人教版高考英语一轮复习高一语法之动词的时态课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,动词的时态,一,.,概念,:,时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态,.,英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的,.,英语有,16,种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种,:,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,英在完成时和现在完成进行时,.,二,.,相关知识点精讲,1.,一般现在时的用法,1),经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用,.,时间状语,:every,sometimes,at,on Sunday.,例如I leave home for school at 7 every morning.,每天早上我七点离开家,.,2),客观真理,客观存在,科学事实,.,例如,:,The earth moves around the sun.,地球绕太阳转动,.,Shanghai lies in the east of China.,上海位于中国东部,.,3),表示格言或警句,.,例如,:,Pride goes before a fall.,骄者必败,.,注意,:,此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时,.,例,:Columbus proved that the earth is round.,哥伦布证实了地球是圆的,.,4),现在时刻的状态,能力,性格,个性,.,例如,:,I dont want so much.,我不要那么多,.,Ann writes good English but does not speak well.,安英语写得不错,讲的可不行,.,比较,:,Now I put the sugar in the cup.,把糖放入杯子,.,I am doing my homework now.,我正在做功课,.,第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作,.,第二句中的,now,是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时,.,2.,一般过去时的用法,1),在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态,.,例如,:,时间状语有,:yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,等,.,例如,:,Where did you go just now,刚才你上哪儿去了,2),表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作,.,例如,:,When I was a child,I often played football in the street.,我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球,.,Whenever the Browns went during their visit,they were given a warm welcome.,那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎,.,3),句型,:,It is time for sb.to do,sth,到,时间了,该,了,.,例如,:It is time for you to go to bed.,你该睡觉了,.,It is time that sb.did,sth,.,时间已迟了,早该,了,例如,It is time you went to bed.,你早该睡觉了,.,would(had)rather sb.did,sth,.,表示,宁愿某人做某事,.,例如,:Id rather you came tomorrow.,还是明天来吧,.,4)wish,wonder,think,hope,等用过去时,作试探性的询问,请求,建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在,.,例如,:I thought you might have some.,我以为你想要一些,.,比较,:,Christine was an invalid all her life.(,含义,:,她已不在人间,.),Christine has been an invalid all her life.(,含义,:,她现在还活着,),Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(,含义,:,达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州,.),Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(,含义,:,现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去,),注意,:,用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气,.,1),动词,want,hope,wonder,think,intend,等,.,例如,:,Did you want anything else,？,您还要些什么吗？,I wondered if you could help me.,能不能帮我一下,.,2),情态动词,could,would.,例如,:,Could you lend me your bike,？,你的自行车,能借用一些吗？,3.,一般将来时,1)shall,用于第一人称,常被,will,所代替,.will,在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称,.,例如,:,Which paragraph shall I read first,？,我先读哪一段呢？,Will you be at home at seven this evening,？,今晚七点回家好吗？,2)be going to+,不定式,表示将来,.,a.,主语的意图,即将做某事,.,例如,:What are you going to do tomorrow,明天打算作什么呢,b.,计划,安排要发生的事,.,例如,:The play is going to be produced next month.,这出戏下月开播,.,c.,有迹象要发生的事,.,例如,:Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.,看那乌云,快要下雨了,.,3)be+,不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事,.,例如,:,We are to discuss the report next Saturday.,我们下星期六讨论这份报告,.,4)be about to+,不定式,意为马上做某事,.,例如,:,He is about to leave for Beijing.,他马上要去北京,.,注意,:,be about to do,不能与,tomorrow,next week,等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用,.,4.,一般现在时表将来,1),下列动词,come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return,的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情,.,例如,:,The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.,火车明天上午六点开,.,When does the bus star It stars in ten minutes.,汽车什么时候开 十分钟后,.,2),以,here,there,等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行,.,例如,:,Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.,车来了,.,There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.,铃响了,.,3),在时间或条件句中,.,例如,:,When Bill comes(,不是,will come),ask him to