宾语、表语从句2.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,宾语从句,主讲：张一乐,名词性从句,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句,.,分为,:,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和,同位语从句,。,Grammar,名词从句的功能,功能相当于,名词词组,它在复合句中能担任,主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,.,the object clause,宾语从句,the predicative clause,表语从句,Noun clauses,名词性从句,如何区分宾语从句？,They,know,the teacher.,主语 谓语 宾语,They,know,the teacher is a man,.,主语 谓语 宾语从句,句子做宾语就是宾语从句。,宾语从句,宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词或表示情感的形容词之后。,引导宾语从句的词有,连词,that,if,whether,连接代词,who,whom,whose,what,which,连接副词,when,where,how,why,等,.,三种情况的宾语从句,:,a.,及物动词的宾语从句,:,常见动词有,:say,see,tell,know,decide,discuss,find out,suggest,wonder,show,understand,advise,等,.,b.,介词的宾语从句,:,宾语从句也可以做介词的宾语,.,c,系动词,+,形容词之后的宾语从句,:,诸如,:sure,happy,glad,certain,afraid,pleased,等之后,也可以带有宾语从句,.,The Object Clause,一、做动词的宾语,(1),大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后：,e.g.,He doesnt,know,where,the post office is.,I,heard,that,he joined the army.,(2),有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语：,e.g.,He,told,me,what,I should read,She,asked,Jim,whether,he had finished his job.,Please pay attention,to,what,the teacher said.,She always thinks,of,how,she can work well.,Our success depends,on,how well,we can cooperate.,He stared,at,what,was left of the brothers dinner on table.,He isnt sure,of,what a terrible thing,he has done.,二、,做介词的宾语,三、作形容词的宾语,Im afraid,(that),Ive made a mistake.,Im not sure,whether,the train will arrive on time or not.,I am sorry,that,I dont know you want to join the Party.,We are surprised,that,he has left without saying goodbye to us.,We are glad,that,our football team has won the match.,e.g.,I think,(that),he is honest.,2)I wonder,whether,he will come or not.,3)He doesnt care,if,it isnt a fine day.,4)Please tell me,who,will go with you.,5)Do you know,who/whom,Jack was speaking to?,6)He asked,whose car,it was.,7)Pay attention to,what,the doctor said.,8)Please tell me,when,the earthquake took place.,9)Will you tell me,how,I can keep fit and healthy?,四、,it,作形式宾语,I thought,it,strange,that,he failed to call me.,We heard,it,that,she would go to America next week.,I consider,it,important,that,we should learn,English well.,I find,it,necessary,that,we should ask him for advice.,I made,it,clear,that,I was determined to carry out the plan.,1.,如果主句的谓语动词是,think,find,feel,consider,make,believe,等，宾语从句常置于宾语补足语,之后，且用,it,作形式宾语。,We all find it important that we make a quick,decision.,2.,有些动词接从句作宾语时要用,it,作形式宾语，,这类动词主要有,hate,take,owe,have,hear,appreciate,等。,I hate it when they talk with their mouths full,of food.,注意,I think,(that),he is honest.,I,heard,that,he joined the army.,I,m afraid,(that),Ive made a mistake.,在从句中不充当任何成分；,无实际含义，常常可以省略；,表陈述意义。,that,I wonder,whether,he will come or not.,He doesnt care,if,it isnt a fine day.,I dont know,if/whether,it is interesting.,Everything depends on,whether,we have enough money.,不充当任何成分；,含义为“是否”不能省略；,表疑问意义；,陈述语序。