中考名词专项复习课件.ppt

课标,权威解读,考点,名师精讲,真题,感悟中考,课标,权威解读,考点,名师精讲,真题,感悟中考,课标,权威解读,考点,名师精讲,真题,感悟中考,考点一名词的分类,名词是表示人或事物名称的词，它分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词，有单数和复数之分；不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，没有复数形式。,考点二名词的数,1.,不可数名词,1,）分类,2,）计量,不可数名词计量时，用“基数词,/,不定冠词,+,量词,+of+,不可数名词”表示，数词决定量词单,/,复数形式。,a glass of water,一杯水,a cup of tea,一杯茶,a piece of news,一则新闻,two bowls of rice,两碗米饭,two pairs of glasses,两副眼镜,three pieces of advice,三条建议,2.,可数名词的复数形式,1,）规则变化,名词单数变复数的口诀,名词单数变复数，直加,-s,占多数。,词尾若是,f,或,fe,，加,-s,之前要变,ve,。,“辅音字母,+y”,，要把,y,变,i,。,词尾字母若是,o,，加,-,es,的有,tomato,和,potato,。,简记,f/fe,结尾的名词变复数：,树叶（,leaf,）半数（,half,）自己（,self,）黄，,妻子（,wife拿刀（,knife,）去杀狼（,wolf,），,架（,shelf,）后小偷（,thief,）逃命忙。,简记,o,结尾的名词变复数加,-,es,：,英雄（,hero,）喜欢吃西红柿（,tomato,）和土豆（,potato,）。,2,）不规则变化,（,a,）简记一句话：,男女孩子,的,脚,踩住,老鼠,的,牙,man-men,woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,mouse-mice,tooth-teeth,（,b,）单复数相同：,Chinese,中国人，,Japanese,日本人，,deer,鹿，,sheep,羊，,fish,鱼（在表示不同种类的鱼时其复数是,fishes,）,【,注意,】,国人变复数,a,ChineseChinese,a,JapaneseJapanese,an,Englishm,a,nEnglishm,e,n,a,Frenchm,a,nFrenchm,e,n,a,GermanGermans,an,AmericanAmericans,an,AustralianAustralians,an,IndianIndians,简记一句话：中日不变英法变，其余,s,加后面。,3.,集体名词,表示同一类人或事物的总称，常见词：,family,people,class,police,nation,等。,【,提醒,】,有些名词，如,family,people,crowd,class,nation,police,cattle,等是集体名词。,（,1,）指整体时，视为单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,（,2,）指组成集体的各个成员时，则视为复数。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。,Her family is going to move.,她家要搬走了。,Her family are football fans.,她全家人都是足球迷。,考点三名词所有格,名词所有格表示人或事物的隶属和拥有关系，有两种表示形式：,（,1,）表示有生命的名词后加,“,s”,。,（,2,）表示无生命的名词后加,of,介词短语。,1.,表示人或有生命的名词，在名词后加,“,s”,。,【,提醒,】,2.of+,名词：表示无生命的事物的名词通常采用,“,of+,名词,”,的结构。,a map of China,一张中国地图,3.,双重所有格,双重所有格主要表示整体中的一部分，有两种形式：,“,of+,名词所有格,”,或,“,of+,名词性物主代词,”,。,John is a son of a farmers.,约翰是一个农民的儿子。,She is a friend of mine.,她是我的一个朋友。,双重所有格和一般所有格意义不同。例如：,This is a photo of my fathers.,这是我父亲的一张照片。（照片属于我父亲，但是照片上的人不一定是我父亲）,This is a photo of my father.,这是我父亲的照片。（照片上的人是我父亲）,【,提醒,】,时间、距离、国家、城镇、团体等名词也可使用,s,表示名词所有格：,tomorrows work,明天的工作,Chinas population,中国的人口,由,some,any,no,every,与,one/body,结合起来的复合名词和,else,连用时，,s,要加在,else,的后面。,somebody elses book,别人的书,英语名词所有格，表示某物是,“,谁的,”,，,所有格构成有方法，多数要把,s,加，,复数词尾有,s,，只加撇点,就,OK,，,名词若为无生命，常把,of,来运用，,时间、地点和距离，所有格也可用,s,。,考点四名词的语法作用,1.,名词作主语,名词作主语时一定要注意保持主谓一致,（,1,）名词本身以,s,结尾，其谓语动词应用单数形式。,Maths,is,difficult for me to learn.,数学对我来说很难学。,（,2,）表示时间、金钱、距离的名词作主语时，应视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。,Ten days,has,passed.But we havent got any news about him.,十天已经过去了，但是我们还没有得到有关他的任何消息。,（,3,）短语,a pair(piece)of+,复数名词作主语时，中心词,是,a pair(piece),，故谓语动词用单数；若短语是,two pairs,(pieces)of+,复数名词作主语，则中心词是,two pairs,(pieces),，谓语动词也相应用复数形式。,How much,is,this pair of shoes?,这双鞋多少钱？,There,are,two pieces of bread on the plate.,盘子里有两片面包。,（,4,）名词,+,介词（,with,together with,except.,）,+,名词,作主语时，谓语动词的数由介词前面的名词决定。,Tom with his parents,goes,to the Disneyland every Sunday.,汤姆和他父母每周日去迪斯尼乐园。,2.,作宾语,名词在句中常用作动词或介词的宾语。