wait for me.,比尔来后,让他等我,.,Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.,我到了那里,就写信给你,.,4),在动词,hopetake care that,make sure that,等的宾语从句中,.,例如,:,I hope they have a nice time next week.,我希望他们下星期玩得开心,.,Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.,离开房间前,务必把窗户关了,.,5.,用现在进行时表示将来,下列动词,come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return,等现在进行时可以表示将来,.,例如,:,Im leaving tomorrow.,明天我要走了,.,Are you staying here till next week,你会在这儿呆到下周吗,6.,现在完成时,现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在,;,也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,.,其构成,:,have(has)+,过去分词,.,7.,比较一般过去时与现在完成时,1),一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作,;,现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响,.,2),一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语,.,一般过去时的时间状语,:,yesterday,last week,agoin1980,in October,just now,等,皆为具体的时间状语,.,现在完成时的时间状语,:,for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in past years,always,等,皆不确定的时间状语,.,共同的时间状语,:this morning,tonight,this April,now,already,recently,lately,等,.,3),现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如,live,teach,learn,work,study,know.,一般过去时常用的,非持续性动词,有,come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married,等,.,例如,:,I saw this film yesterday.(,强调看的动作发生过了,),Why did you get up so early(,强调起床的动作已发生过了,),Who hasnt handed in his paper(,强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争,),He has been in the League for three years.(,在团内的状态可延续,),He has been a League member for three years是团员的状态可持续,),句子中如有过去时的时间副词,(,如,yesterday,last,week,in 1960),时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时,.,(,错,)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.,(,对,)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,8.,用于现在完成时的句型,1)It is the first/second time.that,结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时,.,例如,:,It is the first time that I have visited the city.,这是我第一次访问这城市,.,This is the first time(that)Ive heard him sing.,这是我第一次听他唱歌,.,注意,:,It was the third time that the boy had been late.,2)This is+,形容词最高级,+that,结构,that,从句要用现在完成时,.,例如,:,This is the best film that Ive(ever)seen.,这是我看过的最好的电影,.,9.,过去完成时,1),概念,:,表示过去的过去,-|-|-|-,其构成是,had+,过去分词构成,.,2),用法,a.,在,told,said,knew,heard,thought,等动词后的宾语从句,.,例如,:,She said(that)she had never been to Paris.,她告诉我她曾去过巴黎,.,b.,状语从句,在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时,;,发生在后,用一般过去时,.,例如,:,When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.,警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了,.,现在,以前,那时,那时,c.,表示意向的动词,如,hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose,等,用过去完成时表示,原本,未能,.,例如,:,We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.,那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来,.,3),过去完成时的时间状语,before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as.,例如,:,He said that he had learned some English before.,他说过他以前学过一些英语,.,By the time he was twelve,Edison had began to make a living by himself.,到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生,.,Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.,汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了,.,10.,用一般过去时代替过去完成时,1),两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用,then,and,but,等连词时,多用一般过去时,.,例如,:,When she saw the mouse,she screamed.,她看到老鼠,就叫了起来,.,My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.,姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了,.,2),两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时,;,如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时,.,例如,:,When I heard the news,I was very excited.,3),叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时,.,例如,:,Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.,11.,将来完成时,1),构成,will have done,2),概念,a.,状态完成,:,表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态,.,例如,:,They will have been married for 20 years by then.,到那时他们结婚将有二十年了,.,b.,动作完成,:,表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获得的经验,.,例如,:,You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.,明天此时,你已经到达上海了,12,现在进行时,现在进行时的基本用法,:,a.,表示现在,(,指说话人说话时,),正在发生的事情,.,例如,:,We are waiting for you.,我们正在等你,.,b.,习惯进行,:,表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行,.,例如,:,Mr.Green is writing another novel.,他在写另一部小说,.