高中英语定语从句课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,The Attributive Clauses,Grammar,定语从句之限制性定语从句,The boy,who,is reading,is Tom.,先行词,关系代词,A hospital is,a place,where a doctor works,.,先行词,关系副词,基础知识,修饰限定关系,修饰限定关系,定语,从句,：,是指在,复合句,中，,修饰,或 的,从句,.,被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做,“,”,.,引导,定语从句的词,叫,“,”,基础知识,名词,代词,先行词,关系词,The strucure of an attributive clause,基础知识,先行词,名词或代词,关系词,关系代词和关系副词,从句,缺少主语/宾语/状语/定语，,但必须有谓语。,+,+,WHY?,已经作定语从句中的成分,定语从句好像一面镜子，对先行词进行描述,关系词,就是镜子里的“自己”，,在定语从句中代替先行词,先行词,就是主句中的,“本人”,同指,关系,这种情况不会出现，因为先行词或关系词,作定语从句中的相同成分（同指关系）,先行词作定语从句中的主语或宾语，,关系词也要作定语从句中的主语或宾语，,因而选用关系代词引导定语从句。,先行词作定语从句中的状语，,关系词也要作定语从句中的状语，,因而选用关系副词引导定语从句。,先行词,关系词,Have you learned about the city,where we are visiting?,Have you learned about the city,which we are paying a visit?,This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.,I,m using the pen which,he bought it,yesterday.,这种情况不会出现，因为关系词,已经作了定语从句中的成分，定语从句中不能出现相同成分,I still remember the years when we studied,together then.,Ive put the book where,it was there just now.,This is the point where,I disagree with.,改错：,定语从句中重复出现先行词或关系词所作的成分,引导定语从句的关系词,只指代人,只指代事物,人、物皆可,指地点,指时间,指原因,who，whom,which,that,whose,as,where,when,why,关系代词,关系副词,基础知识,作定语从句中的,主语、宾语、定语等,作定语从句中的,状语,The usage of the,relative pronouns,关系代词,指代,在定语从句中所充当的,成分,人,物,句子,主语,宾语,状语,who,whom,which,that,whos,e,表语,定语,as,关系词的实质,Join the following sentences:,The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,关系词的实质,Join the following sentences:,The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:,The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系词的实质,Join the following sentences:,The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系词的实质,Join the following sentences:,The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系词的实质,Join the following sentences:,The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系词的实质,Join the following sentences:,The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系词的实质,Join the following sentences:,The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系词的实质,Join the following sentences:,The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,we saw yesterday is Mary.,that/who/whom,The girl,注意定语从句中避免成分重复,1.代替,先行词;2.它还在定语从句中,担任,一定的,成分,;3.同时,连接,先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）,Have fun,关注如何使用关系词,带定语从句的谚语：,1.,God helps those,who help themselves.,自助者天助之。,2.He,who laughs last,laughs best.,谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。,3.,He,who doesnt reach the Great Wall,is not a true man.,不到长城非好汉。,先行词是人！,下面的句子明白了吗,?,1.,All,s well,that ends well,.,2.,Not,all,that glitters,is gold.,闪光的未必都是金子。,结果好就一切都好。,先行词是,事物！,关注：先行词有,特殊修饰成分！,English is the most subject,Make sentences:,下面的句子明白了吗,?,The dictionary is the only place,_ success comes before,work.,只有在字典里，“成功”,才会出现在“工作”之前。,先行词是,事物，也有,特殊修饰，但是,先行词作定语从句中的,状语成分！,？,where,Summary:关系词,判 断 规 律,:,?,先行词,是什么？,有何特殊修饰？,作定语从句中的什么成分？,定语从句及主句的句式特征,“四位一体”,成分优先,The SEMS is a/the.school.,Mr.Wu is a/the.teacher.,Make sentences as many as you can!,9,9,语法填空中相关问题练习,I have many friends,some of _ are businessmen.,_ is reported in the newspaper,talks between the two countries are making progress.,whom,As,3.Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday,_made me very happy.,4.The old man has two sons,and both of _ are teachers.,5.This is the place _ we met yesterday.,6.There are many reasons _ people like traveling.,which,them,where,why,7.The first textbook that _(write)for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.,8.This is the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work.,9.The house _ they built last year are being rebuilt.,was,written,that/which,that/which,10.The mother told the lazy boy to work，_ didnt help,11.This is the only work _ we can work out.,12.The mother told the lazy boy to work._ didnt help,13.My girl friend told me the day _ she was born.,14.My girl friend told me the day _ she had chosen.,which,that,It,when,which/that,15.I still remember the day _ I first came to the school.,16.It was on October 1st,1949 _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.,17.The bridge which build)here now is about 1,000 meters long.18._ is expected,our team won the football match.,when,that,are being built,As,19.This is the town _ she lived in Germany when she was young.,20.This is the time,_,_ reminded us of the happy life in out school.,21.I met twenty students.Some of _ are good at English.,22.We reached the mountain,on the top of _we saw a beautiful scene.,where,that/whic,h,them,which,判断下列句中是否含有定语从句,Green,fields is a small town,with about 10,000 people living there,.,It is enough time,that we need most,.,It was a time,when no human beings existed,（存在）,.,That was really an easy and pleasant time,when I chatted with Father over dinner,.,I have put the book,where it was,.Where is it now？,It seems,that he will be late,.,with复合结构,强调句,定语从句,地点状语从句,时间状语从句,名词性从句,1.Try to find all the sentences with attributive clauses in the passage.,2.Finish off the exercises in your learning papers.,The Attributive Clause is,a grammatical item that is,hard to master,but its so,useful,common,and charming,that,we must learn it better,now,!,定语从句,定语从句是一项难学的语法项目，但是它如此有用、常见而又迷人，所以我们一定要现在就学好它！,Thank you.,Group work:Find all,sentences,with attributive clause,s,in the text,(P26).,?,Discussion,1But the people in the city,_,_ _,，,went to sleep as usual that night.,2.,It was,felt,in Beijing,_,who,thought little of these events,which,is more than 200 kilometers away.,3.,A huge crack _,_,_ _ cut across houses,roads and canals.,4.,The number of people _,_,_ _ reached more than 400,000.,that,was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide,who,were killed or injured,5,.Then,later that afternoon,another big quake_,_,_,_ shook Tangshan.,6,.The army organized teams to dig out those,_,_.,7.Workers built shelters for survivors _.,which was almost as strong,as the first one,who were trapped and to bury the dead,Group work:Find all,sentences,with attributive clause,s,in the text,(P26).,whose homes had been destroyed,!,Dont miss the title of the passage:,定语从句！省略了关系词when。再如：,This is the place,(where),he works.,A NIGHT,THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP,定语从句关系词的判定,I am sure she has something,(that),you can borrow.,先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时，,用that而,不用which 做关系代词,。,关系词的判定：先行词,是什么,？,They talked of,things and persons,that,they remembered.,2.,先行词既有人又有物，,用that而不用which 或who(m)做关系代词,。,关系词的判定：先行词,是什么,？,I didnt like,the way,_ she talked to me.,The way,_ he teaches English is interesting.,3.先行词是,a/the way/ways,，意为“方式、方法”并且作定语从句中的,方式状语,时，引导定语从句的关系词用,that/in which或省略,。,（,that/in which,）,（,that/in which,）,关系词的判定：先行词,是什么,？,4.当先行词为,point,situation,case等表示“情况，境地，场合,”或为,activity/match/race/party等表示“活动”,意思而且作定语从句中的,状语,时，其后定语从句常由,where,引导。如：,Can you think of,a situation,where,this phrase can be used?,I decided to go to,the party,where,I could meet some old friends.,关系词的判定：,先行词有何,特殊修饰,成分？,This is the first book,(that),he has read.,This is the very book,that,belongs to him.,1,.先行词被,序数词或形容词最高级,修饰时，,用that不用which 做关系代词,。,2,.先行词被,the only,the very,the same,the last等,修饰时，,用that不用which 做关系代词,。,3,.先行词被,all,every,no,some,any,little,much等,修饰时，,用that不用which 做关系代词,。