八年级下册unit8语法课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 8,Have,you,read,Treasure Island,yet,?,Section A Grammar Focus,现在完成时态,Present Perfect Tense,Grammar Focus,Have,you,read,Little Women,yet,?,Yes,I,have,./No,I,havent,.,Has,Tina,read,Treasure Island,yet,?,Yes,she,has,.She thinks its fantastic.,Have,you,decided,which book to write about,yet,?,Yes,I,have,.Ive,already,finished reading it.It was really good.,现在完成时的构成,:,现在完成时是由,“,助动词,have/has+,动词,的过去分词,”,构成,。助动词要和主语的人,称、数保持一致。,现在完成时,1.,现在完成时动词构成,have/has+v,过去分词,助动词,否定,have,nt,has,nt,疑问,Have,you?,Has,he?,I,have,nt,read it yet.,She,has,nt,finished her homework.,Have,they read Treasure Island yet?,Has,he decided where to go?,现在完成时的用法,:,(1),表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,I,have,already,read,Treasure Island.,I,have returned,the book to the library.,I,have bought,a new house.,现在完成时的时间状语,:,(1),用副词,already,和,yet,。,already,一般用于肯定句中,yet,一般用于否定句和疑问句中。,We have,already,finished our homework.,We havent finished our homework,yet,.,Have you finished doing your homework,yet,?,(2),用,ever,和,never,。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示,“,曾经,”,或,“,从未,”,等。,Have you,ever,been to the Great Wall?,你曾经去过长城吗？,No,I have,never,been to the Great Wall.,不,我从未去过长城。,No,never,.,不，从来没有。,现在完成时的时间状语,:,(3),用副词,just,和,before,。,I have,just,finished my homework.,They have,never,visited the Great Wall,before.,.,Have you,ever,been to Hong Kong,before,?,(4),用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如,so far/up to now,in the past/last few years,等,。,So far,we,have learned,seven units,Deqing,has changed,a lot,in the past/last few years.1),.,for,+表示,一段,时间的短语,(2).,since,+表示,过去时间点,的词语,(3).,since,+表示过去时间的时间状语,从句,eg.I have been a teacher _ 24 years.,I have been a teacher _ 1990.,I have been a teacher _ 24 years ago,for,since,since,I have been a teacher _ I graduated from the university.,since,(2),表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,也可能仍然在进行。常带有,for,和,since,等表示一段时间的状语,。,现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词,英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的。,终止性动词也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词，如,:,open,close,become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,die,leave,go,come,join,marry,start,stop,等。,I,have,already,borrowed,a book.,I,have borrowed,a book,for two weeks,.,终止性动词表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,如,for+,时间段、,since+,时间点,/,从句连用,也不能用在,how long,引导的特殊疑问句。,以下是常用的瞬间性动词和延续性动词转换对应表,:,come be(in),buy have,borrow keep,leave be away,die be dead,stop be over,begin/start be on,open-be open,close-be closed,I,have,bought,this car,for two years,.,since 2012,.,I,have,had,this car for two years.,since 2012.,若保留,for+,时间段,since+,时间点,/,从句,或用在,how long,句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。,不能说,:,*He has,come,to,Beijing,for,two,years,.,*He has,bought,that book,for,three,weeks,.,*He has,joined,the Army,for one and a half years,.,*His grandma has,died,for,nine,months,.,He has,got,up for 5minutes.,可以说,:,He has,been in,Beijing for two years.,He has,had,that book for three weeks.,He has,been,in the army for one and a half years.,His grandma has,been,dead,for nine months.,He has,been,up for 5minutes.,1.I borrowed the library book two days ago.,I _ _the library book_ two days.,2.The meeting started ten minutes ago.,A.The meeting_ _ _ _ten minutes ago.,B.The meeting_ _ _ _ten minutes.,have kept,for,has been on,has been on,since,for,同义句,3.My brother joined the Party last year.,A.My brother _ _ _the Party since last year.,B.My brother_ _ _ party member since last year.,4.He left Nanjing two years ago.,He_ _ _ _,Nanjing for two years.,has been,in,has been a,has been away from,5.That dog died last month.,That dog_ _ _since last month.,6.He has had the bike for two years.,A.Two years_ _since he _the bike.,B.Its _ _since he_ the bike.,C.He _the bike two years_.,has been dead,has passed,bought,two years bought,bought ago,1,、,They have been here,since 2000,.