科研论文的构思、撰写和发表.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,科研论文的构思、撰写和发表,医学神经生物学国家重点实验室,神经生物学系,54237522,治道楼909、911,lanma,shmu,.,edu,.,cn,马 兰,预 告,鲁白教授,：,How to publish your papers in the top scientific journals,本周三下午,2,点（,306,教室）,秦伯益院士,：,（谈科研创新问题）,10,月,10,日（星期四）下午,2,点（,306,教室）,Why?,为什么要撰写和发表论文？,What?,什么是科学研究论文？定义,特点,结构,How?,如何撰写科研论文？,Why?,为什么要撰写和发表科研论文？,基础研究的成果以论文形式表现,发表论文的质量与数量是衡量科研工作者水平和效率的客观标准,Publish or Perish!,Why?,为什么要撰写和发表科研论文？,研究结果只有发表了，他人才能重复、验证，结果才可能成为知识,撰写和发表论文是科研工作的最后一道工序,科学研究的目的是发表,Why?,为什么要撰写和发表科研论文？,科学研究的关键是可重复性、可被他人验证,科研工作者必须提供书面材料让同行知道他做了什么、为什么这样做、怎样做的、发现了什么？,科研工作者不仅要“,做,”研究，而且要“,写,”研究,Why?,为什么要开设科研论文构思、撰写和发表课程？,博士应具有构思、撰写和发表论文的能力,研究生院要求博士研究生发表,SCI,论文,研究生及部分导师缺乏科学交流技巧、“写”科学的训练,因此增加了博士论文的工作难度、影响了研究生培养的质量,课程的目的,知道,What is a good paper,掌握构思要点、基本撰写方法和技巧,提高分析和表达结果的能力,避免常见错误,提高论文的可读性,了解论文的投稿、评阅和发表过程,增加论文被高影响力刊物接受的机率,主要内容,创新性,选题,撰写要点,结果的表达,投稿和评阅,常见错误,口头报告,实验记录,学位论文,综述,基金申请,学术道德,What?,什么是科学论文？,公开,发表的、描述,新,研究结果的书面报告；必须按,一定的方式,撰写和发表,首次出版：,新研究结果的首次公布,以同行能够重复实验、验证结论的形式发表,发表在同行很容易得到的刊物上或其它媒介（同行评议杂志）上,科研论文写作的要求,条理清楚，摆事实、讲道理,语言简单、平实、明确、直接,容易被理解和接受,正确、准确地使用英语,vetral,/ventricle;casual/causal,用最少、最短的词,科学论文的基本结构,I,ntroduction,M,ethods,R,esults,a,nd,D,iscussion(,IMRAD,),I,:What and why?,研究什么问题？为什么研究这个问题？,M,：,How?,如何研究的？,R,：,What?,发现了什么？,D,：,What?,发现意味着什么？,标 题,重要性,体现创新点,包含所有关键词（检索）,吸引人,用动词、句子,采用动词（,1,）,Hippocampal,long-term,potentiation,is reduced,by chronic opiate treatment and can be restored by re-exposure to opiates.,J.,Neurosci,.,Heterologous,activation of protein kinase C,stimulates,phosphorylation,of,d,-opioid receptor at serine 344 and this,results,in,b,-,arrestin,-and,clathrin,-mediated receptor internalization.,J,Biol Chem,Anti-HIV agent,trichosanthin,enhances,the capabilities of,chemokines,to stimulate,chemotaxis,and G protein activation and this,is mediated,through interaction of,trichosanthin,and,chemokine,receptor,.,J Exp Med,采用动词（,2,）,Divalent,cations,and,ligands,induce,conformational changes that are highly divergent among,b,1,integrins,.,J,Biol Chem,Inhibition of,CamK,II in rat hippocampus,attenuates,morphine tolerance and dependence.,Mol,Pharmacol,.,Chemokine,receptor CCR5 functionally,couples,to inhibitory G proteins and,undergoes,desensitization.,J Cell,Biochem,Carboxyl terminus of delta opioid receptor,is required,for agonist-dependent receptor,phosphorylation,.,Biochem Biophys Res Commun,采用动词（,3,）,N-methyl-D-,aspartate,attenuates,opioid receptor-mediated G protein activation and this process,involves,protein kinase C.,Mol,Pharmacol,.,Endogenous delta-opioid and ORL1 receptors,couple,to,phosphorylation,and activation of p38 MAPK in NG108-15 cells and this,is regulated,by protein kinase A and protein kinase C.,J,Neurochem,Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate,receptor,attenuates,acute responsiveness of delta-opioid receptors.,Mol,Pharmacol,Cholecystokinin,-B receptor antagonists,attenuate,morphine dependence and withdrawal in rats.,Neuroreport,采用词组,Identification,of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2,phosphorylation,sites