中考复习——动词不定式课件1.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,中考复习系列,动词不定式用法归纳,概 说,动词不定式,(to do),是初中英语课的,一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个项目。,动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式，,很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起，,掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定,式的用法做简单归纳，帮助同学们记忆,动词不定式的主要用法,一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化。,二、动词不定式是由“,to+,动词原形”构成,(,有时可以不带,to),。动词不定式的否定形式是“,not+,动词不定式”,(,此时,not,不能再与助动词连用,),。,三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能,可在句中用做多种句子成分。,主语 宾语 表语 定语,状语 宾补,主语,:,常置于句末,而用,it,代替其做形式主语。,例,:To,go in for sports helps you stay fit.,It,helps you stay fit to go in for sports.,It,is dangerous to swim in the deep sea,on,your,own.,返回,注,:,此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由,for,或,of,引出,逻辑主语由,of,引出时,表语的形容词为,kind,，,nice,good,polite,clever,foolish,right,wrong,等表示性格品质评价的形容词。,例,:Its right of him to refuse the invitation.(him,为逻辑主语,),点击规律,:,动词不定式在句中作主语时,除了,直接作主语,外，,常放在,:It is,adj,(,形容词,),to do,sth,.,或,It is,n,(,名词,),to do,sth,.,句型中,it,仅作形式主语。,动 词 宾 语,此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。,例：,would you like to see my photos?,Kevin,planned to visit his,uncle,类似用法的词还有,:,start,want,agree,hope,begin,decide,agree,love,like,hate,prefer,等。,I found it very difficult to get a job.,(it,为形式宾语,),点击规律：,这些动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思区别不大。,提示板：,like doing,指经常性动作，而,like to do,指一次性的动作。,I like swimming,，,but I dont like to swim now,我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。,stop,forget,remember,go,on,try,等词或短语后面可以接不定式。,点击规律,:,上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。,提示板：,stop to do,sth,.:,停止一件事，去做另一件事。,stop doing,sth,.:,停止正在做的事。,例如：,When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking,；,当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话；,when he came out,the students stopped to talk,当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。,2),思考,:forget,remember,go on,，,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？,点击规律：在,find,feel,it,adj,to do,sth,句型中，,it,是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。,返回,如：,The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep,I feel it easy to recite the text,点击规律,:,某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上页的,stop,例句。,表 语,放在连系动词,be,后面,例句,:His,wish is to become a scientist,Our,duty is to protect the environment.,The first important thing is to save the,soldiers lives.,当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。,点击规律,:,动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。,返回,定 语,动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词,、代词的后面。,例,:He,is the first person to sail around the world.,I have a lot of work to do,The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy,点击规律,:,动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。,返回,提示板,:,如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,且动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如：,I have a small bedroom to live,in,Have you got some pens to write,with,？,作 状 语,a.,目的状语,:,放在,go,come,use,live,in,order,等词后面,.,如：,I come to see you,He runs fast in order to get there in time,They brought in photos of their families for me to,look at,返回,b.,原因状语,:,放在,sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed,，,excited,等词后面。,(,有些资料上把这类称为不定式在表示心理、情感、评价等的形容词后,对其进行补充说明,作形容词补足语,）如：,I am glad to see you here,I am sorry to trouble you,c.,作结果状语。如,:,Some of the apples are hard to reach,The room is large enough to hold 1000 people,宾语补足语,(1),在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带,to,：,tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,等词后面常接不定式作宾补。,例,:I,asked a friend to read it to me,I,tell him not to go there by bus,Edisons,mother taught him to read and write,返回,(2),在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词,(see,watch,hear,feel,make,let,have,observe,notice,help,等,),后不带,to,的不定式作宾补。如：,The boss makes them work 16 hours a day,I heard her sing in the next room,提示板,:,若变成,被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号,to,要加上,。,如,:,They are made,to,work 16 hours a day by the boss,She was heard,to,sing in the next room,“疑问词不定式”用法,不定式前可带,what,，,who,，,which,，,where,when,how,whose,等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、,主语等。,例,:He,didnt tell me where to go.(,直宾,),I,dont know what to say now.(,宾语,),I,dont know what to do,next.(,宾语）,He,taught us how to use the,computer,(,宾语补足语,),返回,Its still a question how to get there,(,主语,),在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式,(to be+,过去分词,)”,例,:There are twenty more trees to be planted.,根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。,1.Its,time for us,_(have)supper,2.Would,you,like _(go)shopping,with,me,？,3.It,took us half an,hour _(work)out,the problem,to go,主语,to go,宾语,to work,主语,4.He is old enough _(join)the army,5.I feel strange _(have)a twin sister,6.I am very glad _(meet)you here,7,They prefer _(stay)at home rather than go out,to join,结果状语,to have,形容词补足语,(,原,),to meet,形容词补足语,(,原,),to,stay,宾语,8.We saw them_(come)into the room just now,9.What he said made me_(feel)sorry,10.I am sorry,I forgot_(tell)you the news,11.His plan is _(spend)a few days in the mountains,to come,宾补,to feel,宾补,to tell,宾语,to spend,表语,12.Have you got anything _(say)?,13.Have you decided which one _(choose)?,14.Do you know when_(start),？,15.He is too weak _(carry)the big stone,to say,定语,to choose,定语,to start,不定式短语作宾语,to carry,结果状语,THANK YOU,Hi,relax yourself,!,