九年级下册M2-U3.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 3,Module 2,Education,Language in use,1.To,summarise,and consolidate the use of,pronouns,and,prepositions,2.To grasp more expressions about school life,including subjects and different parts of the school,Objectives,代词,Observe the following sentences carefully.They are all from this module.,Observe,1.,I,took,them,myself,.,2.So,ours,is a bit bigger.,3.,Everyone,is wearing a jacket and tie!,4.Did,you,enjoy,yourself,in London?,5.,I,went to see,my,friend Susie.AndI,visited,her,school.,6.,They,dont sit in rows.,7.And,we,also have an excellent swimming team.,8.,It,looks really great.,9.,This,means more people to play with.,10.,Each,lesson lasts for an hour.,11.,Some,people learn German instead of French.,12.,Who,did Tony visit in London?,1._(I)took them _(I).2.So _(we)is a bit bigger.,3._ is wearing a jacket and tie!,4.Did you enjoy _ in London?,5._(I)went to see _(I)friend Susie.And _(I)visited _ school.,6._(they)dont sit in rows.,I,myself,ours,Everyone,yourself,I,my,I,her,They,go,Ready?,7.And _(we)also have an excellent swimming team.,8._(it)looks really great.,9._ means more people to play with.,10._ lesson lasts for an hour.,11._ people learn German instead of French.,12._ did Tony visit in London?,we,It,This,Each,Some,Who,代词,人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,(,myself,yourself,himself,itself),指示代词,(,this,that,these,those,),不定代词,疑问代词,(who,whom,whose),主格,宾格,(,me,you,him),形容词性,(my,your,his,her),名词性,(,mine,yours,his,hers),可数,(each,one,many,few,either,),不可数,(much,a little),可数，不可数,(all,some,none,such),复合不定代词,(anybody,anything),(,I,you,he,she,),1.,人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示：,复数,单数,you,you,you,you,第二人称,them,they,him,her,it,he,she,it,第三人称,us,we,me,I,第一人称,宾格,主格,宾格,主格,数,格,人称人称代词,(1),人称代词有,主格,和,宾格,之分。人称代词在句中,作主语,时用,主格,形式，,作宾语,和,表语,时一般用,宾格,形式。如：,They,told,us,to get ready at once.,他们让我们马上准备好。,He,bought very nice birthday presents for,you,and,me,.,他给你和我买了非常好的生日礼物。,Who is,it,?,Its,me,.,是谁？,是我。,(2),人称代词在,than,之后,与其他人或事物进行比较,时，用,主格,和,宾格,都可以。,He is older than,me,.,He is older than,I,am.,宾格,代词（特别是,me,）,可以作主语,。主格代词一般不,单独使用,，也不用于,带,not,的简短回答中,，这些情况下往往用宾格代词。如：,Who wants a ride on my bike?,Me,!/Not,me,!,谁想骑我的自行车？,我！,(3),it,的用法,指,物,:,It,s a robot.,指,天气,:,It,s raining now,but it will be fine soon.,指,时间,:,It,s 9 oclock.,指,距离,:,It,s 20 miles from here.,作,形式主语,：,It,s important for us to fight pollution.,It,took me half an hour to finish the work.,It,s kind of you to say so.,作,形式宾语,:,We think,it,necessary to relax from time to time.,(4),人称代词的,顺序,：,当多个人称代词并用时，英语中人称代词的排列顺序与汉语不同。汉语中喜欢说“你、我、他”，而英语中通常要说,you,he/she and I,，复数人称代词的排列顺序是,we,you and they,。,指示代词包括,this,that,these,those1.,this,和,these,一般用来指在时间或空间上,较近的,事物或人,that,和,those,则指时间和空间上,较远的,事物或人。例如：,指示代词,This,is a pen and,that,is a pencil.,We are busy,these,days.,In,those,days the workers had a hard time.,Whats,this,(,that,)?,Its a book.,What are,these,(,those,)?,They are books.,2.,有时,that,和,those,指,前面讲到过的,事物,this,和,these,则是指,下面将要讲到的,事物。如,:,Hello!,This,is Mary.Is,that,Jack speaking,？,4.,this,在电话用语中代表自己,that,则代表对方。