(,对划线部分提问,),_ _ have they been here?,2,、,The old man _ last year.(die/dead),He _ _ _ for a year.(die/dead),（选词填空）,3,、,This factory opened twenty years ago.(,同义,句转换,),This factory _ for twenty years.,How long,died,has been open,has been dead,4,、,Miss,Gao,left an hour ago.(,同义句转换,),Miss,Gao,_ _ _ _ an hour.,5,、,Her mother has been a Party member for three years.,（同义句）,Her mother _ the Party three years _.,has been away for,joined,ago,改写句子,1.My father came back from the bookshop just now.,My father _,just,_ _ the book shop2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001.,He _ _ Chinese,since 2001,.,3.The film began two minutes ago.,The film _ _ _,since two minutes ago,.,4.He has had the motorbike for two years.,Its two years _he _ the motorbike.,He _ the motorbike two years _.,Two years _ _,since,he _ the motor,bike.,has,returned,from,has,learned,has been on,since,bought,bought,ago,has passed,bought,现在完成时：,表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，,不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：,in 1990,，,last Sunday,等）。,一般过去时：,一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。,现在完成时,与一般过去时的区别：,3.,现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，,一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身,与现在,的结果无关。,现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上,的区别举例如下：,I,have cleaned,my room.(My room is clean now.),我已经打扫过我的房间了。,I,cleaned,my room last week.(I did it in the past.),我上周打扫了我的房间。,Father,has,gone,to,Amoy.(He went to Amoy and,he is not here now.),爸爸已经去厦门了。,They,have,bought,a dictionary.(They bought,a dictionary and they have it now.),他们买了一本字典。,1.I _heard of that story before.,A.dont have B.not have C.have not D.not to have,2.She s never been to that factory,_?,A.is she B.was she C.does she D.has she,3.Have you made dumplings_?No,I havent.,A.just now B.yesterday C.ago D.before,4.Tom_ ill since last night.,A.was B.is C.has been D.be,5.How long have you_ _ Nanjing?,A.gone to B.been to C.been in D.went to,C,D,D,C,C,6.How many times has Jim _that park?Twice.,A.gone to B.been to C.been in D.went to,7.Ive_ this dictionary for half a year.,A.bought B.had C.,lended,D.borrowed,8.She wont go to the cinema this evening because she,_the film before.,A.has seen B.saw C.sees D.is seeing,B,B,A,句型,转换,1.I have finished my homework.,I _ _ my homework.(,改为否定句,),_ you _ your homework?(,改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答,),Yes,，,_ _.,答案：,1.havent finished,Have,；,finished,；,I have,2.His dream has come true.(,改为一般疑问句并作否定回答,),-_ his dream _ true?,-No,，,_ _.,答案,：,2.Has,；,come,；,it hasnt,Exercises,4a Use the words in brackets to,complete the conversations.,1.A:Would you like something to drink?,B:No,thanks._.,(just/drink some tea),2.A:I heard you lost your key.,_?(find),B:No,not yet.,I have just drunk some tea,Have you found it,3.A:Do you know when Tom is leaving?,B:_.,(already/leave),A:When _?(leave),B:This morning.,4.A:Is your sister going to the movies,with us tonight?,B:No._.,(already/see the film),He has already left,did he leave,She has already seen the film,5.A:What do your parents think about,our plan?,B:I _.