名词性从句精讲精练[课件].ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语法复习三：,名词性从句,Complex,Sentences,Noun Clause,(,名词性从句,),Attributive Clause,（定语从句）,Adverbial Clause,（状语从句）,1.Chinas manned spacecraft,Shenzhou,will be launched on September 25,2008.,2.China,s manned spacecraft,Shenzhou,will be launched on September 25,2008,which excites the whole nation.,3.We are all excited at the news,that China,s manned spacecraft Shenzhou-7 will be launched on September 25,2008.,4.We were all excited,when we heard Chinas manned spacecraft,Shenzhou,would be launched on September 25,2008.,Sentence Analysis,（,Simple sentence,）,（,Attributive clause,）,（,Appositive clause/Noun clause,）,（,Adverbial clause,）,Noun Clauses,Subject Clause,(,主语从句,),Predicative Clause,（表语从句）,Appositive Clause,（同位语从句）,Object Clause,（宾语从句）,Conjunctions of Noun Clauses:,从属连词,连接代词,连接副词,what,who,whom,whose,which,who(m)ever,whatever,whichever,that,whether,if,as if/as though,(,表语从句,),when,where,how,why,whenever,Wherever,however,名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。,（一）引导名词性从句的连接词,1,、连接代词：,who,whose,whom,what,which,等，有词义，在从句中,担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。,2,、连接副词：,when,where,why,how,等，有词义，在从句中担任成,分，作状语。,3,、连接词：,that,whether,if,as if,as though,that,无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；,if(whether),as if,虽有词,义，但在从句中不担任成分。,注意,：,连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词,whether,和,if,（是否），,as if,（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，,whether,、,if,和,as if,都用不上时，才用,that,作连接词（,that,本身无任何含义）。,（二）主语从句,1,、主语从句在复合句作主语。,e.g.Who will go is not important.,2,、用,it,作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。,e.g.It doesn,t matter so much whether you will come or,not.,3,、,that,引导主语从句时，不能省略。,e.g.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us,surprised.,三）表语从句,1,、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。,e.g.The question was who could go there.,2,、引导表语从句的连接词,that,有时可省去。,e.g.My idea is(that)we can get more comrades to,help in the work.,（四）宾语从句,1,、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词,that,一般可省略。,e.g.I hope(that)everything is all right.,2,、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用,which,或,if,连接，要分别用,what,或,whether,。,e.g.,I,m interested in whether you,ve finished the work.,I,m interested in what you,ve said.,3,、,whether,与,if,都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。,宾语从句是否定句时，只用,if,，不用,whether,。,e.g.I wonder if it doesn,t rain.,用,if,会引起误解，就要用,whether,。,e.g.Please let me know whether you want to go.,（此句如果把,whether,改成,if,，容易当成条件句理解）,宾语从句中的,whether,与,or not,直接连用，就不能换成,if,；不直接连,用，可换。,e.g.,I don,t know whether or not the report is true.,I don,t know whether/if the report is true or not.,介词后的宾语从句要用,whether,引导。,whether,可与不定式连用。,whether,也可引导放在句首的主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成,if,。但引导条件从句时，只能用,if,，而不能用,whether,。,e.g.,It depends on whether we have enough time.,They don,t know whether to go there.,Please come to see me if you have time.,（五）同位语从句,同位语从句在句中作某一抽象名词的同位语，一般位于该抽象名词（如：,news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise,等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。,e.g.,I have no idea when he will be back.,The fact that he had not said anything surprised,everybody.,1.,What we saw in the Olympics,was encouraging.,2.It is exciting,that,Zhong,Man won a gold medal in the Olympics,.,3.,Matang,Middle School is not,what it used to be,.,4.We sincerely hope,that the baby can recover from his illness soon.,5.His suggestion,that we should act at once,is practical.,(subject Clause,）,（,subject Clause,）,(,Predicative Clause),(Object Clause,）,(Appositive Clause),Identify the function of the underlined part,Work in groups and discuss the following items:,1.,名词性从句的语序，时态和语气,2.,What,与,that,的用法区别,3.,that,在哪些情况下不可以省略,4.,whether,与,if,的用法区别,5.Whoever,whatever,whichever,与,no matter who,no,matter what ,no matter which,的区别,6.,同位语从句与定语从句的区别,7.It,作形式主语和形式宾语,名词性从句的重点与难点,Tomorrow is Toms birthday.Have you got any idea _?,2008,高考陕西卷,where is the party to be held,where the party is to be held,if a party is to be held,whether is a party to be held,名词性从句的语序必须是,_,。,语序,陈述语序,（,1,）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：,Hello,I didnt know you were in London.How long have you been hereThe teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.,（,2,）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由,and,连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：,When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.,When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.,When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.,时态,名词性从句中的虚拟语气,A,、宾语从句中的虚拟语气,在动词,suggest,order,demand,request,desire,insist,require,decide,determine,advise,recommend,deserve(,值得提及,),后需用,should,型的虚拟语气。,考题点击：,The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock.,A.finished B.be finished C.should finish D.finish,2.