四级写作复习.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,四级基础写作,英语的基本句式,简单句,Simple Sentences,复合句,Complex Sentences,并列句,Compound Sentences,简单句,simple sentences,5,种基本句型结构,1.,主谓结构,S.,（主语）,+V.,（谓语动词）,I gazed.,he lies.,Time flies.,I came,I saw,I conquered.,Our existence can only be proved by our sufferings,。,Lovers depart/Future dims/exam tortures/life pains.,But all these sadness proves one thing:we are still alive.To everybody,in sad days,happiness is everywhere,for we have nothing to lose.,2.,主系表结构,S.,（主语）,+V.,（系动词）,+P.,（表语）,A is B,She is beautiful.,I am a student.,系动词：,am,is,are,was,were,become,get,keep,remain,Knowledge is power.,知识就是力量,-Francis Bacon,培根写四级？！,1991,年,6,月,-Changes in Peoples Diet,.,1.state the changes in peoples diet(,饮食,)in the past five years;,2.give possible reasons for the changes;,3.draw your own conclusions;,4.you should quote as few figures as possible.,Changes in Peoples Diet,Food is power.,Francis Bacon once said,Knowledge is power,but in the real life,there is another seemingly more practical version of this distinguished argument,Food is power.,Francis Bacon once said,knowledge is power,but in the real life,there is another seemingly more practical version of this,distinguished,argument,“money is power”,95.1,Can Money Buy Happiness?,famous=well-known/,distinguished/,notable/,renowned/,reputable,notorious,Parody,仿拟,“,I think,therefore I am”.,“,Ipod,therefore I am”.,Rome wasnt built in a day,but it could be beaten in an afternoon.,To be or not to be,that is a question,To lie or not to lie,that is a question,99.6 read selectively or extensively?,To read selectively or extensively,that is the problem.,3.,主谓宾结构,S.(,主语）,+V.,（谓语）,+O.,（宾语）,A does B,I learn English.,We learn English.,She learns English./She teaches English.,The moon kisses the town.,Can Money Buy Happiness,Happiness has nothing to do with wealth,but with love.Imagine when the moon kisses the town,you and your lover sit together,shoulder by shoulder,hand in hand.Therefore,it is love that brings happiness.,change begets change.,cause=beget,changes in peoples diet,Change begets change.The changes in peoples diet during the past five years brings about changes in longevity of people.,1993,年,1,月,Positive and Negative Aspects of Sport.,1.,运动的积极因素；,2.,运动的消极因素；,3.,你的体会。,positive and negative aspects of sports,Change begets change.Those who take exercises frequently would soon witness the changes in their physical makeup/quality.,It pays to be honest,Change begets change.The changes in peoples attitude towards honesty give rise to changes in their social conducts.,4.,主谓宾补结构,S.(,主语）,+V.,（谓语）,+O.,（宾语）,+C.,（宾语补足语）,e.g.,I(,主语）,find,（谓语动词）,you,（宾语）,pretty,（宾语补足语）,.,Love makes the world go around.It is love that makes the world go around.,2002.6,Student Use of Computer,It is science and technology that make our world go around.,The world is getting smaller and smaller,It is various means of transportation that make our world go around.,reading selectively or extensively,It is knowledge/extensive knowledge that makes the world go around.,5.,主谓双宾结构,S.(,主语）,+V.,（谓语）,+O1,（间接宾语）,+O2,（直接宾语）,A gives B,sth,.(B,是人，是间接宾语，,sth,.,是直接宾语）,I give you a book.,I give a book to you.,John,Raine,写过这样一首诗，叫做,I Asked God,I asked God for a flower,(ask for,的意思是要求,),he gave me a bouquet,（,bouquet,表示花束）,I asked God for a minute,我找上帝要一分钟,he gave me a day,他给了我一天,I asked God for true love,我找上帝要真爱,he gave me that too,他也把真爱给了我,I asked for an angel and he gave me you.,我找上帝要一个天使，他把你给了我。