1、hydro氢基Hmethyl甲基CH3ethyl乙基C2H5isobutyl异丁基CH2CH(CH3)2allyl烯丙基CH2CHCH22-propynyl2-丙炔基CH2CCHBenzyl=-tolyl苄基(苯甲基)CH2-ArIsopropyl=sec-propyl异丙基CH(CH3)2vinyl乙烯基CHCH2Sec-butyl仲丁基cyclohexyl环己基propenyl丙烯基CHCH-CH3Tert-butyl叔丁基C(CH3)3isopropenyl异丙烯基Acetenyl=ethynyl乙炔基CCHbenzol苯基p-methylphenyl对甲苯基m-methylphenyl
2、间甲苯基o-methylphenyl邻甲苯基o-nitrophenyl邻硝基苯基formyl甲酰基COHacetyl乙酰基COCH3benzoyl苯甲酰基carboxy羧基COOHbenzyloxycarbonyl苄氧羰基Tert-butoxycarbonyl叔丁氧羰基COOC(CH3)3amino氨基(伯氨基)NH3Methylamino-甲氨基NHCH3dimethylamino 二甲氨基N(CH3)2diethylamino二乙氨基N(C2H5)2acetamido乙酰氨基NHCOCH3benzyloxycarbonylamino苄氧羰基氨基NHCOOCH2Arnitro硝基NO2hydroxy羟基methoxy甲氧基OCH3benzyloxy苄氧基OCH2Arphenoxy苯氧基OArformyloxy甲酰氧基OCOHacetoxy乙酰氧基OCOCH3benzoyloxy苯甲酰氧基OCOArfluoro氟基FThiohydroxy=mercapto=sulfhydryl巯基SHMethylsulfonyl=mesyl甲基磺酰基SO2CH3sulfo磺基SO3Hchloro氯基Clbromo溴基Briodo碘基I