,I,ve read all the books,that,are not mine.,关系词的判定：先行词有何,特殊修饰成分,？,as 的使用,This is,such,an interesting book _,we all like.,This is,so,interesting a book _,we all like.,as,as,定语从句,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。,定语从句,关系词的判定：先行词有何,特殊修饰成分,？,as 的使用,that,as,定语从句,定语从句,This is the same book _ I lost.,This is the same book _ I lost.,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,关系词的判定：,先行词,作定语从句中什么成分,？,原则上先行词作定语从句中的,主语,、,宾语,、,介词宾语,，要用,关系代词,引导定语从句；先行词作定语从句中的,状语,，要用,关系副词,引导定语从句。,缺什么补什么,但最难判断的是先行词到底,作宾语,还是,作状语,，此时一定要抓住,定语从句的谓语动词的特点,，特别是定语从句的谓语动词是,及物动词还是不及物动词,。,关系词的判定：,先行词,作定语从句中什么成分,？,先行词作定语从句中的,主语、宾语、介词宾语,缺主语,无论谓语什么,形式,主语,vt.,缺宾语,主语,vi./be,表语 介词,缺宾语,主语 双宾语,vt.,缺一个宾语,主语,vt.,缺宾语,宾补,关系代词,:,who/whom/whose/that/which/as,关系词的判定：,先行词,作定语从句中什么成分,？,先行词作定语从句中的,状语,主语,vi.,缺状语,主语,vt.,宾语,缺状语,主语,be,表语,缺状语,主语,be done,（被动语态）,缺状语,主语,vt.,双宾语,/,复合宾语,缺状语,关系副词,：,when/where/why(,或介词,which),1.when,where,why,&,that,which,This is the reason _,(=for which),I didn,t come here,.,The reason _,she,gave was not true,.,why,which/that,指时间、地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中,作主语或宾语,，用关系代词,which或that,引导定语从句；先行词如在定语从句中作,状语,，要使用,关系副词,引导定语从句,。,主语 双宾语,vt.,缺一个宾语,主语,vi.,缺状语,1)I,ll never forget the day _,we,first met in the park,.,2)I,ll never forget the time _,I spent with you,.,3),This is the museum _,_,_,_,I,paid a visit last year,.,4)This is the museum _,I,visited last year,.,when,which/that,wh,ere,which/that,1.when,where,why,&,that,which,主语,vi.,缺状语,主语,vt.,缺宾语,主语,vt.,宾语,缺状语,主语,vt.,缺宾语,5)This is the story _,the old,man told us young people,.,6)This is the story _,the,old man told us young people his experience,.,7),This is the,point,_,_,_,_,I,dont agree,.,8)This is the point _,I dont,agree with,.,that/which,where/in which,wh,ere,/with which,which/that,1.when,where,why,&,that,which,主语 双宾语vt.,缺一个宾语,主语,vt.,双宾语,缺状语,主语,vi.,缺状语,主语,vi.,介词,缺宾语,9)Later,they came to a place,_,the natives called the,Ghost Cave,.,10)This is the very case _,a new word is used uncorrectly,although,it has been learnt by heart.,that/which,where,1.when,where,why,&,that,which,主语,vt.,缺宾语,宾补,主语,be done,（被动语态）,缺状语,定语从句中的某个名词,从属于先行词,，意为,“先行,词的.”,，即先行词作定语从句中该名词的,定语,，,此时定语从句,用whose 引导,。,whose表示所属关系,The river _ banks are covered with flowers and trees flows to the sea.,whose,关系词的判定：,先行词,作定语从句中什么成分,？,2.Whose 的使用,whose引导定语从句，其后应,紧跟名词,，构成名词,短语。whose引导定语从句时，其,先行词既可以指人,也可以指物,。,whose可与它所修饰的名词,一起作介词的宾语,。如：,The boss,in whose department,he worked,had heard of the news.,他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。,whose,引导的定语从句,应,注意,的要,点,2.Whose 的使用,whose的,先行词指物,时，可用,of which,代替，但,语序不同,，即whose+名词=,the,+名词+of which，或=of which+,the,+名词。如：,The book,whose cover(=the cover of which或of which the cover),is,broken,is,the one he lent me,.,whose的,先行词指人,时，可用,of whom,代替，但,语序不同,，即whose+名词=,the,+名词+of whom，或=of whom+,the,+名词。如：,The boy,whose face(=the face of whom或of whom the face),turns red,is telling a lie.,There are 20 students in this class,_ are different.,A.whose backgrounds,B.backgrounds of whom,C.of whom the backgrounds,D.the backgrounds of whose,Whose 的使用,3.当先行词在定语从句中,作be表语,时，,用that而不用which 做关系代词。,She isn,t the girl,that,she was 10 years,ago.,关系词的判定：,先行词,作定语从句中什么成分,？,2.关系代词前,有介词,，,用which指物、用whom指人,不用that；,This is the house,in which,he was born.,1.,非限制性,定语从句中，关系代词,用which指物、用who(m)指人,不用that；,Alice received an invitation from her,boss,which,came as a surprise.,关系词的判定：,定语从句,以及,主句,的,句式特征,？,I agree with the idea _,_,_ you,thought,of.,that/which/(le,ft,out),做,of,的宾语,I agree with the idea,（主句）,_,y,ou,thought,of which.,I agree with the idea _ you,thought,of.,of which,这就叫,介词提前,的关系代词，,prep+,关系代词。