-What did the doctor say about your mothers illness?,-He suggested that she _ an operation at once.,A.must haveB.hadC.haveD.had had,B,C,B,、主语从句中的虚拟语气,基本句型：,It is suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted,；,+(should)do,It is important,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,imperative,It is a pity,a shame,no wonder,考题点击：,1.Is it necessary that he _ the examination?,A.takesB.has to takeC.must takeD.take,2.It is strange that he _ you this.,A.would tell B.should tell C.had told D.has told,D,B,C,、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气,在,suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice,等名词后面,的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（,should,）,+,动,词原形。,My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.I make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.,考题点击：,His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable.,A.try B.tries C.must try D.can try,A,_,是连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，,而,_,是连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语，宾语，表语。,_ was most important to her,she told me,was her family.,2008,高考山东卷,A.It B.This C.What D.As,Its thirty years since we last met.,But I still remembered the story,believe it or not,_ we got,lost on a rainy night.2006,高考四川卷,A.which B.that C.what D.when,what&that,that,what,1)He is a good student,except that,he is a little bit,careless.,2)He is different from his classmates,in that,he,devoted his spare time to reading.,关于,that,的省略,1.,在,_,从句中，,that,不可省略,主语、同位语、表语,2.,在宾语从句通常可以省略，但在下面三种情况下，,that,不可省略,He said(that)the meeting was very important and,that,we should take part in it.,I think it necessary,that,we should increase our,awareness of environmental protection.,whether&if,1,）,_,从句中表示“是否”,必须用,whether,（主语从句中，,it,作形式主语时，可用,if),主语、表语、同位语,2),宾语从句中一般情况下,whether,与,if,可以通用，但在以下情况下不能用,if,，只能用,whether:,a.,介词后,c.,其后紧跟,or not,b.,其后跟不定式,d.,引导让步状语从句,1.The question is,whether,the film is worth seeing.,2.We didnt know,whether,or,not she was ready.,3.It depends on,whether,they will support us.,4.He doesnt know,whether,to stay or leave.,5.,Whether,you like it or not,you must do it well.,Whoever,whatever,whichever,与,no matter who,no matter what,no matter which,的区别,_ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national,championships.2006,山东卷,A.No matter which B.No matter what C.Whichever D.Whatever,Ill treasure _ you give me.,A.that B.no matter what C.whatever D.no matter which,_season it is,the man always wears his,funny-looking hat.,Whatever/No matter what,1,）,The news _ our football team won the,match was really encouraging.,2,）,The news _ we heard on,the radio was not true,.,_,是形容词性的从句,它与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系。,_,是名词性从句，是对前面名词作进一步的补充性解释说明。,同位语从句与定语从句的区别,that,(that/which),定语从句,同位语从句,Fill in the blanks:,1.It surprised us _ he failed once again.,2._ surprised us was that he failed once again.,3.It makes no difference _you treated me .,_ team will win is hard to say.,_ breaks the rule will be punished.,6.The question is _he is getting along well with his work.,7.He looked _ he was going to cry.,8.The reason is _ he lacks social experience.,9.His delay is due to the fact _ the car went wrong halfway.,10.I have no idea _ he lives.,11.Do you doubt _ he will get the first prize?,12.I wonder _ he will support our proposal.,13.He made it clear to the public _he would quit his job.,14.A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.,Fill in the blanks with proper conjunctions:,that,how,What,whether,Which,Whoever,that,as,if,/though,where,that,Whether/if,that,what,that/why/how,1.,That she wants to know is when the party will be held.,2.He will give up his job surprises all of us.,3.No matter who did it should be responsible for it.,4.If the meeting will be held this afternoon is not known yet.,5.I dont care what do they think of me.,6.,The reason why he was late was because he was caught in a traffic jam.,7.I doubt that he has the ability to do it well.,8.After that seemed a long time,he came to himself.,9.He said he was wrong and he wanted to make an apology to us.,10.He expressed his hope he would visit China again.,Correct the following sentences:,(work in pairs),1.,That she wants to know is when the party will be held.,2.He will give up his job surprises all of us.,3.No matter who did it should be responsible for it.,4.If the meeting will be held this afternoon is not known yet.,5.I dont care what do they think of me.,Correct the following sentences:,What,Whoever,they,Whether,That he,6.,The reason why he was late was because he was caught in,a traffic jam.,7.I doubt that he has the ability to do it well.,8.After that seemed a long timehe came to himself.,9.He said he was wrong and he wanted to make an apology to us.,10.He expressed his hope he would visit China again.,that,whether,what,that,that,1.,What,she wants to know is when the party will be held.,2.,That,he will give up his job surprises all of us.,3.,Whoever,did it should be responsible for it.,4.,Whether,the meeting will be held this afternoon is not known yet.,5.I dont care,what they think of me,.(,语序,),6.,The reason why he was late was,that,he was caught in a traffic jam.,7.I doubt,whether,he has the ability to do it well.,8.After,what,seemed a long time,he came to himself.,9.He said he was wrong and,that,he wanted to make an apology to us.,10.He expressed his hope,that,he would visit China again.,Read the following sentences,and pay attention to the,underlined part.,1.,让他父母感到自豪的是他的学习取得了很大的进步。