如：,Television sets made in China are just as good as,those,made in Japan.,3.,有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用,that,或,those,代替。如,:,I had a cold.,That,s why I didnt come.What I want to say is,this,:pronunciation is very important in learning English.,物主代词的人称、数和类别,如下表所示,:,his,his,hers,her,mine,my,第一人称,单数,theirs,their,第三人称,ours,our,第一人称,复数,yours,your,第二人称,its,its,第三人称,yours,your,第二人称,名词性物主代词,形容词性物主代词,类别,人称,数,人称,物主代词,This is,my,(,形容词性物主代词,)book.,=This book is,mine,.(,名词性物主代词,),His,is the newest dictionary in,our,class.他的字典是我们班最新的。,物主代词,包括,形容词性物主代词,和,名词性物主代词,。,名词性物主代词,从意思上讲相当于“,形容词性物主代词,+,名词,”，其作用与名词相同。,人称,数,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,单数,myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,复数,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,英语中用来表示“,你自己,”、“,我自己,”、“,他自己,”、“,我们自己,”，“,你们自己,”等意义的代词称反身代词。形式如下表：,反身代词,1.,作宾语,Help,yourself,to some cakes.,I can look at,myself,in the mirror.,She is too weak to take care of,herself,.,May I introduce,myself,?,2.,作同位语（加强语气）,I,myself,go to the airport to meet my uncle.,You must do it,yourself,.,You should ask the teacher,himself,.,反身代词可在句中作,宾语,和,同位语,(,起,加强语气,的作用,),。,by oneself,亲自,call oneself,自称,lose oneself,迷路,teach oneself,自学,enjoy oneself,过得快乐,help oneself to,随便吃,/,用,devote oneself to,献身于,dress oneself,自己穿衣服,speak to oneself,自言自语,常见的含有反身代词的短语：,疑问代词有,who,whom,whose,what,和,which,等疑问代词用于,特殊疑问句,中，一般放在句首，可以作主语、表语、定语和宾语等。,Who,called you right now?(,作主语,),What,is this?(,作表语,),Whose,umbrella is this?(,作定语,),Whomare you waiting for?(,作宾语,),Which,is yours?(,作主语,),Which,do you want?(,作宾语,),疑问代词,不定代词是指,不明确代替任何特定名词的词,。不定代词可以代替名词和形容词，没有主格和宾格之分。常见的不定代词有：,不定代词,some,any,(a)few,(a)little,none,many,much,either,neither,one,each,every,both,all,other,another,表示“,一个,”，可以指,人,，也可以指,物,。在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。,one,代替上文中出现的,单数可数名词,所有格形式为,ones,复数可数名词用,ones,代替。,one,还泛指人。,One,should be strict with oneself.,If,one,want to visit the city,one,must find ones own guide.,1.,one,的用法,ones,前面一般都有定语修饰，,one,前面有定语修饰时，常用,a,(,an,),。,This apple is bigger than that,one,.,I dont like the green apples.Give me the red,ones,.,I have a new coat and several old,ones,.,Ive lost my pen.I want to buy,a,new,one,.,同：,one,和,it,都是为了避免同前面名词重复,用他们来代替前面提到的名词的。,异：,a.,The box is in the middle of the room.Move,it,away,please.(,代替的就是前面提到的,那件特指的事物,。,),b.,Do you want this big apple?,No,I want the small,one,.(,代替的是前面提到的,同类事物,，但不是同一件。,),one,和,it,的用法比较：,2.,some,和,any,some,和,any,都表示“一些”，既可以,指人,也可以,指物,可以,表示可数的,事物和人,也可以,表示不可数的,概念。,some,多用于,肯定句,中,而,any,用于,疑问句、否定句和条件句,。如,:,Some,of the students can speak German.,He had a lot of music CDs.Did he lend you,any,?,none,neither,都表示否定的意思,两者的区别在于,neither,用于,两者,而,none,用于,三者及以上,。如：,3.,none,和,neither,Yes,I saw two boys at the door,but,neither,(of them)is my brother.,None,(of the students)in my class want to take part in this trip.,none,除指,可数,的人和物外,还可以表示,不可数,的东西,可以指与,one,two,three,一样的数字概念。