四级基础语法.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,虚拟语气,:,在条件句子中的运用,条件从句,结果主句,与现在事实相反,动词过去式（,were,）,would+,动词原形,与过去事实相反,had+,过去分词,would+have+,过去分词,与现在事实相反,1,一般过去式,2,were+,不定式,3,should+,动词原形,would/should+,动词原形,If I knew the answers to all your questions,I would be a genius.,Jack would have died if the doctors hadnt operated on him timely.,If she were to marry Jack,she would be happy.,（,1,）条件句中有,were,had,should,could,时，可以省略,if,，而把,were,had,should,could,放在主句前，用倒装结构，这种用法主要用语书面语中。,Were it necessary,I might resign.,Had you informed me earlier,I wouldnt have signed the contract.,Should I have time,I would call on her.,Could you meet Mary,you should not be able to recognize her.,Were they to get married,they would be happy,.,条件从句中不可以用,would,否则就是语病。,If he would have come yesterday,I should have told him.,If he had come yesterday,I should have told him.,错综时间条件句,/,混合式虚拟语气,Had I taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning,I should not be wet now.,If you had spoken to him last time you saw him,you would know what to do now.,If I were you,I wouldnt have missed the film last night.,If the criminal were honest,he would have made a clean breast of the whole thing long ago.,无条件的虚拟语气,表示“无条件”的词有：,with,without,but for,or,but,otherwise,even,in case of,what if.,But for(=if it were not for)your help we couldnt have succeeded.,They wouldnt have reached the agreement so easily without(if it were not for.)that common ground.,With better equipment,we could have done it better.,Given more time,we would do it better.,虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用,虚拟语气用在,suggest,order,demand,等后的宾语从句中,He determined that she would go at once.,They intended that news should be suppressed.,I prefer that you not eat the meat.,She insisted that the seats should be booked in advance.,虚拟语气用在,important,necessary,等后的从句中,Urgent,essential,appropriate,desirable,vital,advisable,better,keen,fitting,right,good,proper,careful,funny,pitiful,resolved,eager anxious,concerned,ridiculous,unthinkable,可以构成句型“,it is+adj./n.+that”,有些词要用“,I am+adj.+that”,用,should+be,句型,It is necessary that some immediate effort should be made.,It is essential that the program should be loaded into computer.,He is careful that nobody should know about the secret.,it is(high/about)time,句型,这时，谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。,It is high time that we were off.,It is time that we went to bed.,It is time that somebody taught you to behave yourself.,在,for fear that,in order that,so that,lest,引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词一般用虚拟语气,should/could/might+,动词原形,在以,lest,引导的从句中，谓语动词用,(should)+,动词原形。,He reminded her twice of it lest she should forget.,He kept quiet lest he(should)disturb her.,I will not make a noise for fear(that)I should/might disturb you.,I did this so that I might have a couple of weeks to prepare my paper.,I have come all the way here in order that you should understand me.,would rather,would sooner,had better,would as soon,just as soon,后的句子用虚拟语气,接动词原形，指现在或将来时间，表示一种主观愿望或选择,I would rather do it today.,He would sooner die than surrender.,Hed rather not go dancing tonight.,接不定式完成式，表示过去的某种选择不恰当,I d rather not have told her the news.She is such a gossip.,Id rather have stayed at home than went to the dull film.,接从句，用虚拟语气，表示现在或将来的愿望时，用一般过去式，表示一个过去的愿望时，用过去完成式。,Id rather you paid the money yourself.,Id soon you didnt do anything about it for the time being.,I would sooner she painted the wall green next time.,Id rather she hadnt done that.,条件句的其他表示法,1.As(so)long as,真实性条件从句,You may borrow the book so long as you return it in one week.,2.on condition that“,在,条件下”，陈述语气或虚拟语气均可。,The guards allow the tourists to go into the woods on condition that they do/should do no harm to the animals.,3.given that,真实条件，用陈述语气,Given that he doesnt agree to do it,we shall go it alone.,4.if it were not for“,如果没有,”,表示与现在事实相反，主句用,should,型虚拟语气。,If it were not for the rain,the crops should/would become withered.,If it had not been for“,如果当时没有,”,表示与过去事实相反。,If it had not been for your timely help,I would have gone bankrupt.,5.assuming that,真实条件，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气。,Assuming(that)we cant get loan,what shall we do?,6.in the event that,同上,In then event that Harry rejects the proposal,what will she do?,7.suppose that,既可以表示真实条件，用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气，表示对现在或将来的假设。,Suppose/supposing that it rains,we wont go out.(,下雨的可能性大,),Suppose/supposing that it rained,we shouldnt go out.(,对将来的假设,),Suppose/supposing that there were no gravitational force,objects would not fall to the ground when dropped (,对现在情况的假设,),8,Provide that/providing that,表示真实条件,She was prepared to come,provided/providing that she might bring her children.,He was willing to give the job to me provided that I could assure him I could do it well.,9,Unless,既可以做真实性条件，,=if not.,也可以做非真实性条件句，,=butif,或,except on condition that,I couldnt get a grant unless I had five years teaching experience.(=if I did not have),Unless you had done it earlier,you would have failed.(=if you had not done.),I couldnt have bought it unless I had had enough money.,in case,引导的句子既可以用陈述语气，又可以用 虚拟语气，由,should,构成，,should,可以省略。,The games will be postponed in case it snows.(,可能性更大,),The games will be postponed in case it(should)snow.,（可能性小）,