,I bought,an MP3,for my daughter last week.,上周我为女儿买了一台,MP3,。,You have to deal with,the problem,by yourself.,你必须自己去处理那个问题。,3.,作表语,Linda is,my cousin,.,琳达是我的表妹。,4.,作宾语补足语,We chose Jack,our monitor,.,我们选杰克做班长。,5.,作定语,（,1,）名词作定语，一般用单数形式。,Is that a shoe factory or a toy one?,那是一个鞋厂还是玩具厂？,（,2,）若,man,woman,作定语修饰名词时，则,man,woman,和它们所修饰的名词都要用复数。,They are all men teachers.,他们都是男教师。,There are a few women doctors in the hospital.,医院里有几个女医生。,（,3,）个别名词作定语，用复数形式。,Our sports meeting was put off because of the bad weather.,因为糟糕的天气，我们的运动会被推迟了。,6.,作状语,My father will be back next week.,我爸爸下周回来。,考点一名词的分类,()1.11,宁波中考,You look so healthy!,Yeah,I like eating apples.An apple a day keeps the _ away.,A.teacher,B.worker,C.farmer,D.doctor,()2.,11,河南中考,I have some problems with my English writing.Can you give me some _?,A.advice,B.decisions,C.information,D.messages,()3.11,福州中考,I am thirsty.May I have something to drink?,Ok.Heres some _.,A.rice,B.bread,C.water,()4.10,雄楚州中考,Forget your _,and smile to your life.,OK,I will.Thank you for your advice.,A.trouble,B.chance,C.success,D.happiness,()5.10,大连中考,Peters main _ is music,and he wants to see some Beijing Opera in a teahouse.,A.interest,B.theme,C.character,D.symbol,考点二名词的数,()1.11,宁波中考,Excuse me,where can I exchange _?,Theres a bank on the second floor.,A.books,B.food,C.money,D.stamps,()2.11,广东中考,I hear you run for half an hour every day.,Right,we have to.It is one of the _ in our school.,A.rules,B.plans,C.hobbies,D.choices,()3.11,怀化中考,At night,we can see colorful lights on both _ of the streets.,A.sides,B.side,C.sides,()4.10,鸡西中考,How many _ can you see in the picture?,Only one.,A.dog,B.sheep,C.child,()5.10,齐齐哈尔中考,Bob hurt his _ yesterday,he cant walk now.,A.hand,B.leg,C.arm考点三名词所有格,()1.,11,眉山中考,June 1st is _ Day.All the children enjoy it very much.,A.Children,B.,Childrens,C.Childrens,D.Child,()2.,11,泸州中考,How far is your family from here?,Its about ten _ walk.,A.minutes,B.minute,C.minutes,D.minutes,()3.10,河北中考,I dont think looking after children is just _ work.,A.woman,B.womans,C.women,D.womens,()4.10,内江中考,_ mothers cant go to the meeting,because they have gone to New York on business.,A.Alice and Lilys,B.Alices and Lilys,C.Alices and Lily,()5.10,淄博中考,How far is it from here to the hospital?,Its about _ ride.,A.twenty minute,B.twenty minutes,C.twenty minutes,D.twenty-minutes,考点四名词的语法作用,()1.11,盐城中考,The two cities have reached an _ to develop science and technology.,A.education,B.excitement,C.agreement,D.invention,()2.11,泰安中考,Yao,Ming is very popular among teenagers.,Yes.Many middle school students are his _.,A.heroes,B.stars,C.fans,D.brothers,()3.11,绵阳中考,My classmate lent me,a(an,)_ so that I wouldnt get wet in the rain.,A.candle B.umbrella,C.scarf D.wallet,()4.10,娄底中考,Its said that you have moved into a new house.,Yeah,and we need to buy some _ in the mall nearby.,A.food,B.furniture,C.hamburger,()5.10,山西中考,I like _ a lot,and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.,A.fish,B.potatoes,C.noodles,Thank you!,