如：,I have a lot of money in my bag,but,none,is mine.,How many postcards have you sent?,None,.,含义用法,表示,肯定,表示,否定,用于,可数名词,a few,虽少,但有几个,few,不多,几乎没有,用于,不可数名词,a little,虽少，但又一点,little,不多,没有多少,4.,(a)little,和,(a)few,Do you have any water?,Yes,but only,a little,.,Little,is known about these areas of Mars.,He has many friends,but,few,are true friends/but only,a few,are true friends.,both,表示“,两者都,”，而,all,指,两者以上,，表示“所有，全体，一切”，还可以指不可数的事物。如,:,all,和,both,可用于主语之后，如：,5.,all,和,both,All,of the boys went to the cinema yesterday evening.,All,of the money is mine.,Which of the two shirts do you like?,I like,both,.,We,all,/,both,passed the exam.,We,all,/,both,students.,each,和,either,都可以表示“每一个”,each,可以表示,两者,、也可以表示,两,者以上,的“每一个”,either,只能表示,两者,中的“每一个如,:,6.,each,和,either,Each,of us/We,each,got a nice card on that special day.,Which of the two shirts do you want?,Either,will do.,注意,:,either,表示一种选择,如上面一例,表示“哪个都可以”,说明购物者要买一件衬衣而不是两件都要。如表示两件都要,则用,both,。,each,也可用于句末。如,:,The old man gave the boys two apples,each,.,each,every,可单独使用,不可单独使用,可与,of,连用,不可与of,连用,可做主语,(,的一部分,),、宾语,(,的一部分,),状语,仅用作定语,着重个别,着重全体,无一例外,7.,each,和,every,The teacher gave a toy to,each,child.,We,each,have our own car.,Every,child likes playing.,介词,1.We go,to,school every weekday,from,8:45 am,to,3:15 pm.,2.We have a large sports ground,for,football and tennis,where we can play both,during,and,after,school hours.,3.Ive been,at,River School,London,since I was eleven.,Observe the following sentences carefully.They are all from this module.,Observe,4.River School is a secondary school,about,twenty minutes away,from,my home,by,bike.,5.There,our head teacher tells us news,about,the school.,6.,During,the school year there are usually visits,to,museums and,to,camps,for,activities such as climbing and walking,in,the country.,7.,In,the afternoon,we have two more lessons before school finishes.,8.Its lucky we dont have exams,in,every subject.,1.We go _,school every weekday _ 8:45 am _,3:15 pm.,2.We have a large sports ground _ football and tennis,where we can play both _ and _ school hours.,3.Ive been _,River School,London,since I was eleven.,4.River School is a secondary school,_ twenty minutes away _,my home _ bike.,to,from,to,during,for,after,at,about,from,by,go,Ready?5.There,our head teacher tells us news _ the school.,6._ the school year there are usually visits _ museums and _ camps _ activities such as climbing and walking _ the country.,7._ the afternoon,we have two more lessons before school finishes.,8.Its lucky we dont have exams _ every subject.,about,During,to,to,for,in,In,in,介词,表示时间,表示场所,表示方向,表示方式、手段,表示材料,其他,at,in,on,before,after,by,until,till,for,during,through,from,since,at,in,on,under,by,near,between,around,of,from,in,of,from,as,by,with,on,into,out of,along,across,1.,表示,年、月、日、时刻,等用,at,in,on,2.,表示,时间的前后,用,before,after,3.,表示,期限,等用,by,until,till4.,表示,期间,等用,for,during,through,5.,表示,时间的起点,等用,from,since,6.,表示,时间的经过,等用,in,within,点击,链接,点击,链接,点击,链接,点击,链接,点击,链接,点击,链接,表示时间的介词,at,lunch,午餐时,at,breakfast,早餐时,at,night,在夜间,at,first,起初,at,times,偶尔，有时,at,the same time,同时,We usually have lunch,at noon/at twelve,.,我们通常中午吃午饭,(,十二点吃午饭,),。,at&on&in,at,用于表示,时刻、时间的某一点,。,注意：表示时间的名词前有,this,last,next,every,等修饰时，其前面不加介词。