强化辅导资料---作文.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语写作基础,一、英语词类,英语词类分十种：,名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、,副词、介词、连词、,感叹词,。,1,、,名词,(,n,.),：,表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的,名称,。如：,boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange,.,2,、,代词,(,pron.,),：,主要用来代替名词。如,：,who,she,you,it.,3,、,形容词,(,adj.,.,),：,表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：,good,right,white,orange,.,4,、,数词,(,num,.,),：,表示数目或事物的顺序。如：,one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.,5,、,动词,(,v.,),：,表示动作或状态。如：,am,is,are,have,see.,6,、,副词,(,adv.,),：,修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：,now,very,here,often,quietly,slowly.,7,、,冠词,(,art.,.,),：,用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：,a,an,the.,8,、,介词,(,prep.,),：,表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如,in,on,from,above,behind.,9,、,连词,(,conj.,),：,用来连接词、短语或句子。如,and,but,before.,10,、,感叹词,(,interj.,.,),表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：,oh,well,hi,hello.,二、句子成分,英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语。,1,、主语,是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：,Im Miss Green.(,我是格林小姐,),I,I,2,、谓语,动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做,(,什么,)”,。主要由动词担任。如：,Jack cleans the room every day.(,杰克每天打扫房间,),cleans,3,、宾语,表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：,He can spell the word.(,他能拼这个词,),the word,有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：,He wrote me a letter.(,他给我写了一封信,),有时可把介词,to,或,for,加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：,He wrote a letter to me.(,他给我写了一封信,),me,a letter4,、定语,修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：,Shanghai is a big city.(,上海是个大城市,),5,、状语,用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：,He works hard.(,他工作努力,),big,hard,6,、宾语补足语,用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：,They usually keep their classroom clean.(,他们通常让教室保持清洁,)/He often helps me do my lessons.(,他常常帮我做功课,)/The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(,老师要我自学法语,),clean,do,to learn,7,、表语,在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：,My name is Ping,ping,.(,我的名字叫萍萍,)/The flowers are beautiful.(,这些花朵很漂亮,)/The food tastes good.(,这食物很好吃,),Ping,ping,beautiful,good,、同位语,通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：,Where is your classmate Tom?你的同学汤姆在哪里？,),Tom,英语句子的种类,简单句,(simple sentence),并列句,(compound sentence),复合句,(complex sentence),简单句,(simple sentence),只,包含一个主谓结构,Mary,opened,the door.,两个主语和一个谓语,Steve,and,his friend,are coming to dinner.,一个主语和两个谓语,Mary,opened,the door and,greeted,the guests.,（二）、常见基本句型,请你在下列的例句中分别标记出句子成分,),五个简单句的基本句型是英语写作的基础，同学们一定要每个句型熟记一个例句，做到举一反三：,1,、主语,+,谓语（,S+V,）,Money talks.,金钱万能。,They both laughed.,两人都笑了。,2,、主语,+,谓语,+,宾语（,S+V+O,）,Every dog has his day.,人人都有出头日。,I bought a ticket for Milan.,我买了一张去米兰的车票。,3,、主语,+,谓语,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语（,S+V+,InDO,+DO,）,He told us a story.,他给我们讲了一个故事。,Ill give my sister a dictionary.,我要送给妹妹一本字典。,4,、主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,+,宾补（,S+V+O+OC,）,He told me to clean the classroom.,他叫我打扫教室。,I saw him leave/leaving the house.,我看到他离开了,/,正在离开房间。,(,注：在,see,notice,watch,hear,等感官动词后作宾补可用动词原形表示整个过程，用动词的,-,ing,形式表示听到、看到时该动作正在发生。,),He made me open the door.,他要我打开门。,(,注：在表示“使、让”的,make,let,have,后作宾补的不定式一般不能带,to,。,),Playing football can make us healthy.,踢足球能使我们健康。,5,、主语,+,系动词,+,表语（,S+V+P,）,Love is blind.,情人眼里出西施。,注：,be(am,is,are,was,were,等,),是最典型的系动词，可用形容词、介词短语、不定式、动名词等作表语。除,here,there,up,等极少数副词,(,因为这些副词无相应的形容词,),可作,be,的表语外，一般不能用副词作表语，而要用相应的形容词作表语。,The food tastes good.,这食物很好吃。,注：表示“,起来”的,taste(,尝起来、吃起来,),smell(,闻起来,),sound(,听起来,),look/seem(,看起来,),feel(,摸起来,),等都是系动词，后面必须接形容词作表语。,Our teacher became angry.,我们的老师生气了。,注：表示“变化”的,become,turn,get,等也可作系动词，后面可接形容词或名词等作表语，但不能用副词用表语。,练习,（请结合句子成分及五种基本句型翻译下列句子）,铃声响了。,_,下课了。,_,他是我们的历史老师。,_,我在蒙泉学校读书。,_,李明爱好唱歌。,_,爸爸给我买了一台手机,_,校园生活是非常美好的。