初中英语构词法课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语构词法,英语构词法主要有,三,种,：,合成,、,派生,与,转化,。,英语构词法种类,另外,缩写和简写,也是构词法的一种。,.,合成,:,有两个或更多的词合成一个词。,复合名词,class+room=,classroom,(,名词,+,名词,),black+board=,blackboard,(,形容词,+,名词,),复合形容词,warm,+heart+ed=,warmhearted,热心肠的,good+looking=,good,-lo,oking,相貌好看的,world+wide=,worldwide世界性的,hard+working=hard-working,努力工作的,复合动词,over+come=,overcome,克服,(,副词,+,动词,),复合数词,fifty+four=,fifty-four,复合代词,everyone,somebody,anything,nobody,(,不定代词,+,名词,),复合副词,down,+stairs=,downstairs,在楼下,(,形容词,+,名词,),whole+heartedly=,wholeheartedly,全神贯注地,(,副词,+,副词,),2.,派生,:,是通过在词根上加,前缀,或者,后缀,构成一个新词。,happy-,un,happy,develop-develop,ment,前缀,:,一般只引起,意思,上的变化而不造成,词类,的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。,mis,-,错误的,+understand,v.,理解,-,mis,understand,v.,误解,en+large,adj.,大的,-enlarge,v.,扩,大,后缀,:,一般只引起,词性,上的变化而不造成,意思,的变化。,care v.,照料,-care,ful,adj.,细心的,work v.,工作,-work,er,n.,工人,常见的,前缀,(A),表示,否定,的前缀：,un,-un,fair,un,happy,non,-non,smoker常用在,n.adj.adv.,前,),in,-in,active,(,常用在,adj.,后,),dis,-dis,agree,dis,appear,dis,like,im,-im,polite,im,possible,(,用在,b,p,m,开头的词前,),(B).,表示,错误,或,失误,的前缀,:,mis,-mis,understand,mis,direct,(,误导,),(C),表示,两个,双边,的前缀：,bi,-bi,color,(,双色的,),bi,cycle,表示,相互,交互,在一起,的前缀,inter,inter,view,inter,national,inter,net,(E),表示,又,再,重新,的前缀,re,re,view,re,turn,re,write,(,F),表示,远,的前缀,tele,tele,phone,tele,vision,常见的,后缀,1.,动词变名词：,-,tion,educate-educa,tion,invite,-,invita,tion,predict,-,predic,tion,-,ment,develop,ment,move,ment,disappoint,ment,-,er,teach,er,work,er,run,ner,sing,er,-or,visit,or,sail,or,tut,or,act,or,名词后缀,补充,:ist,(,人,名词后缀,),science-scient,ist,terror-terror,ist,-,ese,(,民族,语言,名词后缀,),Chin,ese,Japan,ese,2.,形容词变名词,-,ness,goodgood,ness,happy-,happi,ness,busy-busi,ness,carecareless-careless,ness,-,ity,able-,abil,ity,possible-possibil,ity,3.,名词变形容词：,-,y:,wind,y,rain,y,health,y,cloudy,fun,ny,sun,ny,-,ish:,foolish,child,ish,girl,ish,-,some:,hand,some,trouble,some,-,ous:,danger,ous,humor,ous,-,ful:,help,ful,care,ful,peace,ful,color,ful,-,less:,home,less,help,less,care,less,use,less,-,ed,surpris,ed,bor,ed,excit,ed,relax,ed,interest,ed,-,ing,surpris,ing,bor,ing,excit,ing,relax,ing,interest,ing,outstand,ing,4.,动词变形容词,-,al:,tradition,al,internation,al,nature-natur,al,5.,名词、形容词变动词：,-,ify:,beauty-,beaut,ify,simple-simpl,ify,-,ize:,real,ize,-,en:,quick,en,sharp,en,wide,n,3.,转化,:,是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切,.,water,n.,水,-water,vt,.,浇水,常见的转化形式：,动词,-,名词,名词,-,动词,形容词,-,动词,动词,-,名词,stop,v.,停止,-,n.,车站,watch,v.,观看,-,-,n,.,手表,look,v.,看,-have a look,n.,看,walk v.,散步,走,-take a walk n.,散步,love v.,爱,-,your love,n.,爱,名词,-,动词,hand,n.,手,-,vt,.,上交,seat,n.,座位,-,vt,.,坐,nurse,n.,护士,-,vt,.,护理,oil,n.,油,-,vt,.,上油,time,n.,时间,-,vt,.,定时，测时,show,n.,展示,秀,-,vt,.,表演,秀,-,形容词,-,动词,open,(,adj.,开着的,)open(,v.,开,),clean(,adj.,清洁的,)-clean(,v.,打扫,),slow(,adj.,慢的,)-slow(,v.,放慢,),.,缩写和简写,:,缩写和简写,(,也被称为截断法或缩短法,),主要采取,:,“,截头,”,“,去尾,”,或者,“,既截头又去尾,”,的方法生成新词,.,telephone-phone,airplaneplane,laboratory-lab,mathematics-math,advertisementad,examination-,-exam,Identification-ID,另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成,.,CD,(,c,ompact,d,isk),CCTV,(,C,hina,C,entral,T,ele,v,ision),NBA,(,N,ational,B,asketball,A,ssociation),UFO,(,u,nidentified,f,lying,o,bject),UN,(,U,nited,N,ations),USA,(,U,nited,S,tates of,A,merica),