时态复习 (2).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,【考纲要求】,时态与语态一直是热点，也是广大考生复习备考的难点。考纲要求考生应该具备较强的语言应用能力，能在具体语境中恰当、准确地使用某一特定时态；熟练掌握常见的8种时态，弄清16种时态，同时还要熟练运用特殊时态句式和用法以及不用被动式但表示被动的动词和短语。,解题技巧：,这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干句中可参照的时间信息有那些？这个动作处于什么时态，是进行中，还是已经结束（完成）？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题的答案，试题的正确答案也就水落石出了。,2011湖南高考真题再现,22.John,what_ in your hand?,-Look,Its a birthday gift for my grandma.,had you held B.are you holding,C.do you hold D.will you hold,27.In 1492,Columbus _ on one of the Bahama Islands,but the mistook is for an island off India.,A.lands B.landed,C.has landed D.had landed,30.It is the most instructive lecture that I _ since I came to this school.,attended B.had attended,C.am attending D.have attended,34.In the near future,more advances in the robot technology _ by science.,A.are making B.are made,C.will make D.will be made,16种时态的构成：,一般现在时：（am,is,are,do,does,）,一般过去时：用动词的过去式表示,一般将来时：助动词shall或will+动词原形,现在进行时：am/is/are+现在分词构成。,过去进行时：was/were+现在分词。,现在完成时：have或has+过去分词,过去完成时：had+过去分词。,过去将来时：should或would+动词原形。,现在完成进行时:have或has+been+现在分词。,过去完成进行时：助动词had+been+现在分词。,将来进行时：shall或will+be+现在分词。,将来完成时：shall或will+have+过去分词,将来完成进行时：shall或will+have been+现在分词。,过去将来进行时：should或would+be+现在分词。,过去将来完成时：should或would+have+过去分词。,过去将来完成进行时：should或would+have been+现在分词。,八种基本时态,一、一般现在时,二、一般过去时,三、一般将来时，,四、过去将来时,五、现在进行时,六、过去进行时,七、现在完成时,八、过去完成时,一、一般现在时的用法,1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every,sometimes,at,on Sunday,I leave home for school at 7 every morning.,He,cycles,to work every day.,2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。,The earth moves around the sun.,Shanghai lies in the east of China.,Water,boils,at 100 centigrade degrees.,(2009福建卷)According to the literary review,Shakespeare_his characters live through their language in his plays.,will make B.had made,C.was making D.makes,Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today.,Aarent;are Barent;were,Cwerent;are Dwerent;were,3)表示格言或警句中。,Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。,注意：,宾语从句中即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也用一般现在时。,例如：Columbus proved that the earth is round.,4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。,I dont want so much.,Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.,比较,：Now I put the sugar in the cup.,I am doing my homework now.,第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back.第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。,（2009江西卷）At present,one of the apartments in favor of the new airport _ that it will going a lot jobs to the area.A.isB.areC.will be D.were,Next time you _here，lets have lunch together,Awill be Bare,CHave been Dwere,二.一般过去时,表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday;last week;in 1945,at that time;once;during the war;before;a few days ago;when,If the weather had been better,we could have had a picnic.But it_all day.,Arained Brains,Chas rained Dis raining,The heros story_differently in the newspapers.,Awas reported Bwas reporting,Creports Dreported,(2009全国卷I)Edward,you play so well.,But I,_,you played the piano.,didnt know B.hadnt known,C.dont know D.havent known,I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.,Oh,how nice!Do you know when she _?,was leaving B.had left,C.has left D.left,知识扩展：一般现在时表将来,1）,表按时刻表或已经安排好的事情。,The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.,When does the bus start?It starts in ten minutes.,2）,倒装句，表示动作正在进行,Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.,There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.,3）,在时间或条件句中。,When Bill comes(不是will come),ask him to wait for me.,Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.,4）,动词hope,take care that,make sure that等后。,I hope they have a nice time next week.,Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.,考点一,used to+do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。,be/become/get used to+doing，表示习惯于,He used to smoke a lot.,He has got used to getting up early.,考点二：,在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。