,offer,提供,bring,带来,offer us opportunities,offer people advantages,bring sb.benefits,bring us a world of good,95.6 advantages of a job interview,A job interview offers the employer a lot of advantages.,93.1 positive and negative aspects of sports,Taking exercises brings us lots of benefits.,02.6 student use of computers,The use of Computers brings us a world of good.,简单句只有一套主谓结构，而不是形式上简单,The trend is a reflection.,Changes in Peoples Diet,The growing trend for the consumption of milk and meat is a reflection of the need for a well-balanced recipe.,对牛奶和肉的消费增长的趋势是人们对食物的营养均衡要求的一种反映,拉伸主谓宾，填充定状补,复合句（,Complex Sentences),A IS B,A=N.?Pron.?V-,ing,?,A=a sentence,主语从句,B=a sentence,表语从句,这个地方就是我曾经住过的。,A DOES B,B=a sentence,宾语从句,I believe you.,I believe that I am happy.,A does B,A,A+,does B,A+=N.or Pron.,，同位语,A+=a sentence,同位语从句,读书很重要这个事实被大多数人接受。,The fact that reading is important is accepted by most people.,金钱不是万能的这一说法被很多人接受。,她有一个女朋友，这事还不知道,That he has a girlfriend is unknown.,头重脚轻,尾重原则,形式主语,e.g.,你们没做作业是很明显的,It is obvious that you didnt do your homework.,It,形式主语,虚主语,角色的固定性,同义替换：,明显的：,Manifest,Evident,Apparent,Obvious,Certain,Clear,It,做形式主语,It has become apparent that we are all custodians of this blue planet.,That we are all custodians of this blue planet has become apparent.,96.6 Global Shortage of Fresh Water,With the progress of human beings,it has become apparent that we are all custodians of this blue planet.,93.6,My most favorite program,My favorite program is Man and,Nature,because,it provides a new perspective for us to view the relationship between nature and human beings.As we all know,it has become apparent that we are all custodians of this blue planet.,90.6,Make our cities greener,Since it has become apparent that we are all custodians of this blue planet,we have the responsibility to protect the environment of this beautiful planet.,Jane Austin,Pride and Prejudice,“It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.”,It is(a truth)universally acknowledged that,It is widely/commonly/generally acknowledged that,It is a truth universally acknowledged that knowledge is power.,00.6,Is a test of Spoken English Necessary?,It is widely acknowledged that as globalization develops rapidly,spoken English plays an important role in communication,it is self-evident that,“,Declaration of Independence,”,“We hold the truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal”.,It is undeniable that,It goes without saying that,不可否认，学生们更多使用电脑的同时也伴随着一些问题。,02.6,Student Use of Computer,It is undeniable that the increasing use of computer in students comes hand in hand with some problems.,Come hand in hand with,与。携手同行,It is undeniable that the development of,science and technology comes hand in hand with some problems.,Can money buy happiness?,It is undeniable that the increasingly wealthy lives of working people comes hand in hand with some problems.,08.12,Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags,It is undeniable that the increasing use of disposable plastic bags comes hand in hand with some problems.,08.6,Recreational ActivitiesIt is undeniable that putting too much emphasis on recreational activities comes hand in hand with some problems.,Getting to Know the World outside Campus,It is undeniable that always studying on campus comes hand in hand with some problems.,It is conceivable that,It must be pointed out that,It is wildly accepted/believed that,It must be kept in mind that,It seems certain that,It has been proved that,It can be seen from this case that,It is true that,并列句（,compound sentences),He has deliberately chosen to lead a life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences.,他小心谨慎的选择了他所要过的生活并且深深意识到他所带来的结果。,David Thoreau(,戴维,梭罗,),我到森林中去，因为我希望谨慎的生活去面对生活的基本现实，看看我是否学会生活要教给我的基本东西，免得到了临死的时候，才发现，我根本没有生活过。