高考英语情态动词课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,情 态 动 词,情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为,“,可能,”,、,“,应当,”,、,“,必要,”,等等，但本身词义不完全，不能单独作谓语，必须和不带,to,的动词不定式,(ought,除外,),连用。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。,1.can/could,1),表示,“,能力,”、“,许可,”、“,可能性,”、“,惊异,、,不相信,”,（此义主要用于疑问句、否定句、感叹句中）等。在口语中，,can,可以代替,may,表示许可，而,may,比较,正式,。,The theatre,can seat2500 people.,You,can go,now.,He said I,could borrow,his bike.,She asked whether she,could take,the books out of the room.,How,can,you,be,so careless!,（能力）,（许可）,（许可）,（可能性）,（惊异）,2)could,可以代替,can,，表示,委婉,的,语气,。,Could,I,use,your dictionary?,（注意：回答这样的问题不用,could,，须用,can,）,I,could,come,earlier,if necessary3)can,和,be able to,在表示能力这一点上是同义词，意义差别不大，只是,be able to,可有各种时态变化。,No one,is able to do,it.,I,havent been able to find,the book.,凡表示,“,经过努力，设法做成某事,”,时，不用,can,，须,用,be able to,.,No one can do it.,The fire spread through the hotel very quickly,but everyone,was able to get,out.,4),表示,“推测”,，,主要用于,否定句,，,后跟不定式的,一般式,、,进行式,，,表示对,现在,的推测；后跟不定式的,完成式,，,表示对,过去,的推测。意思是：,不可能,，,一定不,，,准不,：,He,cant/couldnt be reading,there.,He,cant be,such a dishonest man.,She,couldnt have said,so.,could+,完成式,，,也可用来表示,责备,的语气，意为“（过去）,本来能够,，（而实际上却未,）”,You,could have been,more careful.,We,could have told,him earlier.,2.may/might,1),表示,允许,或,征询,对方,许可,，有,“可以”,的意思。用作此义时，否定形式可用,may not,但在表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”等意思时，常用,must not(mustnt).,You,may go,now.,May,I,watch,TV after supper?,Yes,you,may,./No,you,mustnt,.,有时为使语气,婉转,一些，可以用下面的方式回答这种问题：,Yes,please.,Please dont.,2),表示,可能性,，有,“或许”,、,“可能”,之意，用,might,语气更加,不肯定,。后跟,一般式,、,进行式,，指,现在,；后跟,完成式,，指,过去,。,She,may not be,there today.,He,might have,some fever.,They,may/might have missed,the last bus.,表示此义时，,不能,用在,疑问句,中。,Certainly.,No,youd better not.,用于,否定句,，表示“,可能不,”、“,或许不,”，务必注意其和,can/could,用于否定句意思上的差别：,If I am busy,I,may/might not go,.,He,may/might not have known,it.,比较：,He,cant have known,it.,3.must,ought to,should,1)must,表示,必须,要做的事，意为：必须，应该；否定式：,mustnt,，表示“,不应该,”、“,不许可,”、,“禁止”,等。,We,must do,everything step by step.,You,mustnt talk,like that.,在回答由,must,引起的问题时，如果是,否定,的答复，不能用,mustnt,（一定不要，不能），而要用,neednt,/,dont have to,（不必）：,Must,I,be,home before eight oclock?,Yes,you,must,.,No,you,neednt,./No,you,dont have to,.,2)must,表示,推测,，只用在,肯定,句中，后跟,一般式,、,进行式,表示对,现在,的推测；后跟,完成式,表示对,过去,的推测，意即：“,一定,，,准,”等：,There,must be,a mistake.,He,must be sleeping,at this time of day.,No one answered the phone.They,must have,already,gone,out.,His watch,must have stopped,.I will go and call him.,We,must have been playing,tennis in the park when you called.,在表示“必须”这个意思时，,must,和,have to,是很接近的，在过去时、将来时、完成时中，用,have to,来代替,must,。在现在时中，,must,和,have to,常表示相同的意义，但,have to,比较强调,客观,的需要，,must,着重说明,主观,的义务或必要；口语中较常用,have to,：,We,must,/,have,to,leave,now.,We,must stay,home,mustnt we?,He,had to stop,smoking because his girl friend didnt like it.,You,ll,have,to,go,there alone.,3)ought to,表示,应该,做的事情（和,should,差不多，只是,口气,稍重一些）或,非常可能,的事。