系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrgan.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Dept of Anatomy DZX,系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrgan,General Features,Three parts,External ear,外耳,:,collects sound waves,Middle ear,中耳,:,transmits sound waves,Internal ear,内耳,:,contains the organs of hearing and balance,External Ear,外耳,Auricle,耳廓,External acoustic meatus,外耳道,Tympanic membrane,鼓膜,Auricle,耳廓,External Acoustic Meatus,外耳道,A slender canal that extends from external acoustic pore to tympanic membrane,Two parts,Cartilaginous part,lateral 1/3,Bony part,medial 2/3,Lined by a layer of thin skin,This,S-shaped,passage medially,at first forward and upward,then backward and,finally forward and downward,In babyhood,it is,shorter,and,more horizontal,than in adult,Tympanic Membrane,鼓膜,A thin oval membrane,about 1 cm in diameter,Lying obliquely between external acoustic meatus and tympanic cavity,Two parts,Flaccid part,松弛部,:,upper,1/81/6,Tense part,紧张部,:,lower,5/6 7/8,pearly gray,Umbo of tympanic membrane,鼓膜脐,Cone of light,光锥,outer suface of skin,inner surface of mucous membrane,Acute otitis median,急性中耳炎,Perforation,inflammation or,trauma 鼓膜穿孔（炎症或外伤）,Middle Ear,中耳,Tympanic cavity,鼓室,Auditory tube,咽鼓管,Mastoid antrum,乳突窦,and,mastoid cells,乳突小房,Tympanic Cavity,鼓室,An air-containing cavity in the petrous portion of temporal bone and is lined with mucous membrane,Has six walls,Walls of Tympanic Cavity,Roof,or,tegmental wall,盖壁,Floor,or,jugular wall,颈静脉壁,Medial wall,or,labyrinthine wall,迷路壁,Posterior Wall,or mastoid wall,乳突壁,Anterior wall,or,carotid wall,颈动脉壁,Lateral wall,or,membranous wall,鼓膜壁,Walls of Tympanic Cavity,Lateral wall,or,membranous wall,鼓膜壁,tympanic membrane,bony lateral wall of epitympanic recess superiorly,Walls of Tympanic Cavity,Roof,or,tegmental wall,盖壁,formed by tegmen tympani,separates tympanic cavity from middle cranial fossaFloor,or,jugular wall,颈静脉壁,narrow thin plate of temporal bone overlying superior bulb of internal jugular vein,Walls of Tympanic Cavity,Anterior wall,or,carotid wall,颈动脉壁,Lower part,:,bone forming wall of carotid canal,Upper part,:,lies two openings,opening for tensor tympani muscle,tympanic opening of auditory tube,咽鼓管鼓室口,which communicates with nasopharynx,Walls of Tympanic Cavity,Medial wall,or,labyrinthine wall,迷路壁,Promontory,岬,Fenestra vestibuli,前庭窗,:,covered by base of stapes,Fenestra cochleae,蜗窗,:,closeted by secondary tympanic,membrane,第二鼓膜,Prominence of facial canal,面神经管凸,Walls of Tympanic Cavity,Posterior wall,or,mastoid wall,乳突壁,Entrance(aditus)to the mastoid antrum,乳突窦入口,pyramidal eminence,锥隆起,Walls of Tympanic Cavity,Contents of Tympanic Cavity,Auditory Ossicles,听小骨,Consists of chain of three bones,:,Malleus,锤骨,Incus,砧骨,Stapes,镫骨,Articulate by synovial joints,Transmit vibration of tympanic membrane to footplate of stapes in fenestra vestibuli,Contents of Tympanic Cavity,Muscles of Auditory Ossicles,Tensor tympani,鼓膜张肌,Stapedius,镫骨肌,Auditory Tube,咽鼓管,About 3.54.0 cm long,extends from the anterior wall of tympanic cavity downward,forward,and medially to the nasopharynx,Two parts,Bony part,:,posterolateral 1/3,Cartilaginous part,:,anteromedial 2/3,Functions to equalize air pressure on either side of tympanic membrane,In childhood,it is,shorter,wider,and,more horizontal,than in adult,Auditory Tube,咽鼓管,Mastoid Antrum and Mastoid Cells,乳突窦和乳突小房,Mastoid antrum,乳突窦,:,a small chamber between tympanic cavity and mastoid cells,Mastoid cells,乳突小房,:,A series of communicating cavities within the mastoid process of temporal bone,Continuous above with the mastoid antrum and the tympanic cavity,Internal Ear,内耳,General features,Lies within the petrous portion of temporal bone,Key contents of internal ear,Bony labyrinth,骨迷路,contains perilymph,Membranous labyrinth,膜迷路,contains the sensory organs and is filled with endolymph,Bony Labyrinth,骨迷路,Cochlea,耳蜗,Vestibule,前庭,Bony