,He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise,.,3.,用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。,（1）动词,want,hope,wonder,think,intend,等。例如：,Did you want anything else?,I wondered if you could help me.,（2）情态动词,could,would,，例如：,Could you lend me your bike?,4.,用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气,。,If I were a bird,I would fly to Beijing.,If he were here now,we could turn to him for help.,注意比较下列句型：,It is time for sb.to do sth,“到时间了；该了”，例如：,It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。,It is time sb.did/should do sth.,“时间已迟了；早该了”，例如：,It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。,would(had)rather sb.did sth,.表示“宁愿某人做某事”，例如：,Id rather you came tomorrow.,区别:,1.be/become/get used to/be accustomed to习惯于(+doing),2.used to do 3.would do,(过去的习惯)表动作,4.be used to do,被用来做,1.The foreigner used to _ here used to _ in Africa.(live),2.-My phone number is 5234321.,-Sorry,I _(catch),you.Would you say it again?,live,living,didnt catch,3.-,-,Here is a gift for you.,-,-,_(not)you known?I dont like,this kind of pen.,-,-,I dont like this kind of pen.,_,(not),you know?,4.Hi,Tom.Its you.I _(not,recognize)you.,Havent,didnt recognize,Didnt,The heros story_differently in the newspapers.,Awas reported Bwas reporting,Creports Dreported,三.一般将来时,表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow,next year,in 2013等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。,1.,Will/shall,动词原形 会其中will用于各种人称，,有时表临时打算,;,现实,1)-someone is knocking the door.,-I,will,answer it.,(临时打算),2)I,will,be 18 next year,.(现实),shall常用于第一人称,。,2.isam/aregoing to,动词原形,3.is/amareto,动词原形(表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须,必然，或计划要做的事Some books are to be tested.Some are to be swallowed and some are to be digested.,You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.,4.be aboutto do(,它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用,但可与when引导的时间状语从句连用）,相当于be on the point to do/be doing when,5.现在进行时,（一般多为动作概念较强的动词，如 go，come，leave，start，open，begin 等）也可用于,表示将来,。,6.,一般现在时表示将来,时间/条件状语从句,表按时刻表或已经安排好的事情。,这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词,，如come,go,leave,start,begin,sail,return,stop,end,open,stay等。,The plane starts at 8 oclock in the morning.,When does the show begin?展览什么时候开始？,特别注意:,“祈使句+and/or+句子”,这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。,Use your head and you will find a way.,Did you tell Julia about the result?,Oh,no,I forget.I _her now.(NMET2005),A.will be calling B.will call,C.call D.am to call,If their,marketing plans succeed,they _ their sales by 20 percent.,will increase,B.have been increasing,C.have increased,D.would be increasing,B,四:现在进行时,1、表示说话人说话时正在进行的动作，它不涉及该动作的发生和结果，译成汉语“正在”，这一用法常和表示此刻的时间状语连用，如now,at this time,at present，at the moment等。,2、表示现阶段但并非眼下正在进行着的动作，这种动作常与表示一段的时间状语连用，如these days,this week等。,3、表示将来的动作,表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作，或即将开始或进行的动作常用的这类词go,come,leave,stay,start,arrive,land,meet,move,return,stay,stop,do,dine等，通常要与表示将来的时间状语连用，以区别此刻正在进行的动作。He is coming to see you tomorrow.他明天要来看你,4、表达褒贬等感情色彩和always,forever,continually,constantly,instantly,continuously等频度副词连用，表示经常、反复发生的动作，不强调动作的进行性。表达厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。He is constantly leaving his things about.他时常乱丢东西。（表责怪）He is always working hard.他总是学习很用功。（表赞赏）Theyre forever quarrelling about something.他们老是为某件事争吵。(不满),5、,wonder,hope,think,等表示心理的动词用于进行时可以表示婉转的语气I,m wondering if I may come a little late.我在想我能不能晚来一会儿。,6.表示渐变的动词：,get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin,等。,介词表进行含义:,1)move,on,carry on,work on,keep on,go on,read on,2),0n,holiday,on a trip,on business,on a visit,on voyage,on the go/run,3),in,trouble,difficulty,in danger,in question,in progress,4),under,construction/repair/ones command/ones control/treatment.,不用进行时的动词,1)事实状态的动词。如：have(on),belong,possess,cost,own,exist,include,containmatter,weigh,measure,weigh,continue,2)心理状态的动词。如：know,realize,think see(明白),believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,wish,desire,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate,hope,doubt,I need your help.,3)瞬间动词。