（主语从句、表语从句）,2.,这个计划是否会顺利实施现在仍然保密。（主语从句）,3.,毫无疑问，北京奥运会给全世界人民留下了深刻的印象。（同位语从句）,4.,汶川大地震中大约有,7,万人遇难 的报道让我们每人深感悲痛。（同位语从句）,5.,我想知道到底是什么使你变得如此坚强和勇敢。（宾语从句、强调句型）,Translation,What makes his parents proud is that he has made great progress in his lessons.,It remains a secret whether the plan will be carried out smoothly.,There is no doubt that the Beijing Olympic Games have impressed the world deeply.,Every one of us felt sad at the report that about 70 thousand people were killed in the,Wenchuan,earthquake.,I wonder what it is that makes you so strong and brave.,练习：名词性从句,一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：,1.China is no longer what it used to be.,2.The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.,3.It was snowing when he arrived at the station.,4.How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.,5.The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.,6.The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.,7.That is where Lu Xun used to live.,8.He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.,9.Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?,10.I wonder why she refused my invitation.,表语从句,同位语从句,不是,主语从句,同位语从句,不是,表语从句,宾语从句,不是,宾语从句,答案,二、用适当的连词填空：,1.I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy.,2.Thats _ he refused my invitation.,3.I am very interested in _ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.,4._ we need is more time.,5.The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.,6._ and _ they will meet has not been decided yet.,7.Please tell me _ you are waiting for.,8.Is that _ you are looking for?,9.Would you please tell me _ the nearest post office is?,10.I dont know _ he will agree to the plan or not.,which,why,how,What,that,when,where,who(m),what,where,whether,答案,三、选择填空：,1.Do you see _ I mean?,A.that B./C.how,2.Tell me_ is on your mindA.that C.which D.why,3.We must stick to _ we have agreed on.,B.thatC./D.how,4.Let me see _.,A.that can I repair the radio,C.I can repair the radioD.whether can I repair the radio,5.Keep in mind _.,A.that the teacher saidB.what did the teacher say,C.that did the teacher say,答案,D.what,B.what,A.what,B.whether-I can repair the radio,D.what the teacher said,6.Could you advise me _?,A.which book should I read firstB.what book should I read first,C.that book 1 should read first,7.He was criticized for _.,he had done it,C.what had he done D.that he had done it,8.Would you kindly tell me _?,A.how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station,C.where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station,D.whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station,9.Mrs.Smith was very much impressed by _.,A.what had she seen in ChinaB.that she had seen in China,D.which had she seen in China,D.which book I should read first,B.what he had done,B.how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station,C.what she had seen in China,答案,10.We took it for granted _,B.that were they not coming,C.they were coming notD.were they not coining,11.I really dont know _,A.I should do nextB.what should I do next,D.how I should do next,12.Im afraid _.,B.that will the little girl have to operate on,C.the little girl will have to operate on,D.that will the little girl have to be operated on,13.She walked up to _.,A.where did I stand,C.I stood there D.where I stood there,A.that they were not coming,C.what I should do next,A.the little girl will have to be operated on,B.where I stood,答案,14.Can you tell me _?,A.who is that gentlemanB.that gentleman is who,D.whom.is that gentleman,15.Well give you _.,A.that do you needB.what do you need,D.whether do you need,16.They want us to know _ to help us.,A.what can they C.how they can D.how can they,17.We must put _ into practice.,B.that we have learned,C.that have we learnedD.what have we learned,答案,C.who that gentleman is,C.whatever you need,B.what they can,A.what we have learned,18.Did she say anything about _?,A.that the work was to be doneB.how was the work to be done,C.that was the work to be done,19.He was never satisfied with _.,B.had what she achieved,C.she had achievedD.that she achieved,20.These photographs will show you _.,A.what does our village look like,C.how does our village look likeD.how our village looks like,21.Peter insisted _ he pay the bill.,A.on thatB.whatD.on which,D.how the work was to be done,A.what she had achieved,B.what our village looks like,C.that,答案,22.They urged _ the library open during the vacation.,A.whenB.whereC.why,23.We wish we could have learned _ when we were at high school.,B.that you had done,C.that what you did D.what did you do,24.1 will describe to you _ I saw when there,.,B.thatC.which D./,25.From _ I should say he is a good worker.,B.that I do know of him,C.what do I know of himD.that do I know of him,26.I will give this dictionary to _ wants to have it.,A.whomever B.anyone D.someone,D.that,A.what you did,A.what,A.what 1 know of him,C.whoever,答案,27._ they will come here hasn t been decided yet.,A.WhatB.ThatD.Where,28._ was said here must be kept secret.,A.Who B.The thing D.Where,29.It is still a question _ we shall have our sports meet.,A.if B.that C.what,30.Im going anyway._ she will go is up to her to decide.,A.If or not