,I went to the woods because I wished to live,deliberately,to front only the essential facts of life,and see if I could learn what it had to teach,and not,when I came to die,discover that I had not livedThe world is a fine place,and it is worth fighting for”.,-,海明威,Environmental protection:to make our cities greener/shortage of fresh water/plastic bags,Honesty:harmfulness of fake commodities/,It pays to be honest,Electricity:what would happen if there were no power/Technology:power/computer/,并列连词：,and,or,but,yet,while,whereas,bothand,eitheror,neithernor,While the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes,Australia was encouraging this one.,Beauty means something,yet we must not seek to interpret the meaning.,简单句的升级,15,分钟写,120,？,一分钟,8,个字,30,分钟写,120,个字？,一分钟,4,个字,平均一句话,10-14,个词,10-12,句话,简单句的升级之并列式长句写法,There are three people in my family:my father,my mother and I.,A,B and C,名词,短语，句子,He is honest.,He is kind.,He is diligent.,He is honest,kind and diligent.,People always dream of rising to the top of the company.,People always dream of winning the Nobel Prize.,People always dream of becoming rich or famous in the future.,People always dream of rising to the top of the company,winning the Nobel Prize,becoming rich or famous in the future.,94.6 My Ideal Job,Different people have various dreams:some want to rise to the top of the company,some are eager to win the Noble Prize,and some are longing for becoming rich or famous.,Some are born great,some achieve greatness,and some have greatness thrust upon them.,William Shakespeare,有人生来伟大，有人成就伟大，更有人在逆境中彰显其伟大。,92.1 Is Failure a Bad Thing?,As William Shakespeare wrote,some are born great,some achieve greatness,and some have greatness thrust upon them.,People who have a brave heart view failure as,the path towards greatness.,Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested.,-Francis Bacon,书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。,reading selectively or extensively,I believe,that I can fly.,I believe,that I can soar.,I believe,that I can touch the sky.,名词,/,句子 名词性从句,I believe that I can fly,that I can soar and that I can touch the sky.,play,AB+AC+AD=A(B+C+D),Galileo was,above all,a man who experimented:,who despised the prejudices and book learning,of the Aristotelians,who put his questions tonature instead of to the ancients,and who,drew his conclusions fearlessly.,口诀：四菜一汤,一汤所谓主句,四菜所谓从句,Dishonesty is,above all,a phenomenon which is a disease:which is firstly accepted by a few people,and which spread across the nation,and which give rise to serious problems in the society.,It pays to be honest,不诚信，首先，是一种疾病的现象。它最初被少数人接受，随即扩散到整个国家，并在社会造成了严重的影响,V-N,Some people believe that money is the root of evil.,Believe belief,Some people,hold the belief,that money is the root of evil.,词组替换：,hold the belief=have strong convictions about,People feel that honesty is important.,Feel feeling,People have a feeling that honesty is of importance.,无灵主语,There is a feeling that honesty is of importance.,人们感觉很多人不像从前那么诚实了,People feel that many people are not as honest as before.,There is a feeling that many people are not as honest as before.,There is a feeling that many people are no longer honest as they used to be.,简单句的升级二 插入语,插入语：,1),独立成分,2),对句子内容所持的态度，或者解释说明,3),有逗号隔开,I guess that you do not want to do your homework.assignment,You,I guess,do not want to do your homework.,插入语的位置,I am tough in appearance,but I am gentle inside.,In fact,Im tough in appearance,but in fact,I am gentle inside.,Im tough in appearance,but I,in fact,am gentle inside.,Im tough in appearance,but I am,in fact,gentle inside.,插入语的作用,e.g.,Reading Selectively or Extensively,Reading extensively helps us to have a wide scope of knowledge.,Reading extensively makes us understand the world and the society,Reading extensively enables us to boast ourselves among any groups of people.,Reading extensively,without any doubt,helps us to have a wide scope of knowledge.,As far as Im concerned,reading extensively makes us understand the world and the society.,Very obviously,reading extensively enables us to boast ourselves among any groups of people.,插入语的作用与优势：,1,）不费吹灰之力,2,）句子看上去更有说服力，过渡更加平缓，更自然,3,）句子读起来有停顿，抑扬顿挫，有节奏感,4,）增强文章语言表达的效果,5,）增加句子字数,Why,you may wonder,should spiders be our friends?,05.6 Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists,Why,you may wonder,should the university campus be open to tourist,？