存储中卷组的基本概念.ppt

Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,存储中卷组的基本概念,A solution,RAID,Provides for highly available data despite a disk failure,Provides for online reconstruction of lost data,Costs space,Industry standard redundancy algorithms,RAID Concept-Parity,Storage Capacity,=(Disk Capacity)-(Parity Data),Parity Data,is redundant information that can be used for data reconstruction.,RAID Concept,the Cost,For RAID 1,the Parity Data uses 50%of the total disk space;data is either mirrored,or there are two copies of the data.,For RAID 5,the Parity Data uses 1/(#of disks)of total disk space and parity data is interleaved among all disks,For more information:www.raid-www.raid-Concept:XP Array RAID Group,Think of RAID protected XP Array,storage space,in a,logical,way:,RAID data is protected,usable storage space,users,DO NOT,know exactly were the data is,vendors implement RAID types in different ways.,General Concept:From Disks to RAID Group,A Group of Disks,A RAID Group,RAID Control,Protected Data,Un-Protected Data,From a group of independent disks to a RAID group,XP Specific Concept:XP Array Parity Group,From a XP Array Marketing Array Group of independent disks to an XP Array Parity Group,XP Marketing Array Group,XP Array Parity Group,RAID Control,Protected Data,Un-Protected Data,XP Array,Free Space,Usable space,in the XP Array is found within a Parity Group and is called,Free Space,.,Free Space is available to the customer,but NOT in its raw form.,Free Space is availalable for use AFTER the Array group has been formatted.,An array may have 200 Gbytes of raw Free Space per a Parity Group that must be formatted for customer usage.,9,Creating a Parity Group,Q.How is Free Space created?,A.By creating a Parity GroupProcess:,A RAID level must be defined for an XP Array Domain,this should already have been performed.,A Marketing Array Group of disks must be installed into the array Domain.,Now,we have a Parity Group with Free Space available!,Sept 2004,HP Restricted,10,Using Free Space,To use Free Space for data storage,four tasks must be performed.,Define an Emulation Type for the Parity Group,thereby creating Volumes-virtual storage devices/disks.,Assign Volume information to the newly created Volumes to uniquely identify the devices.,Map the Volumes to a CHIP*port.,Connect a server to the CHIP port.,*CHIP means Client Host Interface Processor(analogous to an HBA on a server),Sept 2004,HP Restricted,11,Emulation Types,Normal disk drives come in different sizes;XP Arrays offer customers a set of predefined,“,disk,”,sizes.,These predefined,“,disk,”,sizes are known as,Emulation Types,.,An Emulation Type must be defined for a Parity Group,thereby partitioning the Free Space into predefined Open-Volume sizes.,Only one Emulation Type may be assigned to a Parity Group.,Emulation Types&Normal Volumes,Normal Volumes are of a fixed size.Example:OPEN-3 Volumes are 2.347 MBytes in size.,When a Parity Group,s Free Space is partitioned during the Emulation Type Configuration task,any remaining space left over is still Free Space.,Remember,Free Space is not usable unless configured.,Sept 2004,HP Restricted,13,Using Available Space,First,assign an,Emulation Type,to the Parity Group,such as OPEN,E.,Parity Group,Free Space,Emulation Type Defined,OPEN-E,OPEN-E,OPEN-E,OPEN-E,Free Space,OPEN-E,Define Emulation Type,OPEN-E,Normal Volumes&Free Space,Example:,Let,s say I have the following,An Emulation Type with a defined size of 3.0 Gbytes,A Parity Group with 32 Gbytes of Free Space before setting the Emulation Type,After setting the Emulation Type,How many Normal Volumes will be created?,How much Free Space will be left?,Normal Volumes&Free Space,Solution:,How many Normal Volumes will be created?,Initial Free Space/Emulation Size per a Volume=#Volumes,(32 Gbytes of Free Space)/(3.0 Gbytes per a Volume)=?,32/3.0=,10 Volumes Created,Normal Volumes&Free Space,Solution:,How much Free Space will be left?,Initial Free Space,Used Free Space=Unused Free Space,(32 Gbytes of Free Space),(10 Volumes*3.0 Gbytes per a Volume)=Unused Free Space,32,30=,2.0 Gbytes of Free Space left,XP Array Volumes(LUNs),Regarding the XP array,a,Volume(LUN),refers to the CU:LDEV number.,The CU number defines a Control Unit and is used by the XP,s internal data structures to manage its virtual disks.One CU can contain 256 LDEV,s(,CU is a carry over from the old mainframe days where disk storage was addressed with an eight bit word),The LDEV(Logical Device)number is an arbitrary number from 0,255.,Together,the CU and the LDEV number uniquely identify a LUN in an XP Array disk Example:for CU=01&LDEV=2a,the Volume=01:2a,Assigning Volume Information,After