,whether if,Please tell me,who,will go with you.,Do you know,whom,Jack was speaking to?,He asked,whose car,it was.,Pay attention to,what,the doctor said.,I wonder,why,he hasnt called me.,I want to know,where,he is going with Tom.,Will you tell me,how,I can keep healthy?,在句中充当成分；,均有实际含义，不可省略；,表示特殊疑问意义；,陈述语序。,Im not sure they live now.,Could you tell me gate we should go to,？,I can hardly understand he said at the meeting.,She didnt tell me she would leave for London.,I wonder he will come or not.,选择适当的词语完成宾语从句,what who when why that how where,if,（,whether,whom which,Do you know they are waiting for,？,Can you tell us you are so angry?,The old man asked me gave him the message.,I hope my dream will come true.,She showed me I should use a computer.,I dont know _my parents agree with me.,He didnt say _or not he would be staying here.,Could you tell me the story is about?,We must find out _ he is always late for class.,Do you know _he lives,？,He told us _he felt ill.,I know nothing about the man except _he is a Japanese.,Im sure_ his dream will come,ture,.,Im afraid _ she isnt here now.,She told me _Tom had gone abroad.,I will find out _ the train to Beijing starts on Friday morning.,12,.He said_ the earth moves around,the sun.,13.The teacher often told us _practice makes perfect.,14.Mary knows _ Tom is a student,doesnt she,？,15.I dont think hes right,_,？,16.We think hell come this afternoon,_,？,17.I thought you didnt hear me,_,？,18.He doesnt think I knew anything about it,_?,19.The doctor did _he could to save the patient.,20.We are thinking about _the desk is worth repairing.,改错：找出错误并改正,Could you tell me that where they are going,？,I wonder how old are you.,He doesnt know if we will have a sports meeting if it will rain next week.,Do you know what will be happened in 600 years,？,The physics teacher said that light travelled faster than sound.,We believe you are right,，,dont we,？,I suppose he can pass the coming exam,，,can he,？,He was always saying that advice was seldom welcome.,I told my father that we are studying the solar system at school.,The astronaut explained that the inside of a spaceship was very small.,:,(1).,恰当选用,连接词,.,(2).,语序,要用陈述句语序,.,(3).,时态,要呼应,.,(4).,标点符号,的确定,.,(5).,否定的转移,.,(6).,附加疑问句,宾语从句的六注意,一、弄清各连接词的用法，,选择适当的连接词,（,1,）,.,that,在从句中不充当任何成分；常常可以省略；表陈述意义。,注意事项,：,1.,不和其他连接词重复使用；,2.,含间接宾语时不宜省；,3.,有两个或两个以上的,that,宾语从句,时，第一个可以省略，但其余,that,从句不可省；,4.,带形式宾语,it,的,that,不可省。,5.,介词后的,that,不宜省。,宾语从句注意事项,（,2,）,Whether/if,不充当任何成分；不能省略；表疑问意义；陈述语序。,只用,whether,的情形,:,1.,与,or not,连用；,2.,作介词的宾语，表“是否”。,3.,后接动词不定式时。,4.,引导主语从句并在句首时。,5.,引导表语，同位语从句时。,6.,作,discuss,等词的宾语时。,（,3,）,连接代词,和,连接副词,在从句中充当一定的成分，各有自己的意义，不可省。,二、注意从句的语序；,三注意时态的互应；,从句的时态和主句的时态保持一致，但从句为客观事实、普遍真理、格言警句等时例外。,四、否定前移（否定转移）现象,主句谓语是,think,、,believe,、,suppose,、,imagine,、,guess,、,expect,等动词时，其后的宾语从句中的否定词常转移到主句谓语动词中，形成否定前移。,在下列情况下，一般否定宾语从句：,A,从句中有,not,构成的固定搭配,I think everybody,cant help laughing,if they see it.,B.,从句中有,never,seldom,hardly,等否定词,I think he,seldomgoes to moves.,C.think,前有表示强调的词,I,do,think that he is not fair.,D.think,和其他词构成并列谓语,I,think and hope,that he wont cheat at cards.,E.I think,作为插入语,His decision is not wise,I think,.,（五）、在有否定转移的主从复合句中的附加疑问句,口诀：,第一人称看从句，其他人称看主句。