高中英语语法_省略.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Ellipsis,省略,在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，这种现象叫,省略,。如：,Beg you pardon.,Sounds like a good idea.,（,I,）,Beg you pardon.,(It),Sounds like a good idea.,定义,一 简单句中的省略,1,、,省略主语,祈使句中主语通常省略,Doesn,t matter.,(,It),doesn,t matter.,(,It),Sounds like a good idea.,2,、,省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。,如：,（省略主语和谓语）,What/How,(do you think),about a cup of tea?,Why,(do you),not say hello to him?,3,、省略表语。,Are you thirsty?,Yes,I am.,His brother isn,t lazy,nor is his sister.,(thirsty).,(lazy).,4,、同时省略几个成分,Let,s meet at the same place as yesterday.,(we met),同时省略主、谓语,Have you finished your work?,Not yet.,I have,not,finished my homework,yet,.,I have,not,finished my homework,yet,.,I have,not,finished my homework,yet,.,My brother is a doctor and my sister-in-law(is)a lawyer.,（省略相同的谓语动词）,1,、两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分,。,When summer comes,the day is getting longer and longer,and the night(is getting)shorter and shorter.,(is getting),(is),省略相同的谓语动词,二 并列句中的省略,1,、主句中有一些成分被省略，,如：,Sorry to hear you are ill.,Pity that he missed such a good chance.,(I,m),(It,s a),三 复合句中的省略,Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday?,I think so.,so,I,m leaving for Beijing this Sunday.,Tom must be free today.,If so,he can help us.,so,he is free.,主句中有一些成分被省略、而用,so,或,not,来代替,It is going to rain,isn,t it?,I hope not.,not,it is not going to rain.,这种用法常见的有：,How so?Why so?Is that so?I hope so.He said so.,及,I suppose,/believe,/hope not.Why not?,等等。,We all know(that)the earth runs around the sun.,(that),2.,宾语从句中的省略,宾语从句中常省略连词that,，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个,that,则不能省略。,Mary said(that)she is from American and,that,she is 16 years old.,(that),3.,定语从句中的省略,在定语从句中，,that,which,who,在从句中作宾语时可省略。,I haven,t read the book (that/which)you,re reading.,(that/which),The man (that/who)your father just talked to is our English teacher,Mr.Smith.that/who),4.,状语从句中的省略,在以,when,while,once,引导的时间状语从句及以,if,unless,引导的条件状语从句中和,though,although,引导的让步状语从句中,，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象，且从句中含有,be,动词时，从句中可省去,“,主语,+be,”,部分。,When asked what he had done,John just kept silent.,When he was asked what he had done,John just kept silent.,he,If,he,is free,Jack will go with us.,he was,If free,Jack will go with us.,he is,Unless invited,he won,t come.,Unless he is invited,he won,t come.,he,While he is doing house work,my father often listens to music.,he is,While doing house work,my father often listens to music.,he is,he,动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留,to,，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有,be,，,have,have been,时，要保留这些词。,Are you going there?,Yes,I,d like,to.,He didn,t give me the chance,though he had promised,to.,Are you an engineer?,No,but I want,to,.,He hasn,t finished the task yet.,Well,he ought,to,.,(go there).,(give me the chance).,be,have,四 不定式中的省略,Attention!,使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去,to,但在被动语态中须将,to,复原。,I noticed a man to enter the classroom when I passed by.,A man was noticed to enter the classroom.,to,X,这类使役动词及感官动词主要有,一,“,感,”,:,二,“,听,”,:,三,“,让,”,:,四,“,看,”,:,feel,hear,listen to,have,make,let,watch,notice,observe,see,在以,if,引导的非真实条件句中若含有,were,had,should,时，常可以省略,if,而将were,had,should,置于句首。,Were I you,I,d give the AIDS patient a hug.,Were,Had I a lot of money,I,d aid the poor children.,Had,Should there be bird-flu,what would we do?,Should,虚拟条件句中的省略,If I were,you,I,d give the AIDS patient a hug.,If I had a lot of money,I,d aid the poor children.,He suggest we should set out right away.,(should),在含有表示,“,命令、要求、建议、许可,”,或,“,禁止,”,等意义的名词性从句中使用,“,should+,动词原形,”,表示虚拟语气的，,should,常可以省略。如：,His suggestion is that we should set out right away.,(should),The order that we should stay where we are is very serious and severe.,(should),It,s very important that students should study hard at school.,(should),Practice,Exercises about Ellipsis.,Discovering useful structures,Rewrite these sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts.,The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.,(_),2.A boy was on the left side of the sick,woman,and a girl was on the right,side of the sick woman.,3.She has a daughter who is in hospital.,4.He went to the doctor because he had to,go to the doctor.,(_),(_),(_),5.Did she pass the first aid test that she,did yesterday or didnt she pass?,or not.,6.She could not decided whether to send,him to hospital or not to send him to,hospital.,7.When your nose is bleeding,you should,bend forward so that the blood runs out,of your nose and the blood doesnt run,down your throat.,8.Only some of the students have done a,first aid course but most of the students,havent done a first aid course.,not down your throat.,These sentences are correct.However,one or more words have been left out.Can you tell your partner which words are missing?,1),The cottage surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government.,The cottage,(which is),surrounded by a,wall belongs to the local government.,2),The first book I read this term was,more interesting than the second.,The first book,(that),I read this term was more interesting than the second,(book that I read this term),.,3),To her teachers surprise,she did,better in her first aid exam than,expected.,To her teachers surprise,she did,better in her first aid exam than,(she was),expected,(to do),.,4)I dont think they have returned from the hospital,but they might have.,I dont think they have returned,from the hospital,but they might have,(returned