semicircular canals,骨半规管,Bony Labyrinth,骨迷路,Vestibule 前庭,Hollow bony space,In its lateral wall are the,fenestra vestibuli,and,fenestra,cochleae,Contains,utricle,椭圆囊,and,saccule,球囊,Bony Labyrinth,骨迷路,Vestibula crest,Elliptical recess,Spherical recess,Internal aperture of,vestibular aqueduct,Vestibule 前庭,Bony Labyrinth,骨迷路,Bony Semicircular Canals,骨半规管,Semicircular duct in each,Canal at right angles to each other,The anterior bony semicircular canal,前骨半规管,is vertically with the long axis of the,petrous portion of temporal bone,The lateral bony semicircular canal,外侧骨半规管,is nearly horiaontal,The posterior bony semicircular canal,后骨半规管,is paralles to the long axis of the petrous portion of temporal bone,Bony Semicircular Canals 骨半规管,Bony crura,骨脚,Ampullar bony crura,壶腹骨脚,Bony ampullae,骨壶腹,Simple,bony crus,单骨脚,Common bony crus,总骨脚,Bony Labyrinth,骨迷路,Cochlea 耳蜗,General features,It somewhat resembles a snails shell,Cupula of cochlea faces anterolaterally,Base of cochlea faces posteromedially,Bony Labyrinth,骨迷路,Cochlea 耳蜗,Modiolus,蜗轴,Osseous spiral lamina,骨螺旋板,Hamulus of spiral lamina,螺旋板钩,Helicotrema,蜗孔,Spiral canal of modiolus,蜗轴螺旋管,Cochlear ganglion,蜗神经节,Cochlear spiral canal,蜗螺旋管,Makes two and one-half spinal turns around the modiolus,Scala vestibuli,前庭阶,Scala tympani,鼓阶,Membranous Labyrinth 膜迷路,Cochlear duct,蜗管,Utricle and saccule,椭圆囊和球囊,Semicircular ducts,膜半规管,Ductus reuniens,连合管,Utriculosaccular duct,椭圆球囊管,Endolymphatic duct,内淋巴管,Endolymphatic sac,内淋巴囊,Membranous Labyrinth 膜迷路,Utriculosaccular duct,椭圆球囊管,Endolymphatic duct,内淋巴管,Endolymphatic sac 内淋巴囊,Ductus reuniens 连合管,Utricle 椭圆囊,Saccule 球囊,Cochlear duct 蜗管,Membranous Labyrinth 膜迷路,Utricle and Saccule 椭圆囊和球囊,Macular utriculi,椭圆囊斑,Macular sacculi,球囊斑,Receptors of balance,which respond to linear acceleration and deceleration,static of gravity,Membranous Labyrinth 膜迷路,Semicircular Ducts 膜半规管,Contained in bony semicircular canals,Each duct has a,membranous ampullae,膜壶腹,C,rista ampullaris,壶腹嵴,receptors of balance that respond to rotational acceleration in three different planes,Membranous Labyrinth 膜迷路,Cochlear Duct 蜗管,Spinally arranged tube,within bony canal of cochlea,Enclosed by tympanic and vestibular walls with scala vestibuli above and scala tympani below.,Spinal organ,the sound receptors lies on tympanic(basilar)wall of cochlear duct,stimulated by the movement of endolymph in the duct,Conduction of Sound,Air-conduction of sound,Sound waves,Cochlear nerve,Bony-conduction of Sound,Sound waves,Skull,Bony labyrinth,Perilymph,Endolymph within cochlear duct,Spinal organ,Cochlear nerve,Internal acoustic Meatus,内耳道,Extends from internal acoustic pore to fundus of internal acoustic meatus,Facial,vestibulocochlear nerves and vessels of labyrinth pass through the fundus of internal acoustic meatus,Otoliths,Gelatinous,membrane,Supporting,cells,Nerve,fibres,Hair,cells,“Hairs”,Macula,STRUCTURE OF A MACULA,2.,Hairs of hair,cells bend,1.,Gelatinous,membrane,pulled,downwards,Gravity,FUNCTION OF A MACULA,3.,Neural impulse,generated,Organs of Dynamic Equilibrium:-The Semicircular,Canals,Rotational head movements detected in ampullae at,base of semicircular canals by specialised receptors,called the CRISTAE AMPULLARES,Main features,support cells,receptor hair cells,overlying membrane-cupula,Movements of the head induce the fluid,in the semicircular canals to move,cupula+hair cells bent-neural impulse,Ampulla,DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM:-LOCATION OF CRISTAE,AMPULLARES,Semicircular,canals,Hair cell,Cupula,Hair,cell,Nerve,fibres,STRUCTURE OF A CRISTA AMPULLARIS,简答：,试述前庭蜗器旳分部和各部构成,外耳道旳形态分部和幼儿外耳道旳特点,鼓膜旳位置和形态分部,鼓室旳位置与交通,试述咽鼓管旳形态特征、开口位置、及幼儿咽鼓管旳特点,骨迷路与膜迷路旳构成,听觉和位置觉感受器旳名称和位置,名词解释：,鼓室、咽鼓管、耳蜗、蜗管、壶腹嵴、Corti器,掌握外耳道旳位置、形态、分部和婴儿外耳道旳特点。,掌握鼓膜旳形态、位置和分部。,掌握中耳旳构成。掌握鼓室旳位置、六个壁旳主要形态构造及毗邻,掌握咽鼓管旳位置、分部、开口部位和作用、幼儿咽鼓管旳特点。,掌握乳突窦和乳突小房旳位置。,掌握内耳旳位置和分部、骨迷路旳分部、各部旳形态以及骨迷路与膜迷路旳位置关系。,掌握听觉和位置觉感受器旳位置与机能,