高三英语：复习课件——定语从句.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The Attributive Clause,定语从句,在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,定语从句有时也可以修饰一个句子。被定语从句所修饰的词叫,“,先行词,”,。,形式：,先行词,+,关系词,+,从句,This is the,book,that,I want.,定义,关系词,关系代词,:that,which,who,whom,whose,as,关系副词,:when,where,why,关系词,A plane is a machine,that,can fly.,The book,that,I have read is very good.,The boy,that,is reading the book is Jim.,The girl,that,we saw yesterday is Lily.,They planted the trees,which,didnt need much water.,The fish,which,we bought were not fresh.,The boy,who,broke the window is John.,The person,whom,you just talked to is Mr.Li.,Miss Wang is the teacher,whose,house caught fire last week.,Pass me the book,whose,cover is black.,Pass me the book,of which,the cover is black.,指人,指物,主语,宾语,that,which,who,whom,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,指人,指物,主语,宾语,that,which,who,whom,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,做,宾语,时可以省略,Join the following sentences:,The book is very good.I have read it.,The book is very good.I have read,that/which,.,The book,that/which,I have read is very good.,先行词和关系词的关系,Join the following sentences:,The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.,The girl is Mary.We saw,whom,yesterday.,The girl,whom,we saw yesterday is Mary.,先行词和关系词的关系,关系代词的用法练习1.The eggs were not fresh.I bought them yesterday.,2.The friend was not hungry.He came to supper last night.,3.He likes the cheese.It comes from his parents farm.,4.The noodles were delicious.You cooked them.,5.I dont like the people.They smoke a lot.,The eggs,(that/which),I bought were not fresh.,The friend,who/that,came to supper last night was not hungry.,He likes the cheese,that/which,comes from his parents farm.,The noodles,(which/that),you cooked were delicious.,I dont like the people,that/who,smoke a lot.,介词,+,关系代词的情况,1,The man whom you spoke was a scientist.,The city which she lives is far away.,to,in,介词,+,关系代词的情况,2,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.,The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词,+,关系代词的情况,3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.,The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,可见,who,、,that,不能用与介词之后,介词,+,关系代词的情况,4,Is this the watch that you are,looking for,?,The old man whom I am,looking after,is better.,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗,?,关系副词,when,表示时间，作状语；,where,表示地点，作状语；,why,表示原因，作状语。,I still remember,the day,when,I came here.,This is,the house,where,I lived last year.,There are many,reasons,why,people like traveling.,I still remember the day.I came here on the day.,替换,on the day,，用,when,定语从句为,I still remember the day,when,I came here.,若只是替换,the day,因为,the day,做的是,on,的宾语，所以用,which,定语从句为,I still remember the day,on which,I came here.,结论：在此句中可以用,on which,来替换,when.,关系副词可变为“介词,which”,I still remember,the day,when,I came here.,This is,the house,where,I lived last year.,There are many,reasons,why,people like traveling.,应根据句子的意思选用合适的介词。,on which=when,in which=where,for which=why,当先行词虽然表示时间、地点或原因，而关系词在从句中作主语、宾语而不是状语时，不可用,when,where,或,why,而应该用,that,或,which,。,I like the city _ there is a beautiful lake.,I like the city _ has a beautiful lake.,where,which/that,The reason _ he didnt come to school yesterday is that he was ill.,The reason _ he gave isnt true.,I will never forget the day _ my son was born.,I will never forget the day _ I spent with Chairman Mao.,why,which/that,when,which/that,1.,Ill never forget the days_ we,worked,together.,2.Ill never forget the days _ we,spent,together.,3.I went to the town,I,lived,ten years ago.,4.I went to the place _ I,visited,ten years ago.,5.This is the reason _ he was late.,6.,This is the reason _ he,gave,.,when,which/that,where,which/that,why,which/that,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,定语从句分类,定语从句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause,限制性定语从句：先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意义就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause,非限制性定语从句：从句与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意义仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用,that,考点：连接词,which,的用法,Which,引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。,e.g.,1.She heard a terrible noise,_,brought her heart into her mouth.,A.it B.which C.this D.that,2.The weather turned out to be good,_ was more than we could expect.,A.what B.which C.that D.it,B,B,as,引导的定语从句,as,具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：,as you know/as you see/as we planned/,as we expected,等,as,可以指人或物，也可以指代整个句子，常用于如：,“,such,as,”,，,“,as,as,”,，,“,the same,as,”,等结构中,This is not such a book as I expected.,As anybody can see,this road is like a snake.,This is the same book,as,I lost.,This is the same book,that,I lost.,Please compare:,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,the same as,与,the same that,的异同,关系代词,that,与,which,的区别,用,that,而不用,which,的情况,1.,先行词为不定代词,all,much,little,，,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,one,，,any,等,Is there anything,that,I can do for you?,2.,先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用,that,。,This is the best book,that,Ive ever read.,This is the first thing,that,I want to say.,3.,当先行词被,the only,the very,the same,little,few,no,any,等修饰时,.,It is the only thing,that,I like to do.,4.,当,先行词,包含了指人和物两方面的含义时。,They talked about the things and persons,that,they knew in the school.,用,that,而不用,which,的情况,5.,在疑问词,who,、,which,、,what,开头的句子中,Who,is the man,that,spoke to you at the gate?,Which,is the star,that,is nearest to the earth?,用,that,而不用,which,的情况,1.,在非限制性定语从句中,2.,关系代词前有介词时,This is the room,in,which,Lu,Xun,lived.,3.,先行词本身是,that,The clock is that,which,tells the time.,钟表是告诉人们时间的。,用,which,而不用,that,的情况,引导非限制性定语从句时,as,与,which,的区别,as,引导的从句可位于句首或句末，而,which,引导的从句，只可放在主句后面。,As,anybody can see,this road is like a snake.This road is like a snake,as,anybody can see.,As,as,还有“正如,”,，“正象,”,之意，而,which,没有。,As,Engels,pointed out,labour,created man himself.,The clock struck thirteen,which made everyone laugh.,1.He did,all/everything,_he could to help me.,2.This is,the very,thing _ I am after.,3.We talked about,the men and the things,_,we remembered at school.,4.He is,the only,man _ can do the work.,5.This is,the first,thing _ I want to say.,6.He is,the finest,man _ I have ever worked,with.,7.,Who,is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.,8.,Which,is the star _ is nearest to the earth.,that,which,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,which,whose,whom,9.Is there anything else,_,you want to say?,10.Any person,_,has the money can join the,group.,11.He often speaks the role he played in the play,_,made others upset.,12.The man to,_,I spoke is a famous scientist.,13.The boy,_,mother is dead was brought up,by his father.,that,that,which,whom,whose,Exercises,在下列短文中分别填入,where,when,why,或,that.,I worked in a machinery factory_ I worked for three years.The year _ I was 19 years old was very important to me.I was admitted to a college _ I learned English.The reason _ I chose to learn English is quite simple.I like it.,where,when,where,why,谢谢,