,the students,laugh,他把同学们逗笑了。,Aunt Li tried to,make,us,stay,for supper.,李大婶要留我们吃晚饭。,第25页,(2),think about,考虑；回想，想起；认为,eg,think about a plan,考虑一项计划,I always think about her when it snows,每当下雪时候，我总是想起她。,We need to think about the plan,我们需要考虑一下这个计划。,第26页,(3)介词,between,二者之间,eg:,There is a fence between his garden and our garden 在他花园和我们花园之间有一道栅栏。Youre to sit between Moira and me 你坐在莫伊娜和我之间。,第27页,【词语辨析】,1.every和each(1),each,一定数目中“每一个”；“个别”意义较重，表示各有不一样，更强调个人或个别。eg,:,Each one has his weakness 每人都有每人弱点。(2),every,数目不确定许多人或物中间“每一个”；“总合”意义较重，表示“大家一致”。eg,:,Every one of us is here 我们都到了。(3),each,可作主语、同位语、定语和状语，而every只能作定语。,第28页,2.raise 和rise(1),rise,（rose，risen）v.“上升”，（一定是不及物）n.“上升，上涨”give rise to=lead to引发，例：The food shortage gave rise to the serious problems.食品短缺引发了严重问题。,第29页,(2),raise,vt.及物动词.,“使上升,筹集,”，,eg:,“举起”raise ones hand,“提出”raise a question,“抚养，相当于bring up,/,raise children,“筹集”raise funds,第30页,3.have to与must have to与must都有“必须”意思，但有其不一样之处：(1),have to,有时态和人称改变，带有客观原因，意思是“不得不”；must无时态和人称改变，后面接不带to不定式，带有主观原因，意思是“必须，一定”。eg：I have to go nowIts dark 我必须得走了。天已黑了。I must go我得走了.,第31页,(2),must not,表示“不许，一定不能”；,dont have to,表示“无须”。,eg,：You mustnt go now 你现在不许走。You dont have to go so early你无须走那么早。,第32页,(3)Must I?否定回答是No，you neednt或No，you dont have to,eg,：-Must I stay here now?我必须留在这吗?-NO，you needntyou dont have to 不，你无须。,第33页,5.fairly与ratherfairly与rather同义但使用方法不一样：,fairly,普通指(,褒义,)理想情形，,rather,普通指(,贬义,)不太理想情形。,eg:The weather is fairly fine today今天天气相当好。The weather was rather bad yesterday昨天天气相当不好。,第34页,several adj.若干，几个,数个修饰,可数名词复数,形式。eg:several times 好几次 for several days 好几天 Ive read it several times.我已经读过好几遍了。,第35页,common adj.普通；通俗;公共；共同,短语：,in common,共有;相同eg:we have something in common.,第36页,