,_,简单句的基本词序,主语动词部分宾语 状语谓语）方式地点时间,Iboughta hat yesterday.,The children ran home.,The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.,We ate our meal in silence.,The car stopped suddenly.,A young girl walked confidently in the room.,They drove him away in a police car.,并列句,(compound sentence):,把两个或几个简单句用,并列连词,连接起来，则成为一个并列句。,并列句,并列句的词序并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序。,主语 谓语 宾语 连词 主语 动词 表语,Jimmy fell off his bike but (he)wasnt hurt.,五种简单句型可用,并列连词,连接起来组成并列句。,主 谓 状（方式）连 主 谓 表,Frank worked hard and (he)became an architect.,主 谓 宾 连 主 谓 地点,I ,ve,got a cold,so I m going to bed.,主 谓 宾 宾补 连 主 谓 宾,They made him chairman,but(they)didnt increase his salary常用并列连词,coordinating conjunctions,平行并列连词,:,转折并列连词：,因果并列连词,:,选择并列连词,:,and,bothand,not only,but also,neithernor,but,however,while,yet,for,so,or,eitheror,并列句,并列句的词序：,并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序。,主语 谓语 宾语 连词 主语 动词 表语,Jimmy fell off his bike but (he)wasnt hurt.,五种简单句型可用,并列连词,连接起来组成并列句。,主 谓 状（方式）连 主 谓 表,Frank worked hard and (he)became an architect.,主 谓 宾 连 主 谓 地点,I ,ve,got a cold,so I m going to bed.,主 谓 宾 宾补 连 主 谓 宾,They made him chairman,but(they)didnt increase his salary.,请用合适的,并列连词,把每组句子合并为一个并列句。,1.He was tired.,He went to bed.,2.The child hid behind,hismothers,skirt.He was afraid of the dog.,He was tiredso,he went to bed.,The child hid behind his mothers skirt,for,he was afraid of the dog.,He made a promise.He didnt keep it.,He made a promise,but,He didnt keep it.,Mary is opening the door.,John is greeting her guests.,Mary is opening the door,and,John is greeting her guests.,复合句,:,主句,+,从句,主句是一个完整的句子,(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。,从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在,.,By the time he arrived,1,we had already left,.,2,请,指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。,从句,主句,在复合句中，主要包含以下类型,从句,：,1.,主语从句,2.,宾语从句,3.,表语从句,4.,同位语从句,5.,状语从句,6.,定语从句,指出下列各从句的类型：,I hope,that everything is all right.,She was reading the newspaper,when I came in,.,She is the girl,who sings best of all.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,He has found out.She was late.(why,),请用,括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句。,I still remember the day.I first came to Beijing on that day.(when),I still remember the day when I first,came to Beijing.,He has found out why she was late.,请把每组句子连接为一个含有,状语从句,复合句。,Ill give the letter to him.I see him.,(,时间状语从句,),He didnt come yesterday.He was ill.,(,原因状语从句,),It is such a big box.Nobody can move it.,(,结果状语从句,),Well go to the great wall.Its fine,tomorrow.(,条件状语从句,),We should not go there all the time.,The place is quite pleasant.(,让步状语从句,),二、写作技巧,1,、巧用同、近义词,试翻译：这本书花了我,50,块钱。,_ _,_ _,今天艳阳高照。,_,_,2,、主、被动句互译,试翻译：我们必须每天打扫教室卫生。,_,世界上说英语的人越来越多,_,3,、肯、否定句互译,试翻译：我考试没有及格。,_,我喜欢买贵的水果。,_,4,、增减句子成分,试翻译：严禁乱砍伐树木。,_,请同学们不要往河里扔垃圾。,_,5,、学会扩写句子,扩词有：,friend,my friend,my close friend,my close friend named Mary.,扩句有：,I play football.,I play football in the play ground.,I play football in the play ground with my friends.,I play football in the play ground with my friends after school.,对其中的动词我们还可替换成,play games,，,play the piano,等，后面的状语都可以有相应的更换。,试扩写：,I went to school.,_,_,6,、学会分步骤翻译句子 分解句子,试翻译：,我们的家乡郴州有着悠久的历史和秀丽的风光。,_,水污染、大气污染和噪音污染越来越严重。,_,二、应试技巧,1,、避繁就简：,尽量写简单句（短句子）。,练习,试写出下列表格中的内容（除了“其他情况”中的第,3,项外，其他每项只用一句话，）写在相应的表栏后。,2,、扬长避短：,选择自己最熟悉的词语、句子,。,练习,在下面的空格处，将上述表格中每项内容，试用两个或以上的句子写出来。,3,、灵活仿写：,记住几个句子，适时参考。,I,(dont),like animals.,She is,(not),beautiful.,(She is(not)a volunteer.),Tom can,(not),play the guitar.,There is a book on the desk.,Sit down!,(Dont sit down,！,),4,学会使用过渡词,。,如：,1,）递进：,besides,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,2,）转折：,however,but,afterall,nevertheless,3,）总结：,finally,atlast,inbrief,toconclude,4,）强调：,really,indeed,certainly,surely,aboveall,5,）对比：,ontheotherhand,inthesameway,justas,6,）顺序：,first,then,next,and then,finally,5,、写好开篇句和收尾句，并注意前后呼应。,6,、卷面工整：,工整的卷面会让你的作文多得,23,分。考试时，如时间许可，先在草稿上写好，修改后再工整地抄到答题卡上。,7,、认真检查：,是否有语法错误主谓是否一致，动词的时态、语态的使用是否正确，词组的搭配是否合乎习惯，是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误。,