,this morning,今天早上,last Monday,上周一,every week,每周,on,Monday,在周一,on,June 6,在,6,月,6,日,on,Tuesday morning,早餐时,on,May 4,2003,在,2003,年,5,月,4,日,on,Christmas Day,在圣诞节那天,on,the night of July(the)first,在七月一日夜晚,We didnt listen to the lecture,on,Wednesday afternoon,.,周三下午我们没去听演讲。,on,用于表示,某天,，,某一天的上、下午,(,指具体的某一时，一律用,on),in,the week,在这周,in,May,在五月,in,the holiday,在假期中,in,summer,在夏季,in,September,1995,在,1995,年,9,月,in,the morning,在上午,in,the 21st century,在二十一世纪,in,time,及时,in,an hour,一个小时后,People go skating,in winter,.,人们冬天去滑冰。,Do they work,in the day timeor at night?,返回,in,用于表示,周、月、季节、年,和泛指的,上午、下午、晚上,(,指在一段时间内,),before,在,之前,Wash your hands,before,dinner.,(before,作介词,),吃饭前请洗手。,He will call me,before,he leaves here/,before,ten oclock.,(,前一个,before,作连词；后一个,before,作介词,),他离开这儿之前,/,十点之前，将给我打电,话。,before&after,两者既可以作,介词,又可以作,连词,。,B.after,在,之后,Lets sing some songs,after,school.,(after,作介词,),放学后咱们唱歌吧！,Please close the door,after,you leave the,room.,(after,作连词,),离开房间后请关门。,返回,A.by,在,前,(,时间,),；截止,(,到,),by,the end of,在,底,(,之前,),by,then,到那时,by,the time+,从句 在,之前,How many English books had you read,by,the end of last year?,到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？,She had left,by,the time I arrived.,我到时,(,之前,),她已经走了。,by&until/till,B.until/till,直到,为止,(,时间,),We didnt begin to watch TV,until/till,nine,oclock.,一直到九点，我们才开始看电视。,I will wait for him,until,he comes here.,我将在这儿一直等到他来。,返回,for,达,之久,(,表示经过了多少时间,),可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，,但经常和完成时连用。,He has lived here,for,20 years.,他在这儿已经住了二十年了。,We will stay in the city,for,two days.,我们要在这座城市待两天。,for&during&through,B.during,在,期间,They are going to have a good rest,during,the summer holidays.,暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。,C.through,一直,(,从开始到结束,),They played the cards,through,the night.,He stayed in London,through,the winter.,比较：,for,和,during,。,for,之后大多跟表示,时间、具体天数等的数字名词。而,during,后决不能跟表数字的名词。,返回,from,从,起,(,时间,),表示“从,开始”时，一般都是用词组,fromto,，而单纯表示确切的“从几点开,始”时用,at,。,The meeting will be held,from,eight,to,ten.,这个会议将从,8,点开到,10,点。,The meeting will be held,at,eight.,会议将从八点钟开始。,from&since,B.since,自从,以来,(,表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续,),I have been sick,since,yesterday.,我从昨天起就病了。,(,强调一直病到现在,),The doctor has saved a lot of lives,since,he,became a doctor.,(since,作连词，引导时间状语从句,),这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多,人的生命。,返回,A.in,过,后,(,未来时间,),大多用在将来时,(,一般将来时和过去将来时,),。,in,an hour,一小时之后,in,a week or so,大约一星期之后,He will be back,in five hours,.,他五小时之后回来。,注意：如果用于过去式，用,after+,时间。,She went to,Nanjing,last May,and she,came back,after a month.,in&within,B.within,不超过,的范围,within,3 hours 3,小时之内,within,a week,一周之内,I must finish painting the cat,within,five,minutes.,我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。,比较：,within,和,in,。,within,强调“在,时,间之内”，没有时态的限制。,in,是以限制,为基础，,in an hour,是指从现在起一个小,时之后，所以,in,一般只用于将来时。,表示,场所,的介词,表示,方向,的介词,at,in,on,under,by,near,between,around,opposite,into,out of,along,across,through,up,past,表示场所、方向的介词,at,在某地,(,表示比较狭窄的场所,),at,school,上学,at,home,在家,at,Baker Street,在贝克街,2,号,stand,at,the door,站在门边,at,the bottom/back/end/head of,Ill meet him,at,the Beijing railway station.,我将去北京站接他。