responsible for agonist-stimulated delta-opioid receptor,phosphorylation,.,Mol,Pharmacol,Differential roles,of,corticotropin,-releasing factor receptor subtypes 1 and 2 in opiate withdrawal and in relapse to opiate dependence.,Identification,of a human brain-specific,isoform,of mammalian STE20-like kinase 3 that is regulated by,cAMP,-dependent protein kinase.,J,Biol Chem,Selective interference,of,b,-,arrestin,1 with,k,and,d,but not,m,opioid,receptor/G protein coupling.,J,Biol,Chem,.,Differential and tissue-,spesific,expression,of,mitochondrial,elongation factor,Tu,and Ts during development.,Acta Bioch,Bioph,Sin,Differential,efficacies,of,k,agonists to induce homologous desensitization of,k,opioid receptor.,Neurosci Lett,采用词组（冒号）,Reactivation of morphine conditioned place preference by drug priming,:,role of environmental cues and sensitization.,Psychopharmacology,Five-,transmembrane,domain structure is sufficient for a G protein coupled receptor,:,Functional five-,transmembrane,domain,chemokine,receptors.,Proc,Natl Acad Sci,USA,.,Etorphine,inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in SK-N-SH cells,:,involvement of,pertussis,toxin-sensitive G proteins.,Neurosci Res,Retardation of pain development:a case of recovery from congenital insensitivity to pain.,Acta Anaesthesiol,Scand,类似的研究（,1,）,Differential regulation of beta-,arrestin,1 and beta-,arrestin,2 gene expression in rat brain by morphine.,Neuroscience,Acute and chronic morphine treatments and morphine withdrawal differentially regulate GRK2 and GRK5 gene expression in rat brain.,Neuropharmacology,类似的研究（,2,）,Direct and differential interaction of beta-arrestins with the intracellular domains of different opioid receptors.,Mol,Pharmacol,Direct binding of beta-arrestins to two distinct intracellular domains of the delta opioid receptor.,JNeurochem,类似的研究（,3,）,Functional expression,activation and desensitization of opioid receptor-like receptor ORL,1,in,neuroblastoma,x,glioma,NG108-15 hybrid cells.,FEBS,Lett,Endogenous opioid receptor-like receptor in human,neuroblastoma,SK-N-SH cells:activation of inhibitory G-protein and homologous desensitization.,Neuroreport,Not so good(1),Mechanistic studies of the,translational,elongation cycle in mammalian mitochondria.,Biochim Biophys,Acta,Molecular characterization and functional expression of opioid receptor-like receptor.,Cell Res,.,Functional expression of opioid receptor-like receptor and its endogenous specific agonist,nociceptin,/,orphanin,FQ during,embryogenesis,.,Cell,Res,Not so good(2),Identification and characterization of large,complex forms of chloroplast,translational,initiation factor 2 from Euglena,gracilis,.,J,Biol Chem,Immunological,characterization of the complex forms of chloroplast,translational,initiation factor 2 from Euglena,gracilis,J,Biol Chem,作者和作者单位,作者,：设计和执行实验、对论文有重要、创造性贡献的人,作者排序,：按贡献大小,作者对所做的工作负责、通讯作者对全文负责,作者单位,：作者做论文所描述的研究工作的实验室（不同于作者的单位）,摘 要,缩写的论文,150,250,词,关键的创新点和意义,