,1.,看从句时注意否定转移；,2.,否定转移简略句,I think so.,I dont think so./I think not.,附加疑问句,如何确定？,一般由主句主语和谓语来确定。但对于含有否定转移的宾语从句的复合句，须根据从句确定，而且要把否定还原给从句，再确定附加疑问句的形式。,注意要点：,A.,否定转移与那六个动词及其时态有关；附加问句的主谓与主句主语的人称有关。若主句主语为第一人称，,附加问,句的主谓要与,从句,中的主谓一致；若主句的主语为二、三人称或其他人称代词时，附加问句要与,主句,中的主谓一致。,B.,无论主句还是从句为否定式，附加问句均为肯定式（若其复合句为肯定式，附加问句则为否定式）。,C.,否定转移的简略句有两种形式：如：,I dont think so=I think not.,（六）、特殊句式结构,v.,that sb.,(should),do,某些动词后的宾语从句要用,should,加动词原形,should,可以省略,口诀：,一坚持,insist,两命令,order;command,三建议,advise;suggest;propose,四要求,demand;require;,request;desire,（七）、宾语从句中时间状语的运用,课内探讨,：,“连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句”与“疑问词,+to do”,能否转化？转化条件是什么？,开动脑筋想一想！,探讨结果,：,1.,首先，两者,可以转化。（,即“连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句复合句”可以转化成“疑问词,+to do”,作宾语的简单句。反之，亦可转化。）,2.,其次，转化需要条件。有三条，如下：,A.,引导词必须是,连接代词或连接副词,(,含,whether,).B.,宾语从句的主语必须与主句的主语,一致,或相互,包含,；或宾语从句的主语必须与间接宾语,一致,或相互,包含,。,C.,宾语从句应为,将来时态,。注：简单句,复合句,只须满足以上三个条件即可。,探讨结果,研究性练习,你能把下列复合句变为简单句，简单句变为复合句吗？,I dont know what I shall do next.,She hasnt decided where she will go tomorrow.,The old man doesnt know whether he will see,his son again.,Could you tell me how I,（,we,）,can go to the,railway station,？,I can tell you why we should go there.,Mary tells Tom when John will go to Beijing.,He showed me how to use a computer.,Alice didnt know how to draw horses well.,典型例句,宾语从句进行时,1.-What did your parents think about your decision?,-They always let me do-I think,I should.,A.when,B.that,C.how,D.what,2.I just wonder-that makes him so excited.,A.why,it does,B.what,he does,C.how,it is D.who it is,典型,练习,3.A computer can only do-you have,instroducted,it to do.,how B.after,C.what,D.that,4.Someone is ringing the,doorbell.Go,and see-.,A.who,is he,B.who,he is,C.who,is it,D.who,it is,5.-Look at what you are doing!,-,Ah,I,wonder-this boot wont fit,me.Ive,been trying to put it on the wrong foot.,A.how,B.if,C.why,D.that,6.His ability has never been in doubt,The question is-he is prepared to,work hard.,A.that,B.when,C.where,D.whether,7.-Are you still thinking about yes-,terdays,game?,-,Oh,thats,-.,A.what,makes me feel excited,B.whatever,I feel excited about,C.how I feel about it,D.when I feel excited,8.You cant imagine-when they received,these nice Christmas presents.,A.how excited they were,B.how they were excited,C.how were they excited,D.they were how excited,9.They make-a rule whoever breaks,the law will be punished.,A.it,B.that,C.this,D.what,10.You are saying that everyone should,be,equal,and,this is-I disagree.,A.Why,B.where,C.what,D.how,1-5DDCDC 6-10 DAAAB,拓展练习,单项选择,（,2005,陕西）,Could you tell me how,longthe,book,？,Three days.,A,I can keep B,can I borrow,C,I can borrow D.can I keep,（,2002,陕西）,Could you tell me,？,A,where would we meet,B,where shall we meet,C,where we shall meet,D,where are we going to meet,（,2006,陕西）,Could you please tell me,？,I live in,Yanan,.,A,where do you live,B,where you live,C,where were you born,D,where you were born,（,2003,陕西）,What does it mean when I put my finger,in front of my mouth to you,？