如：accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.,4)系动词。如：seem,remain,lie,(位于),hear,smell,feel,taste,turn,look,appear,see(看见),（2009湖南卷）Would you please keep silent?The weather report,_I want to listen.,A.is broadcast,B.is being broadcast,C.has been broadcast,D.had been broadcast,五.过去进行时,1.表示过去某一时刻正在或过去某段时间正在进行的动作。动作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明。常用的时间状语有：this morning,the whole morning,all day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,while,1),be doing when(,过去时）正要这时,2)while在过程中,While,we were chatting,a man broke in.,While,we were chatting,they were watching TV.,We were chatting,when,he came back.,2、用来描写故事发生的背景,在口语或记叙文中，可以用过去进行时表示的持续动作作为背景，以此引出由一般过去时表示的新动作。It was a dark night.The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily.A young woman suddenly appeared on the river bank.,3、代替过去将来时,用于come,go,leave,start,stay,arrive等表位置转移的动词，以表示过去将要发生的动作。She asked me whether he was starting the next day.她问我他是否第二天就走,4、表达褒贬等感情色彩过去进行时也可以和always，constantly，continually，forever等连用，表示说话人的主观感情，如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。He was always trying out new ideas.,5、wonder,hope,think，want 等表示心理的动词用于进行时可以表示婉转的语气-Excuse me,sir.Would you do me a favor?-打扰了,先生。你能帮我个忙吗？-Of course.What is it?-当然。什么事？-I was wondering if you could tell me how to fill out this form.-我一直在想你是否能告诉我怎样填这张表,六.现在完成时的用法,表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，通常使用不具有延续意义的动词，arrive,become,begin等，或表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，也许还将继续下去。这种用法通常用于具有延续意义的动词，如live,stay,work等,通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词,just，,already,before,yet,never,ever,by,how long,等状语连用,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。如：,for,和,since,以及,so far,lately,recently,up to now/present/,up till now,in the last/past few,now,today,this week(month,year),等,。,（2009江西卷）What is the price of petrol these days,Oh,it _ sharply since last month.,is raised B.has risen,C.has arisen D.is increased,注意几点,1.,have been(to),have gone(to),(第三人称）,比较：He has been to Beijing.,He has gone to Beijing.,2.瞬间动词:,1)obtain,achieve,go,come,arrive,die,leave,join,buy,borrow,lend,get,receive,end,start,begin,marry,2)get hurt/married/used to/lost/paid/to/in touch with,catch a cold/fire,fall ill/asleep/in love with,Come into effect/back to life,3),瞬间动词有完成,时,但肯定句中不语时间段(for,since,how long)连用,这种情况可改为:,过去时,:He fell in love with her 3 years ago.,It is/has been+时间+since,It is/has been 3 years since he fell in love with her.,be+状态词或be+介词短语,He has been in love with her for 3 years.,go/come/arrive/get/fall,be+,介词短语,buy/borrow/accept/receive/get,have/keep,die,be dead leave be away,marry be married join,be/serve in the end/finish be over start/begin,be on/last,4)比较:,1)He has taught for 25 years.,Its 25 years since he taught.他没教书已有25年,2)Its a year since he fell ill.他生病1年了.,Its a year since he was ill.他病愈有1年了.,与瞬间动词连用表示动作开始多久,与延续动词连用表示动作结束多久了,since引导的状语从句，不论是延续动词或状态词的一般过去时，都表示动作的完成和结束但如果改为现在完成时，表示的动作与状态就意味着延续至今,Its 25 years since he has taught.,他教书已有25年,Its a year since he has been ill.他生病1年了,The bridge is reported _(set)up 10 years ago.,to have been set,_David and Vicky _married?,For about three years,AHow long were；being,BHow long have；got,CHow long have；been,DHow long did；get,3.固定句型：,It(This)is the best(worst,most interesting等)+名词+从句This is the best film Ive ever seen,This is the most interesting novel he has ever written,It/This is/will be+the+序数词+time+that-;,1.This is the first time we_ a film in the cinema together as a family.,A seeB had seenC sawD have seen,2.His sister left home in 1998,and _since.A.had not been heard of,B.has not been heard of,C.had not heard of,D.has not heard of,3The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.,Achange Bhas changed,Cchanging Dhave changed,七.过去完成时的用法：,（1）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；,句中常用by+过去时间,before,once,until,when等词引导的时间状语,。,By the time he was twelve,Edison had began to make a living by himself.,Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the,party.,（2）在,told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。