跨文化商务交流课件.ppt

Klicken Sie,um das Titelformat zu bearbeiten,Klicken Sie,um die Formate des Vorlagentextes zu bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,*,跨文化交流,Multicultural communication,Communication between cultures,厦门理工学院商学系 胡永红 博士,huyonghong,Q:1834195531,Cultural patterns,I.,Edward T.Hall,4 distinguishing features(dimensions):,1.,Time,Monochronous cultures,Polychronous cultures,-people do one thing after the other,-time is very important,punctuality,making plans,keeping to plans,-job/work is very important,-more short-term relationships,-people do things simultaneously,-time schedules are not so important,People are notoriously unpunctual,-people are very important,family/friends/business partners,-more life-long relationships,-Work time is clearly separable,from personal time,-Work time is not clearly separable,from personal time,DS,2.,Context,low context,high context,people care for good relationships,characterizes the way in which information is transmitted,the majority of the information,is explicitly communicated,in the verbal message,-a lot of information is embedded in the context,feelings,thoughts and information are,not explicitly expressed,but also through a variety,of,contexts,such as voice tone,body language,facial expressions,eye contact,speech patterns,use of silence,past interactions,status,common,friends,etc.The message is more implicit.,e.g.an apology must be clearly,articulated,the same message can be communicated,through a variety of nonverbal gestures such as,a smile,a sigh,a shrug,or a frown.,-high context communication assumes a prior,relationship,i.e.we are members of a,common culture,family etc.,c,onflicts must be resolved before work can progress,b,usiness relationships depend on trust and build slowly,-few rules are given and information is accessed,through informal networks,DS,3.,Space,refers to the distance people need for the protection of their privacy,Cultures that need more(private)space,Cultures that need less(private)space,e.g.Germany(big bubble needed),e.g.Mediterranean countries(small bubble),If people come too close,they can offend other peoples privacy,closed doors,private offices and partitions,minimal interruptions and disruption,permission needed to enter,private space,large,rooms,few if any partitions,m,anagers interspersed with,employees,no touching without agreement,people have distinctive places,which they call mine and,dont want them to be disturbed,DS,4.,Information,Cultures with slow flow of information,Cultures with fast flow of information,Information is planed carefully and,therefore flows slowly,monochronous,low context cultures,polychronous,high context cultures,DS,II.,Geert Hofstede,5 distinguishing features(dimensions):,1.Power Distance Index(PDI),extent to which inequalities of power and wealth are commonly accepted,Cultures with low PDI,Cultures with high PDI,-less difference in incomes,tax laws support equitable,distribution of income,-employees expect to take part,in decision-making,-tendency to delegate tasks,and responsibility,-ideal boss:good democrat,co-determination,(Low Gini coefficient),-big difference in incomes,tax laws support high incomes,-employees expect directives and rules,-tendency to centralize decision-making,and resonsibility,-ideal boss:kind/benevolent autocrat,-autocracy,high dependence of employees,from their superiors/senior staff,DS,2.Individuality Index(individuality versus collectivism-IDV),-ties between individuals are loose,-everyone is expected,to look after themselves,and their immediate family,people from birth onwards are integrated,into strong,cohesive in-groups,which,throughout peoples lifetime continue to protect,them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty,Cultures with high IDV,Cultures with low IDV,-emphasis on individual goals,which are more important than,the group(Selbstverwirklichung),-I distinctive from other people,-people emphasize,their success/achievements in job,or private wealth and aim to reach,more and/or a better job position,-great emphasis on groups,people think more in terms of we,-harmony and loyalty within a company/group,is very important and should always be,maintained,confrontation should be avoidedChina,:-never disagree with,someones opinion in public,discussion in private atmosphere,to avoid loss of face,-saying no would also mean,to destroy the harmony in the group,other expressions must be used,The well-being of the company/groups/,society is more important than,individual freedom.,-personal freedom is more important,than equality,DS,Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Prentice Hall,International Business 5e,Chapter 2-,8,Power Distance&,Individualism vs.Collectivism,3.Masculinity Index(masculinity versus femininity-MAS),Cultures with high MAS,Cultures with low MAS,dominant values:,performance and success,dominant values:,quality of life and care for others,self-assertion/resolution,(Durchsetzungsvermgen),willingness to adapt,(Anpassungsbereitschaft),career/ambition,quality of life,performance,sensitivity/empathy,live to work,work to live,competition and,competitive conflict behaviour,cooperation/compromising,strive for consensus,analytical approach to,problem-solving,intuitive approach to,problem-solving,big and fast are beautiful,Small and slow are beautiful,DS,4.Uncertainty Avoidance Index(UAI),extent to which people feel threatened by uncertain or unknown situations,Cultures with high UAI,(cultures which avoid uncertainty),Cultures with low UAI,(cultures which accept uncertainty),-desire for detailed rules and their control,-resistance against change/innovation,-open for new things and change,-aversion to rules,-people tend to worry about the future,-little worries about the future,-higher demand for details in contracts,-expert and specialist knowledge are,accepted,-acceptance of generalist knowledge,and common sense,-avoidance of too many rules and formalities,-flexible organisation and work environment,-formalization and standardization,DS,Power Distance&Uncertainty Avoidance,5.Long-Term Orientation versus Short-Term Orientation(LTO),Cultures with high LTO,Cultures with low LTO,-society plans sustainably,and respects tradition,-strong work ethic,-development is sometimes slow,-change is welcome and,may happen rapidly,-tradition and sustainable development,are not so important,-short-term benefits are welcome,DS,Attending(20%),Oral presentation(50%),Instant short speech in public,Study on National cultures(BRICS),Religion research(6 religions in the world),Reading textbook,Written paper(30%),On cultures,