,It means .,A,you want me to keep quiet,B,you ask me to speak loud,C,you take pride of me,D,you are afraid of me,（,2001,河南）,She said she would call back if she couldnt see you there.,A,that B,where,C,which D.what,（,2001,陕西）,Our head teacher saw the empty seat next to me and asked .,A,where has Tom gone,B,where did Tom go,C,where Tom has been,D,where Tom had gone,（,2000,陕西）,Do you know if he will come to play basketball with us next Sunday,？,I think he will come if he free tomorrow.,A,will be B,was C,is D,has been,（,2004,陕西）,Nobody noticed what the young man at that time.,A,did B,had done,C,will do D,was doing,（,2006,四川）,Can you tell me whom is waiting for,？,A,Her B,she C,her D,hers,Could you tell me when,？,A,did the accident happen,B,was the accident happened,C,the accident was happened,D,the accident happened,本节回顾：,宾语从句,1.,引导宾语从句的词：,A.,连词,B.,连接代词,C.,连接副词,.2.,宾语从句作三种情况的宾语：,A.,及物动词,B.,介词,C.,形容词,宾语从句的六注意：,1.,连接词,2.,语序,3.,时态,4.,标点符号,5.,否定转移,6.,附加疑问句,“含有连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句”与“疑问词,+to do”,结构互化的仨条件：,1.,疑问词,2.,从句主语,3.,将来时态,感谢光临,Thanks for your attending!,The Predicative Clause,引导表语从句的词有,连词,that,whether,连接代词,who,whom,whose,what,which,连接副词,when,where,how,why,等,.,还有,as if/as though,because,as,等,.,所有,引导宾语从句的连词（除,if,外）都可以引导表语从句，以及,as if/as though,as,because,等。,表语从句,在从句中作,表语,的从句称作,表语从句,它位于主句中的连系动词之后。,The Predicative Clause,that,引导的表语从句,that,仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是,对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。,e.g.,The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.,2.,whether,引导的表语从句,连接词,whether,起,连接作用，意为“,是否、究竟、到底,”（注意：,if,不能引导表语从句,),在句中也不作任何成分。,e.g.,The question is whether that man will turn up in time.,3.,what,which,who,whom,whose,引导的表语从句,连接代词,what,whichwho,whom,whose,除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、宾语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。,e.g.,Tom is no longer,what,he used to be.,The question is,which of us,should come first.,The problem is,who,is really fit for the hard job.,The important thing is,whose name,should be put on the top of the list.,4.,where,when,why,how,引导的表语从句,连接副词,where,when,why,how,除在句中起,连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。,e.g.Thats,where,I cant agree with you.,This is,why,Sara was late for the meeting.,This is,how,they overcome the difficulties.,My strongest memory is,when,I attended an American wedding.,China,is,no longer,what,she used to be.,The question,remains,whether,they will be able to help us.,He,looked,just,as,he had looked ten years before.,He,looked,just,as,he had looked ten years before.,Things,are,not,as,they seem to be.,It,sounds,as if,someone is knocking at the door.,This,is,because,he didnt understand me.,That,s,why,he got angry with me.,The reason why he was sad,was,that,he didnt understand me.,The problem,is,whom,we can get to replace her.,It,seems,(that),he was late for the train.,It,seems,to me,that,we should answer for this.,It,appears,that,she was wrong.,This,is,where,they once lived.,The question,is,how,he did it.,What I wonder,is,when,he left.,常用的系动词有,be,look,remain,seem,appear,become,等。