(,说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态,.),c.,表示渐变,这样的动词有,:get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin,等,.,例如,:,The leaves are turning red.,叶子在变红,.,Its getting warmer and warmer.,天越来越热了,.,d.,与,always,constantly,forever,等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩,.,例如,:,You are always changing your mind.,你老是改变主意,.,13.,过去进行时,1),概念,:,表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作,.,2),过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景,;,一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生,.,3),常用的时间状语有,this morning,the whole morning,all day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,while,等,.,例如,:,My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.,我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤,.,It was raining when they left the station.,他们离开车站时,正下着雨,.,When I got to the top of the mountain,the sun was shining.,我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂,.,14.,将来进行时,1),概念,:,表示将来某时进行的状态或动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情,.,例如,:,Shell be coming soon.,她会很快来的,.,Ill be meeting him sometime in the future.,将来我一定去见他,.,注意,:,将来进行时不用于表示,意志,不能说,Ill be having a talk with her.,2),常用的时间状语有,soon,tomorrow,this evening,on Sunday,by this time,tomorrow,in two days,tomorrow evening,等,.,例如,:,By this time tomorrow,Ill be lying on the beach.,明天此时,我正躺在海滩上呢,.,15.,一般现在时代替一般将来时,When,while,before,after,till,once,as soon as,so long as,by the time,if,in case(that),unless,even if,whether,the moment,the minute,the day,the year,immediately,等引导的时间状语从句,条件句中,用一般现在时代替将来时,.,例如,:,He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing.,他一到北京,就去看他姨妈,.,16.,一般现在时代替一般过去时,1),书上说,报纸上说,等,.,例如,:,The newspaper says that its going to be cold tomorrow.,报纸上说明天会很冷的,.,2),叙述往事,使其生动,.,例如,:,Napoleons army now advances and the great battle begins.,拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进,大战开始了,17.,一般现在时代替现在完成时,1),有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时,如,hear,tell,learn,write,understand,forget,know,find,say,remember,等,.,例如,:,I hear(=have heard)he will go to London.,我听说了他将去伦敦,.,I forget(=have forgotten)how old he is.,我忘了他多大了,.,2),用句型,It is since,代替,It has been since.,例如,:,It is(=has been)five years since we last met.,从我们上次见面以来,五年过去了,.,18.,一般现在时代替现在进行时,.,在,Here comes/There goes,等句型里,用一般现在时代替现在进行时,.,例如,:,There goes the bell.,铃响了,.,19.,现在进行时代替将来时,1),表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动,.,例如,:,Are you staying with us this weekend,和我们一起度周末好吗,We are leaving soon.,我们马上就走,.,2),渐变动词,如,get,run,grow,become,begin,以及瞬间动词,die,等,.,例如,:,He is dying.,他要死了,.,20.,时态一致,1),如果从句所叙述的为真理或相对不变的事实,则用现在时,.,例如,:,At that time,people did not know that the earth moves.,那时,人们不知道地球是动的,.,He told me last week that he is eighteen.,上星期他告诉我他十八岁了,.,2),宾语从句中的,助动词,ought,need,must,dare,的时态是不变的,.,例如,:,He thought that I need not tell you the truth.,他认为我不必告诉你真相,.,三,.,巩固练习,:,1,I,ll,give the book to him as soon as he _ back.,2,Has the baby _ crying yet(stop),3,I don t know whether Mother _ me to Beijing next month.(take),4,She _ on her coat and went out.(put),5,What are they doing They _ ready for the sports meeting.(get),6,The boy asked his mother _him go and play basketball.(let),comes,stopped,will take,put,are getting,to let,7,Im sorry to keep you _ for a long time.(wait),8,It _(take)him half an hour _(finish)his homework yesterday.,10,，,She_ (work)in this factory for ten years.11,，,What makes you _(think)Im a farmer the Frenchman,asked.,waiting,took,to finish,has worked,think,12,If it _ an interesting film,well see it tomorrow.(be),13,They usually _(do)their homework after supper.,14,Listen!Who _(sing)in the next room now,15,_(be)your parents in Shanghai last year,is,do,is singing,Was,