请思考：可用于介词后的关系代词有哪几个？,请还原,which,在从句中的位置,which/whom/whose,This is the boy.,I played tennis _the boy yesterday.,Well go to,visit,the famous s,chool,.,We have often talked _the famous s,chool,.,with,about,This is the boy,whom/that/who,I played tennis with.,Well go to,visit,the famous,school,wh,ich,/,that,/,we have often talked about.,with,about,3.主句为who,what或which的特殊疑问句，,定语从句的关系代词要使用that。,Who is the girl,that,drove the car?,Which is the book,that,you bought last,week?,4.主句为There be 句型时，,定语从句的关系,代词要使用that。,There are a lot of things,that,you,can,t,know about.,能力提高,9,9,定语从句常见错误,（难点重点突破）,1.,分不清关系词在从句中所担任的成分。,This is the place where I want to visit.,1.I,m very glad to return to my hometown _I had lived for 10 years.,2.This is my hometown _I used to talk about to you.,3.I think I can understand the reason_ he didn,t tell the truth to me.,4.No one believes the reason _he gave us about his absence at the meeting.,where,which,why,that/which,2.把含有被动语态的定语从句与过去分词作定语混淆。,The house was built 100 years ago is still there.,The house,built 100 years ago,is still there.,The house,which/that was built 100 years ago,is still there.,Many other materials such as cotton and wool also come from plants and animals _(raise)on farms.,The snake that_(save)by the farmer woke up,bit him and ran away.,which/that,was built,raised,was saved,3.因混淆定语从句、并列句，错用普通代词和关系词。,She failed in the test again,and which disappointed her parents.,She failed in the test again,it disappointed her parents.,She failed in the test again,which disappointed her parents.,She failed in the test again,and it disappointed her parents.,She failed in the test again.,And it/It,disappointed her parents.,4.混淆定语从句与强调句型,It is the factory _ Mr.Wang worksIt is in the factory _ Mr.Wang works,It is on the island _ they spent 10 years.,It is the island _ they spent 10 years.,It is on the date _ she went abroad.,It is the date _ she went abroad.,where,that,that,where,that,when,5.在写作中常见错误,1)在从句中使用了多余的代词,I,ll give you the book which you,ll find it interesting.,2)遗漏了关系词,I met the man stole my watch.,3)遗漏了应带的介词,Let,s find a room which we can put our things.,4)从句主谓一致,I won,t tell you the name of the person who teach me English.,who,in,teaches,Correct the sentences:,1.I,m using the pen which he bought it,yesterday.,2.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.,3.July 1,1999 is the day when we,ll never forget.,to,that,4.I,m going to work in the hospital where needs me.,5.Those that haven,t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.,which,who,Correct the sentences:,6.This is the last time when I,ve given you lessons.,7.The reason which he explained it to us again sounds reasonable.,that,why,Correct the sentences:,8.Miss Chen is the only one of the,few teachers who give us,wonderful English lessons in our,school.,gives,Correct the sentences:,9.Taiwan,that we know,belongs to China.,10.The bike by which I travelled was the one which my father bought me last month.,as,on,Correct the sentences:,that或去掉which,写作训练,写作中的定语从句,英语写作中使用定语从句无疑是一个亮点，但亮点必须真正亮起来。除了不要出现语法错误外，还要注意使用的语境和场合，避免弄巧成拙。试看下列句子：,Im Wang Lin who is chairman of our Students Union.,Im a student,whose name is LiHua.,He introduced me a book which is interest,i,ng.,这样的句子好吗,?,定语从句好用但不能滥用，如上述句子在实际语言交际中所含信息量较少，根本无需用定语从句。就核心用法而言，定语从句的功能是要突出一个人或事物作为主体，从多个角度提供关于主体的信息和特征。,所以上述句子不妨改为：,I,m Wang Lin,chairman of our Students,Union.,My name is LiHua,a,17-year-old girl,student,from China,.,He introduced me a,n,interest,i,ng boo,k,.,21分,貌似定语从句,22分,没有语法错误的定语从句，但语义不通,24分,较好的定语从句，,但谓语动词时态错误,同位语从句,1.Neat your notebooks.,2.Finish off the exercises.,Thank you.,THE END,