,You,ought to follow,your fathers advice.,Oughtnt,we,to,give,him a chance to try?,There is a fine sunset,it,ought to be,a fine day tomorrow.,表示应该做的事情时，,should,是,ought to,的同义词，大多数情况下，含义大致相同但也有一些差别：,ought to,更多反映,客观,情况，在表示因,责任,、,义务,、,规定,等该做的事情时使用；在表示某件事宜于做时，多用,should,（谈的是自己的,主观,看法）。下面句中这两个词不宜换用：,You are his father.You,ought to take,care of him.,We,ought to go,and see Mary tomorrow,but I dont think we will.,We,should not use,too many big words in our everyday speech.,should/ought to have done,You,should have come,to attend the meeting,but you didnt.,Look what you have done.You,should,not,have,been,so,careless.,You,ought,not,to,have,taken,the book out of the reading-room.,4.need,可以作,情态,动词，意为：,需要,，主要用于,否定,句和,疑问句,。,Need,you,go,so soon?,Yes,I,must,.,No,I,neednt,.,Thats all settled.Itneednt,be,talked,about.,I dont think you,need,worry,.,Now there,need,be,no discussion about this question.,如果用作,vt,和不定式连用，可用于,各种结构,：,Does,he,need,to,know,it?,This question,needs to be discussed,.,You,dont need to do,it yourself.,（这种否定形式较文气，口语中用,neednt,更多一些）,need not+,完成式,You,neednt have done,so.,Weneednt have got,up so early.,5.dare,也可用作,情态,动词，作,“,敢,”,解，主要用于,疑问句,、,否定,句和,条件句,。,How,dare,you,say,Im unfair?,She,dare not say,what she thinks.,I wont allow you to jump over the rock,even if you,dare do,it.,但现在用作,vt,的时候更多一些，可以跟不定式，用于,各种结构,。,I wonder how he,dared to do,such a thing.,He,has,never,dared to tell,his father about it.,She stopped at the door,not,daring to enter,.,间或有这样的句子（不定式不带,to,）,He,did not dare speak,before the class.,He,does not dare ask,the teacher questions.,除了在,I dare say,这种习语中，,dare,很少,在,肯定,结构中作,情态,动词。,6.shall,shall,作为,情态,动词，用于,第二,、,三,人称，表示说话人的,意愿,，有,“命令”,、,“警告”,、,“威胁”,、,“强制允诺”,等意思。,You,shall do,as I say.,Tell him that he,shall,have,the book tomorrow.,You naughty boy!You,shall get,what you deserve.,No,he,shant go,.,用在,问句,中,征求,对方,意见,和,指示,，用于,第一,、,第三,人称：,Shall,I,open,the window?,What,shall,we,do,next?,命令,允诺,强制,警告,Shall,he,come,to see you?,CP:,Will,he,come,to see you7.will/would,1)will,表示,“意志”,、,“意愿”,，用于,各种人称,：,I,will tell,you all about it.,He,wont go,.,甚至在,条件句,中也可用：,If you,will allow,me,Ill see you home.,2)will,用于,疑问句,，表示,请求,、,邀请,，用于,第二,人称：,Will,you please,give,him a message when you see him?,他可以来看你吗,?,他将会来看你吗？,Wont,you,sit,down?,3)will,也可表示某种,倾向,或,习惯性,动作，有,总是”,、,“惯于”,之意：,Fish,will,die,out of water.,He,ll,talk,for hours if you give him the chance.,No matter what you may say,he,will,always,stick,to his own views.,Whats the matter with the door?It,wont,lock,.,4)would,是,will,的过去式，表示,过去,时间的“,意志,”、“,愿望,”，用于,各种人称,：,I promised that I,would do,my best.,They,would not let,Tom in because he was a black boy.,5)would,表示说话人的,意愿,或,请求,，语气比,will,婉转,（指现在时间）：,Would,you,like,some bananas?,I,d,like,to see your new dictionary.,6)would,表示,过去,的,习惯,动作或一种,倾向,：,She,would sit,like that for hours.,Every day he,would get,up at six and light the fire.,He told me the box,wouldnt open,.,