(not/tell,them/yet),havent told them yet,Why is Mr.Yang still in the teachers,office?,Maybe he _ his work yet.,A.doesnt finish B.hasnt finished,C.havent finished,B,4b Fill in the blanks with the correct,forms of the words in the brackets.,Sally _(love)reading.In the morning she reads the newspaper and in the evening she reads books.She _ already _(read)more than 100 different books.Her favorite kind of books is science fiction.She is interested in science and technology and loves to imagine what the world _(be)like in 50 years.,loves,has,read,will be,She _(finish)reading a book about robots last week and _(write)a book report about it next week for her French class.Every time she is in the library,Sally looks at the many books she _(not read)yet and she cant wait to read them.,finished,will write,hasnt read,Groupwork,4c Complete the chart with information about you and your friend.,A:What books have you already read?,B:I have already read Tom Sawyer and,Harry Potter.,A:What do you think of them?,B:Well,I think Harry Potter was exciting,but Tom Sawyer was a bit boring.,You,Your friend,Comments,Books I have already read,Movies I have already seen,Songs I have already heard,单项选择。,()1.Have you taken out the trash,Belly?,_.Ill do it right away.,A.Sorry,I have B.No,I didnt,C.No,I dont D.Not yet,()2.Have you _ visited Shanghai?,No,_.,A.ever;not B.never;not,C.ever;never D.never;ever,D,C,()3.Could you go to the park with me this afternoon?,Sorry,I _ there.I went there,yesterday.,A.have gone Bhave been,C.went D.was,()4.Have you washed your clothes _?,No,I havent.But I have cleaned the room _.,A.ago;already B.yet;yet,C.before;yet D.yet;already,B,D,()5.I am a soldier.I _ the,army _ about five years.,A.have joined;since,B.have joined;for,C.have been in;for,D.have been in;since,C,中考链接,(2010河北省卷,41.1)My brother left school in 2005,and since then he,in Beijing.,A.lives B.lived,C.will live D.has lived,(2010,湖北省黄冈市，,35,，,1)-I joined the League _ May,2008.What about you?,-Ive been a League member _ three years.,A.in;for B.on;in,C.on;forD.in;since,D,A,So far many new houses _ in,Wenchuangwith the help of the government.,A.build B.are built,C.will build D.have been built,答案：,D,【,解析,】,考查动词的时态。句中有,So far“,到目前为止”，使用现在完成时态，故选,D,。,一、过去式和过去分词的变化相同,规则变化,：,1.,一般在动词词尾直接加,ed,。如：,pick picked picked;wish wished wished;stay stayed stayed,2.,以不发音的,e,结尾的动词后面加,d,。如：,like liked liked;hope hoped hoped;phone phoned phoned,3.,以“辅音字母,+y”,结尾的动词，变,y,为,i,，再加,-ed,。如：,study studied studied;hurry hurried hurried;reply replied replied,4.,词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加,-ed,。如：,stop stopped stopped;clap clapped clapped,不规则变化：,5.,以不变应万变,。如：,let let let;put put put;read read read,6.,若中间有双写,e,，则去掉一个,e,，单词末尾再加,t,。如：,feel felt felt;keep kept kept;sleep slept slept,7.,结尾的字母,d,变,t,。如：,lend lent lent;build built built;send sent sent,8.,变为以,-ought,或,-aught,结尾,。如：,buy bought bought;bring brought brought;catch caught caught;teach taught taught,句式,1.,肯定句：主语,+have/has+,过去分词,(+,其他,),2.,否定句：主语,+have/has+not+,过去,分词,(其他,),3.,一般疑问句：,have/has+,主语,+,过去,分词,(+,其他,),4.,特殊疑问句,：,特殊疑问词,(,不是句子主语,)+have/has,+,主语,+,过去分词,(+,其他,),2),特殊疑问词,(,是句子主语,)+have/has+,过去分词,(+,其他,),活学活用,1.Write the forms of the past tense and,past participle:,drink _ _,see _ _,find _ _,leave _ _,tell _ _,drank drunk,saw seen,found,found,left,left,toldtold,()【2013,广西贵港,】,Do you know the movie,Lost in,Thailand,?,Yes.I _ it twice.Its funny.,A.saw B.see C.have seen D.will see,C,中考链接,()【2013,黑龙江牡丹江,】,Lunch?,No,thanks.I_.,A.will eat B.am eating C.have eaten,()【2013,湖北黄冈,】,Where is Tom?We cant find,him anywhere.,Perhaps he _ home.,A.has come B.is going,C.went D.was going,C,A,already,一般用于肯定句，用于疑问句时表示惊讶，出乎意料。,常放于句中，实义动词之前，助动词之后。,yet,一般用于否定句或疑问句。,常放在句尾，not yet常用在答语中，意为“尚未；还没有”。,e.g.I havent seen her these days.,Ive known Bob for three years.,Ive been at this school for over two years.,时间状语,2.,表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，,一直延续到现在，而且可能还要继续下去。,for,two years,since,two days ago,since,2012,since,I came here,现在完成时的用法,:,(1),表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,Have you had lunch,yet,?Yes,Ive,just,had it.,常使用,already,yet,ever,never,just,before,等时间副词。,-Not yet.,-No,I havent had it yet.,