from the hospital),.,5),He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didn,t.,He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didnt,(want to help the accident victim),.,6),You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to.,You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to,(borrow my first aid notes),.,I.Choose the best answers,.,1)-Tomorrow is a holiday.Why are,you doing your homework?,-I am doing these exercises now so,that I wont have _ on Sunday.,A.it B.them C.for D.to,2)-Shall I invite Ann to my birthday,party tomorrow evening?,-Yes.Itll be fine if you_.,A.are B.can C.invite D.do,3)-Arent you the manager?,-No,and I_,A.,dont want to B.dont want to be,C.dont want be D.dont want,4)-Ill be away on a business trip.Would,you mind looking after my cat?,-Not at all_.,A.Ive no time B.Id rather not,C.Id like it D.Id be glad to,5)-Wont you have another try?,-_.,A.Yes,I will have B.Yes,I wont have,C.Yes,I wont D.Yes,I will,7)-Do you think it will snow tomorrow?,-_?,A.I dont think B.No,I dont think,C.I dont think so DNo,I dont so,8)-Have you fed the cat?,-No,but_.,A.Im B.I am,C.Im just going D.Im just going to,II.,单项选择,1.-I won,t do it any more.-_?,A.Why don,t B.Why don,t do it any more C.Why not D.Why not to,2.Although _ to stop,he kept on working.,A.tell B.telling C.having told D.told,3.-Will you waste time and money on that?-Certainly_.,A.I not B.don,t C.not D.no,4.-Mary didn,t attend the lecture,did she?,-Yes,she_.,A.attended B.didn,t attend C.didn,t D.did,5.-What,s John doing?-_ newspapers in the room.,A.She reading B.She reads C.To read,D.Reading,6._ always succeed.,A.Honest and clever students,B.Students who honest and clever,C.Honest students and clever,D.Students are honest and clever,7.-Can you climb that tree,my boy?,-_?,A.I B.MyselfC.MineD.Me,8.Some people are against the plan but _ support it.,A.any more B.many more,C.much moreD.no more,9.-I,ll be away for a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?,-Not at all._.,A.I,ve no timeB.I,d rather not,C.I,d like to D.I,d be happy to,10.-Why not go and have a dinner in a restaurant?,-_.It,s too expensive.,A.Why not B.I agree,C.I,m afraid notD.I,m sure,11._ I had time,I would have run round that lake again.,IfB.UnlessC.HadD.When,12.-What do you think made Mary so upset?,-_ her bicycle.,As she lost B.Lost,C.Because of losingD.Losing,II.,下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。,1.Our hometown is no longer what it used to.,2.When I in trouble,I always turn to her for help.,3.Tom picked up a coin in the road and handed one to a policeman.,be,第一个,I,后加am,或去掉第一个,I,it,4.No one can bear being laughed in public.,5.When comparing with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all.,6.The goods were ordered last month havent arrived yet.,at,compared,goods,后加,that,或去掉,were,语法应试,I.,改写句子,（使用省略手段避免下面各句重复与冗赘）,1.Someone has used my mobile phone,but I don,t know who has used it.,2.John worked hard but his brother did not work hard.,3.I have lazy students and hardworking students in my class.,4.-Has he ever been abroad?,-No,he has never been abroad.,5.If it is necessary,we will finish it ahead of time.,6.You must not be late and you must not be absent.,7.Give me your name and address,please.,8.It is well done.,9.Mother can take a rest,Mother should take a rest but Mother won,t take a rest after long hours of work.,10.He could answer the questions very well if he would answer the questions but he didn,t answer the questions.,【语法专项训练,】,【,单项选择,【,1,“,I slipped on the stairs.I think my arm is broken.,”,“,Oh!I _.,”,A.do not hope to B.do not hope C.hope not so D.hope not,2.,“,Is Professor Tate very sick?,”,“,I,m afraid _.,”,A.so B.this C.to D.that,3.I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _.,A.itB.thoseC.themD.one,4.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.,A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not do,5.,“,Do you think it,s going to rain over the weekend?,”,“,_.,”,A.I don,t believeB.I don,t believe it,C.I believe not soD.I believe not,6.,“,Don,t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.,”,“,_.,”,A.I don,t B.I won,t,C.I can,t D.I haven,t,7.,“,I,ll be away on business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?,”,“,Not at all._.,”,A.I,ve no timeB.I,d rather not,C.I,d like itD.I,d be happy to,8.,“,Why don,t we take a little break?,”,“,Didn,t we just have _?,”,A.itB.that C.one D.that,9.,“,There will be a new film on show.,”,“,I,m afraid _.,”,A.soB.maybe C.not D.that,10.,“,We all hate pollution.,”“,_.,”,A.Yes,everyone hatesB.Yes,everyone does,C.No,I like notD.No,I don,t,跟踪练习,1.,Could you please spare me some time?I,ve something to talk with you.,Not now,_ time,perhaps.,A.any other B.some,C.other D.some other,2.,The students have all made up their minds to gain a high mark _ difficulties.,A.however B.whatever,C.whenever D.whichever,D.some other,B.whatever,跟踪练习,3.,I feel tired,Dad.,Tired?_?,A.For what B.For which,C.From which D.Of what,4.,Why not join us in the game?,_.,A.No,you do the same,B.Oh,that,s all right,C.Ok,coming,D.Sure,please do,D.Of what,C.Ok,coming,跟踪练习,5.The boy wanted him to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him _.,A.not to B.not to do,C.not do it D.do not to,6.,Would you like some wine?,Yes,_.,A.little B.very little,C.a littleD.little bit,A.not to,C.a little,跟踪练习,7.,How long has this book shop been in business?,_ 1982.,A.After B.In,C.From D.Since,8.You are standing too near the camera.Can you move _.,A.a bit farB.a little farther,C.a bit of fartherD.a little far,D.Since,B.a little farther,