高三定语从句.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,定语从句,定语从句考点,1.,关系代词,that which;whose;,which as,的用法比较；,2.,关系代词和关系副词的用法比较；,3.,介词加关系代词引导的定语从句；,4.,定语从句与并列句的区别。,一、关系代词的用法比较,问题,1,：,1.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.,A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it,2.Luckily,wed brought a road map without,_ we would have lost our way.,A.itB.thatC.this D.which,当先行词为物时，关系代词可以用,that,也可,用,which,，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定,语从句中，只能用,which,，不能用,that,。,但在下列情况中，只能用,that,，不用,which,：,当先行词是,all,a lot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing,等词时,。如：,All that can be done has been done.,In this factory I saw,little/much that,was,different from ours.,当先行词被,all,any,no,much,little,few,every,the only,the very,the next,等限定词所修饰时。,如：,We heard clearly every word that he said.,当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。,The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.,When people talk about,Hangzhou,the first,that,comes to mind is the West Lake.,当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高,级所修饰。,Is that the best that you can do?,Thats,the most expensive hotel that,weve,ever stayed in.,当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名 词词组时,The guests spoke highly of the children,and their performances that they saw at the Childrens Palace.,She described in her compositions,the,people and places,that impressed her most.,当主句是以,which,开头的特殊疑问,句时。,Which is the car that killed the boy?,问题,2,：,1.Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from _ effects the people are still suffering.A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what,2.George Orwell,_ was Eric Arthur,wrote,many political novels and essays.,A.the real name B.what his real name,C.his real nameD.whose real name,whose,的先行词可以是人,也可以是具体事物,或抽象概念,这时可以与,of which the,互换。,问题,3,：,1._ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.A.Which B.When C.What D.As,(1)as,引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而,which,引导的从句只能放在主句之后。,(2)as,指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的,东西，因此常译成“就象,那样、,正如所,的”。,(3),如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极,作用，则用,which,，而不用,as,。,2.He has been helping a poor student,in a remote school all these years,_ none of us knew.,A.AsB.that,C.whomD.which,问题,4,：,What surprised me was not what he,said but_ he said it.,A.the wayB.in the way that,C.in the way D.the way which,the way,作先行词，其中的关系词有三种不同,的表达方式。,1)the way+that;,2)the way,后省略关系词,;,3)the way+in which,。,二、关系代词和关系副词的比较,问题,1,：,1.Do you still remember the chicken farm _,we visited three months ago?,A.whereB.whenC.that D.what,2.There were dirty marks on her trousers _,she had wiped her hands.,A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that,当先行词是表时间的,time,day,等和表地点的,place,house,等时，如果从句缺少主要成分，关,系词应该用,which,或,that,如果不缺主要成分,(,主语，宾语，表语,),应该用,when,或,where,。,使用关系副词应注意下列几点：,1.,关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的,介词,+which,结构：,when=on(in,at,during)+which,where=in(at,on)+which,why=for which,I was in Beijing on,the day when(=on,which),he arrived.,The,office where(=in which),he works is,on the third floor.,2.,当先行词是表时间和表地点的 词时，一定要,注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语、宾语、,表语时，关系词应该用,which,或,that,缺,少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用,when,或,where,，试比较：,I,ll never forget,the day when,my hometown,was liberated,.,Ill never forget,the,days which/that,we spent,together last summer,.,His father works in,a factory where,radio parts,are made,.,His father works in,a factory which/that,makes,radio parts,.,三、介词加关系代词引导定语从句,问题,1,：,1.The place _ the bridge is,supposed to be built should be _,the cross-river traffic is the,heaviest.,A.which;where,B.at which;which,C.at which;where,D.which;in which,关系代词作介词宾语，当介词前置时，只能用,whom,指人，,which,指物；但如果介词后,置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，,特别是在口语中。,Do you know,the boy to whom,she was,talking?,Do you know,the boy(that),she was,talking to?,The,pencil(which/that),he was writing,with suddenly broke.,2.He was educated at a local grammar,school,_ he went on to,Cambridge.,A.from whichB.after that,C.after whichD.from this,要确认关系代词前用什么介词，需根据从句,中的动词与先行词的关系来确定。所以解题,时需分析从句与主句之间的关系。,巩固练习：,1.American women usually identify their,best friend as someone _ they can,talk frequently.,A.whoB.as,C.about whichD.with whom,2.The English play _ my students acted,at the New Years party was a great,success.,A.for whichB.at which,C.in whichD.on which,四、非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别,问题,1,：,There are two buildings,_ stands nearly a,hundred feet high.,A.the largerB.the larger of them,C.the larger one thatD.the larger of which,要区别是并列句还是非限制性定语从句，关键是看,两个句子之间是否有,连词,，若有表示并列关系的连,词或,分号破折号,，那就是并列句；如果两句之间没,有这些连接符号，那就是非限制性定语从句，此时,就需考虑使用适当的关系代词或关系副词了,1,.The factory produces half a million,pairs of shoes every year;80%_,巩固练习：,are sold abroad.,A.of whichB.which of,C.of themD.of that,2.I have many friends,_ some are,businessmen.,A.of themB.from which,C.who ofD.of whom,五、,the same as/such as,的使用问题,当先行词被,the same所修饰时，关系词表示,同一种类多用,as,，表示同一事物多用,that,。,This is,the same instrument that I used,yesterday,.,这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器,This is,the same instrument as I used,yesterday,.,这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。,在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对,区别的，所以两个词可换用：,I have the same opinion as/that you have.,六、当先行词前有,such,so,as,时，,关系词应当用,as,。,He spoke in,sucheasy English,as,everybody could understand.,At this time of the day,all buses and,trolleys have to carry,as,many passengers,as,they can.,It is,so,easy a book,as,every schoolboy,can read.,另需注意：,This book is written in such easy English,as beginners can understand,.,as:,关系代词，引导定语从句。,This book is written in such easy English,that beginners can understand,it,.,that:,从属连词，引导结果状语从句。,