,at&in,B.in,在某地,(,表示比较宽敞的场所,),in,Beijing,在北京,in,the world,在世界上,in,the bed,躺在床上,in,China,在中国,in,a book/newspaper,在书上,/,报纸上,His brother is,in,prison.He was arrested 2,years ago.,Mike works,in,the prison.,She was born,in,China.,on,在,上面，有接触面。,on,the desk,在桌子上面,on,the map,在地图上,There are two maps,on,the wall.,墙上有两张地图。,on,在,靠近,的地方,on,the right,在右边,on,the river,在河边,on,the pavement,在人行道上,on&above&over&under&below,B.above,在,上方,Our plane flew,above,the clouds.,我们的飞机在云端上飞行。,C.over,在,正上方，是,under,的反义词,There is a light,over,Li Ming.,李明的正上方有一盏灯。,A few birds were flying,over,the sea.,有几只鸟在海上飞。,D.under,在,下面；在,之内,under,the table,桌子下面,under,the jacket,在夹克内,The dog is,under,the table.,这只狗在桌子下面。,C.below,在,下方,(,不一定是正下方,),正下方是,under,，,below,是,above,的反义词。,There are a lot of fishes,below,the surface,of the water.,水下面有许多各式各样的鱼。,near,近的，不远的,near=not far,，是,far,的反义词。,near,还可以指时间，,如：,in the,near,future,在不久的将来,Is there a bus stop,near,here?,这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？,B.by,在,旁边，距离比,near,要近,by,the window,在窗户边,by,me,在我旁边,The boy is standing,by,the window.,near&by,between,在两者之间,My teacher is sitting,between,Tom and,Mike.,我们的老师正坐在汤姆和麦克之间。,Whats the difference,between,A and B,？,B.among,在三者或更多的之中,There is a beautiful house,among,the trees.,在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。,He is very popular,among,the students.,他在学生之中很受欢迎。,between&among&around,C.around,环绕，在,周围，在,四周,We sat,around,the table.,我们在桌子四周坐下来。,The earth moves,around,the sun.,地球围绕太阳转。,in(the)front of,在,的前面,(,前部,),There is a tree,in front of,the house.,在房屋前面有一棵树。,There is a big desk for the teacher,in the,front of,the classroom.,在教室前部有一张大讲桌。,B.behind,在,后面,behind,是,in front of,的反义词,There is a tree,behind,my house.,我家房子后面有一棵树。,in front of&behind&opposite,C.opposite,在,对面,Our school is,opposite,a university.,我们学校在一所大学的对面。,He stood,opposite,me.,他站在我对面。,in,在,之内，用于表示静止的位置,The students are,in,the classroom.,学生们在教室里。,B.into,进入,用于表示有特定终点的运动的方向。通常,用于表示动作的动词之后。如：,go,come,walk,run,等。,The students run,into,the classroom.,学生们跑进教室。,He jumped,into,the water.,他跳入水中。,in&into&out of&up,C.out of,和,into,一样，也表示有一定的运动方向,The students rushed,out of,the room.,学生们冲出房间。,D.up,移动,The children climbed,up,the tree.,孩子们爬上了树。,along,沿着,I was walking,along,the river when it began to rain.,我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。,B.across,横过,I often swim,across,the river.,我常游泳横渡这条河。,along&across&past&through,C.past,经过,Every day he runs,past,the city hall.,他每天跑步经过市政府。,D.through,贯穿，通过,The sun shone,through,the clouds.,阳光穿过云层照射下来。,The river was,through,the city.,这条河穿过这个城市。,to,到达,地点,(,目的地,),或方向,He came,to,Japan in 1980.,B.for,表示目的地，“向,”,for,表目的时，一般都是和固定动词搭配。,leave,for,动身去,start,for,出发去,I will leave,for,America next week.,下周我将动身去美国。,C.from,从,地点起,Its about ten minutes walk,from,here to,the cinema.,to&from&for,注意：表示搭乘交通工具时，用by时不用,冠词，用in时要用冠词。,请比较,：,表示方式、手段的介词,by用某种方式，多用于交通。,如,：,by,bus,乘公共汽车,by,e-mail,通过电子邮件,I went there,by,bus/,in,a bus.,我是坐公共汽车去的那儿,。,He broke the window,with,a stone.,他用石头把玻璃砸坏了,。,注意,：,with表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词,。,They talked,on,the telephone.,他们通过电话进行交谈,。,She learns English,on,the radio/on TV.,她通过收音机/电视学英语,。,with,表示“用某种工具”。,如,：,on,表示“以,.