,It,sounds,as if,someone is knocking at the door.,It,seems,(that),he was late for the train.,The question,remains,whether,they will be able to help us.,The problem,is,that,they cant get there early.,that whether as if,称为连词；,不作成分；,whether,表疑问；,that,表陈述。,The problem,is,who,is really fit for the hard job.,China,is,no longer,what,she used to be.,The question,is,which of us,should come first.,The problem,is,whom,we can get to replace her.,who whom which what,称为连接代词；,在从句中作成分。,表示特殊疑问意义,This,is,where,they once lived.,The question,ishow,he did it.,What I wonder,is,when,he left.,This,is,because,he didnt understand me.,That,s,why,he got angry with me.,when where how because why,称为连接副词；,在从句中作成分。,表示特殊疑问意义,注意,1,、,连词引导表语从句时，一般不能省略。,2,、,连词,if(,是否,),不能引导表语从句,只能用,whether,。,3.,引导表语从句时,必须用,that,的情况：,A.,主语是表示“结果”的名词,the result,时。,The result is that,many of them become fat.,B.,主语是表示“原因，理由”的名词,the reason,时。,The reason,why we dont trust him,is that,he often lies.,C.,由,why,引导的从句作主语时。,Why,we decided to put off the football match,is that,the,weather was too bad.,D,.,固定句型“,The truth is that-”,中，,that,不能换作其他,词，引导的表语从句说明实际情况，相当于,“,The fact,is that-”,意为,“,实际是,-”.,The truth is that I havent seen her for ages.,1,4.,连词,because,引导表语从句通常用于,“,This/That/It is/,was because-,”,结构中,.,Thats,because,he didnt understand me,.5.,that,和,what,引导的表语从句的区别：,what,代替,the,thing(s)that,“,所,-,的东西、样子”,作成分。,Her wish is that she could lose weight soon.,Thats what he said.,6.,because,和,why,引导表语从句的区别：,Thats why-,那就是,-,的原因,(,强调结果,）,Thats because-,那是因为,-,（,强调原因,）,The reason is that-,原因是,-,Thats,why,he got angry with me.,The reason,why I was sad,was that,he didnt understand me.,I think it is,because,you are too serious.,I got wet through.That was,because,I had no umbrella.,7.,表语从句中的虚拟语气,A.,当主语是表示命令、建议、计划，劝告等含义的名词时，,表语从句的谓语动词须用,should do,型虚拟语气形式，,should,可省略。,这些名词常见的有,advice,（忠告），,decision,（决定,),demand,（要求,),desire,（渴望）,idea,（想法）,necessity,（必要性）,order,（命令,),plan,（计划,),proposal,（建议,),recommendation(,推荐,),，,request,requirement(,要求,),suggestion(,建议,),等。,His,proposal,is that we,(should),turn off TV for half an hour,every day.,My suggestion is that we(,should)go,and help him without,delay.,Our only request is that this(,should)be,settled as soon as,possible.,B.,在由,as if,或,as though,引导的表语从句中，用,were/did,型虚拟语气表示所陈述的内容与,现在事实或情况相反,用,had done,型虚拟语气表示与,过去事实或情况相反,。,It seems as if it were spring already.,The village looks as though it had been deserted,for years,.,It looks as if it is going to rain.,All this was over twenty years,ago,but,its as if it were only yesterday.,5.,其他连词,as if,because,as,as though,引导的表语从句,because,引导表语从句通常只用于,“,This/That/It is because”,结构中。,as if/though,引导的表语从句常置于连系动词,look,seem,sound,be,become,等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。,e.g.,It sounds,as if/though,somebody was knocking at the door.,My anger is,because,you havent written to me for a long time.,1.Go and get your coat.Its_you left it.A.there B.where C.there were D.where there,2.The problem is_ he has enough time.A.if B.whether C./D.that,3.He made a promise_ he would help me.A.what B.when C.that D.which,4.I remember_ this used to be a quiet village.A.how B.when C.where D.what,5.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wher