specifying an Emulation Type for a Parity Group,next assign Volume Numbers to the OPEN-E,s,thereby uniquely identifying the new virtual disks.,Emulation Type Defined,OPEN-E,OPEN-E,OPEN-E,OPEN-E,Free Space,OPEN-E,Volume Assignments,0:0,1:0,1:1,Free,Space,2:1,Assign,Volume,Numbers,OPEN-E,2:0,OPEN-E,LUN Mapping?,“,LUN Mapping,”,should really be called,“,Volume Mapping,”,since that,s what it is,LUN Mapping is the process of mapping a,Volume,to a CHIP(Client Host Interface Processor)port for the purpose of allowing an external host to use the volumes for storage.,Mapping a Volume to a Port,An XP,Volume,(CU:LDEV)is visible to a server as a logical storage device(a LUN or Disk),only,after,being mapped to an array port that is connected to the host.,Alternate Paths:,A,Volume,mapped to more than one array port is said to have an alternate path.,A,Volume,with multiple paths to a host,will appear to a host as multiple and separate storage devices.,Two devices on a host with the same XP Array,Volume,(CU:LDEV)number are really alternate paths to the same Volume.,Volume Types,Normal Volumes,are sized according to the type of device being emulated(,Emulation Type,).,Open Systems have normal volume,“,OPEN-*,”,Emulation Types,such as OPEN-3/8/9/L/E.,Normal Volumes are of a fixed size.,Example,OPEN-3 Volumes are 2.347 MBytes in size.,Open-V volumes(Xp1024 and XP128 only)can be specified as any requested size from 45MB up to 2TB,Only one Emulation Type may be assigned to a Parity Group.,XP12000,Disk Emulations,Usable Space(space available for use by a host),Open3=2,461,040,640(2.4GB),Open8=7,347,732,480(7.3GB),Open9=7,384,596,480(7.4GB),OpenE=14.506 GB(14.5GB),OpenL=33.94 GB,OpenV=Variable,Open-V Volume Overview,Normal Volumes come in a predetermined,“,Emulation,”,size,Some Normal Volumes are OPEN-3/8/9/E/L/M,Custom Volumes are those of a,“,Custom Volume Size,”,also referred to as CVS Volumes,LUSE Volumes are groupings of identical Volumes to produce a larger Volume,Open-V is a new emulation type,OPEN-V Overview,OPEN-V is a new,“,Emulation,”,type applied across a parity group,Initial support with FW release 21.04.04,Provides a custom Volume size without past constraints.,Is an extension/combination of CVS&LUSE functionality,Requires CVS&LUSE products(licenses),Volume sizes from 46.8 MB,2 TB(limited),Capacity can be specified in either MB or Cylinder,Is really a new process that combines CVS and LUSE,Minimum Cache Memory(CM)&Shared Memory(SM)requirements must still be met,Can be specified across either 4 disk or 8 disk parity groups,Array configuration Addressing,Hardware,XP128/1024,No.Of CUs,32,No.of volumes/subsystem,Maximum 8192,Emulation type,OPEN-3/8/9/E/L/V,CVS,LUSE,No.of LUNs/path,512,LUN mapping(mapping volumes),Volume,mapping,Mapping a volume to one or more CHIP ports,Alternate paths,How to uniquely identify the XP disk seen by server?,Sept 2004,HP Restricted,27,Cannot mix disk sizes within a four disk array group,Disks can only be installed in sets of four identical disk,Can mix RAID types on an ACP pair,ex)RAID 0/1 and RAID5 groups can exist in the same ACP pair,HP XP1024,Disk and RAID Intermix Rules,Parity Group&Volumes,Parity Group,Array Group(RAID5 or RAID01),CU+LDEV=Volume,CU+LDEV=Volume,Carving up an Array Group into OPEN Emulations:Illustration 1,Open9,Open9,Open9,Open9,RAID5,36GB,HDD,36GB,HDD,36GB,HDD,36GB,HDD,Unused Space,Open9,Open9,Array Group,Carving up an Array Group into OPEN Emulations:Illustration 2,Array Group 1-1,RAID 0/1,73GB,HDD,73GB,HDD,OpenE,OpenE,Unused Space,OpenE,HDD,HDD,73GB,73GB,Open9,Open9,Open9,Open9,73GB,HDD,73GB,HDD,Unused Space,Open9,Open9,RAID 0/1,HDD,HDD,73GB,73GB,Array Group 1-2,More On Control Unit,Control Units,32 Control Units(CU)per DKC,A single CU can be combined with 256 LDEVs,Assigning 23 different control units(00-1f)to 256 LDEV ranges(00-ff)per CU allows for 8192 volumes,32 x 256=8192,64 Control Unit with second release,HPUX,Target,HPUX,Device,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,120,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,0,1,2,3,4,5,7,LUN ex#1,NT=Drive M,HPUX=c9t0d0,LUN ex#2,NT=Drive Z,HPUX=c9t2d2,VSC or,LUSE?,CU#,Array Group 1,(RAID5),LDEV,00,01,02,03,04,05,06,07,08,09,0a,0B,FF,00,01,02,FF,00,FF,00,FF,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,2,23,3,1:00 1:01 1:02,Array Group12(,RAID0/1),0:00,Volume,LUSE,Parity Group 2-1,DKU R1(back),No,Parity Group 1-1,IF HPUX?,Volume,Array Group 1,SP,SP,Array Group 2,Array Group 3,Array Group 4,1,st,B4,SP,SP,Array Group 5,Array Group 6,Array Group 7,Array Group N,2nd B4,Array Group 1,Array Group 2,Array Group 3,Array Group 4,Array Group 5,Array Group 6,Array Group 7,Array Group N,LUN#,00,00,