,Is a test of spoken English necessary?,Why,you may wonder,is a test of spoken English necessary?,Read selectively or extensively?,Why,you may wonder,shall we read selectively?,If there is one problem of youth,which I take leave to doubt,then it is older people who create it.,Problem,同义替换：,Issue,Headache,Cancer,Do Lucky Numbers Really Bring Good Luck,If there exist some magic in numbers,which I take leave to doubt,then it is those people who create the magic themselves.,The best way to overcome the fear of death,at least it seems to me,is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal.,-Bertrand Russell,Practice Makes Perfect,Practice,at least it seems to me,is of great importance in learning a language.,Spring Festival Gala,Spring festival gala,at least it seems to me,is indispensable because it adds considerably to the festival atmosphere.,Getting to Know the World Outside the campus,To know the world outside the campus,at least it seems to me,is a necessity for us to put our knowledge into practice.,简单句的升级,-,分词短语作状语,现在分词,V.+ing:dancing,passing,过去分词,V.+ed:compared,solved,固定形式除外：,write-written;,read-read,see-seen,现在分词与过去分词的区别：,现在分词表示主动关系,过去分词表示被动关系,Seeing from the top of the mountain,the city looks very beautiful.,改为，,Seeing from the top of the mountain,I find the city beautiful.,Seen from the top of the mountain,the city is very beautiful.,A do 1,A do 2,Doing 1,A do 2.,I look out of a window.,I see a lady.,Looking out of a window,I see a lady.,We study in the university,We have learned a lot.,Studying in the university,we have learned a lot.,Tourism becomes the major source of economy.,Tourism plays an important part in many countries.,Becoming the major source of economy,tourism plays an important part in many countries.,打造低调的奢华之简单句的升级四,-,介词,英语是介词的语言,介词是英语的灵魂,语言精炼简洁,升级句子层次,增加字数,介词在写作中的作用,介词短语扩展句子,首都是北京,The capital is Beijing,中国的首都是北京,The capital of China is Beijing.,有着悠久历史的中国的首都是北京,The capital of China with a long history is Beijing.,饮食,diet,中国人的饮食,the diet of Chinese people,中国人从过去到现在的饮食,the diet of chinese people from past to present,介词短语扩展句子,介词做定语,名,+,介,+名,The student in love,名,+,介,+,名,+,介,+,名,The lady in love with a dog,名,+,介,+,名,+,介,+,名,+,介,+,名,+,The lady in love with a dog in a picture,The lady in love with a dog in a picture of a little boy,公式,主,+,名,+,介,+,名,+,介,+,名,+,介,+,名,+,介,+,动,+,名,+,介,+,名,+,介,+,名,+,介,+,名,The teacher is telling a story.,The teacher in face of a crowd is telling a story.,The teacher in face of a crowd of students is telling a story.,The teacher in face of a crowd of student,in tears is telling a story.,The teacher in face of a crowd of students in tears of happiness is telling a story.,The teacher in face of a crowd of students in tears of happiness is telling a story about a monk in a temple on the mountain.,The teacher in face of a crowd of students in tears of happiness is telling a story about a monk in a temple on the mountain in China.,The Digital Age,随着科学技术的发展，数字化的产品开始被人们使用,With the development of science and technology,digital products are used by people.,数码产品影响了我们的生活。,Digital products influence our daily/everyday life.,Digital products of great variety influence our daily life to a large extent.,To a certain/large degree/extent,On a large scale,In a way,同义替换,影响,Influence v./n.,Have an influence/impa