,（3）表示意向的动词，如,hope,wish,expect,think,intend,plan,mean,suppose,等，,用过去 完成时表示原本，未能,We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.,（4）在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.,(5),先后一连串的动作用一般过去时:,He went to the town,bought some books and visited his son.,）虚拟语气:,if从句对过去的虚拟,If it had rained yesterday,they wouldnt have left.(=Had it rained),wish/as if/if only/would rather从句对过去的虚拟,Id rather she hadnt done that.,If only I had entered for(报名参加)the Olympics last month.,6)一就,Hardly/scarcely/barely,+过去完成时+when+一般过去时,no sooner+,过去完成时+,than+一般过去时,They had hardly got in the crops when it rained.(=Hardly had they got in the crop when it began to rain.),Hardly _ he recognize me when we came across in the street.,did,用一般过去时代替完成时,1),两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时,。,When she saw the mouse，she screamed.,My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.,2),两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需若干时间完成,用过去完成时,When I heard the news,I was very excited.,3),叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时,。,Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.,When the old man _ to walk back to his house,the sun _ itself behind the mountain.,Astarted;had already hidden,Bhad started;had already hidden,Chad started;was hiding,Dwas starting;hid,八.过去将来时,1、表示对过去某一时间点而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。,I thought they would come to help me.,2、表示过去的某种习惯行为He would sit for hours doing nothing.,过去他常常坐几个钟头什么事也不做。He would come to see us on Sundays.,过去星期天他经常来看望我们。,过去将来时的表达法1.wouldshould动词原形,（其中 would 用于各种人称，should 常用于第一人称）。,wasweregoing to动词原形,2waswereto动词原形,3waswere about动词原形,We were about to go out when it began to rain,4过去进行时（一般多为动作概念较强的动词，如 go，come，leave，start，open，begin 等）也可用于表示将来。,5.be d,oi,ng,6.虚拟语气中,用法注意点：,在时间和条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。例如：,He said he would come to see you when he had time,九.将来完成时,将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。,经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。,By the end of this week,I shall have finished the book.,By this time tomorrow they will have repaired the machine.,The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home.,When you come tonight at eight oclock，I shall have written my paper.,注意：将来完成时表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作或状态。使用这种时态时，多会涉及两个动作或状态，一个在前，一个在后；叙述前面的动作或状态，动词要用将来完成时；叙述后面的动作或状态，动词要用一般现在时。,We will have completed the work before you come.,We will have played ball when you come.,（或 when you come,we will have played ball.）,He says that he will have graduated from a university before you return home.,By the time you arrive in London,we _ in Europe for two weeksA.shall stay B.have stayed,C.will have stayed D.have been staying,十.现在完成进行时的用法,（1）现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。They have been living here for 10 years.,（2）表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。I have been waiting you for about one hour.我等你大约一个小时了。(说话时等的动作刚结束),有些不能用现在进行时态的动词，如be，have like，love，know，see，hear等，同样也不能用现在完成进行时，而只能用现在完成时,。如：,She has been ill for a long time.I have not seen you for ages.,Now that she is out of job,Lucy _ going back to school,but she hasnt decided yet.,Ahad considered,Bhas been considering,Cconsidered,Dis going to consider,十一、将来进行时将来进行时由助动词shall/will+be+ving构成（1）表示将来某一时刻或某段时间正在发生的动作，常与this time tomorrow,at 4 oclock tomorrow afternoon等时间状语连用。Ill be visiting professor Li at 2 this afternoon.,今天下午2点我将拜访李教授。At this time tomorrow well be flying over the Atlantic.,明天此时我们正在飞越大西洋的上空。,（2）表示一种已经决定或肯定的动作或情况，或表示某动作将在按计划发生而未完成。We shall be having a meeting in a minute.我们一会儿就要开会。Will you be seeing Mr.Wang this evening?今晚你会见王先生吗？,十二、将来完成时将来完成时表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作。将来完成时由shall/will+have+v-ed构成。用法如下：（1）将来完成时表示将来某一时间或动作发生之前已经完成的动作，通常与before或by连用。By the end of this month,well have studied 10 units.到这月末，我们将学完10单元。,（2）表示持续到将来某一时间的动作或状态,这动作或状态也可能将继续进行下去。When they move